正反交对玉米杂交种茎秆抗倒伏性能及种植密度的响应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.011

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (12): 2949-2961.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.011

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

正反交对玉米杂交种茎秆抗倒伏性能及种植密度的响应

段燕燕(), 胡静, 祁炳琴, 潘志远, 吴昊楠, 勾玲()

石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2023-03-30 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2024-01-03
通信作者: 勾玲(1966-),女,四川涪陵人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为作物高产抗逆栽培生理,(E-mail)gl_agr@shzu.edu.cn
作者简介:段燕燕(1996-),女,甘肃武威人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物高产优质高效栽培,(E-mail)3256696993@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“玉米杂交组合茎秆抗倒伏的生理机制研究”(31760361)

Response of reciprocal cross to lodging resistance and planting density of maize hybrids

DUAN Yanyan(), HU Jing, QI Bingqin, PAN Zhiyuan, WU Haonan, GOU Ling()

Agricultual College of Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China

Received:2023-03-30 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2024-01-03
Correspondence author: GOU Ling(1966-), female, born in Sichuan, Ph.D, doctoral supervisor, research direction: physiology of high-yielding and stress-resistant crop cultivation, (E-mail)gl_agr@shzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China "Study on the physiological Mechanism of Stalk Resistance to Overturning in Maize Hybrid Combinations"(31760361)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究正反交对玉米杂交种F₁植株形态特征、抗倒伏特性、杂种优势及耐密性的影响。【方法】选择母本相同、父本不同的两个杂交种KX2564和KX3564及其亲本,采用反交方法培育父本相同、母本不同的2个杂交种反-KX2564和反-KX3564为材料,设置低、中和高3个种植密度(4.5×10⁴、9.0×10⁴和13.5×10⁴株/hm²)。【结果】种植密度从4.5×10⁴株/hm²增加到13.5×10⁴株/hm²时,亲本及杂交种节粗、单位节长干重明显降低,茎秆抗倒伏强度下降,田间倒伏率逐渐增加。正交试验中,母本自交系的节粗、单位节长干重显著高于父本,正交组合的超父优势高于超母优势,节长的超母优势高于超父优势,而杂种优势随密度的增加而降低。茎秆穿刺强度和弯曲强度的超父优势较高,弯曲强度的杂种优势随密度增加而增加。反交时,反交组合节粗、单位节长干重的超母优势较高,单位节长干重的杂种优势随着种植密度增加而降低。母本的倒伏率高于父本和杂交种,茎秆强度的超母优势高于超父优势。杂交种穗粒数和千粒重均随密度的增加而减小,产量随着密度的增加显著增加。KX3564的穗粒数、千粒重和产量均显著高于KX2564,杂交种产量及构成因素的杂种优势指数随密度的增加逐渐降低。【结论】选择节长短、节间直径粗、单位节长干重、茎秆强度高的丰产类型自交系作父本,单穗粒数多、子粒重的自交系作母本,有利于提高杂交种的茎秆抗倒伏能力,培育抗倒、高产耐密品种。

关键词: 玉米; 亲本; 正反交; 茎秆强度; 杂种优势

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effects of reciprocal crosses on plant morphological characteristics, lodging resistance, heterosis and density tolerance of maize hybrid F₁.【Methods】In this experiment, two hybrids KX2564 and KX3564 with the same female parent but different male parent and their parents were selected, and the two hybrids trans-KX2564 and trans-KX3564 with the same male parent but different female parent were cultivated by backcrossing as materials with three planting densities, that was low, medium and high densities (4.5×10⁴, 9.0×10⁴ and 13.5×10⁴ plants/hm²).【Results】When the planting density increased from 4.5×10⁴ to 13.5×10⁴ plants/hm², the node thickness and dry weight per unit length of the parents and hybrids decreased significantly, the lodging resistance of stems decreased, and the lodging rate in the field increased gradually. In the orthogonal experiment, the internode thickness, dry weight per unit length of the inbred lines of the female parent were significantly higher than those of the male parent, the super father advantage was higher than the super mother advantage for hybrids, while the super mother advantage was higher than the super father advantage for internode length, the hybrid advantage of internode length decreased with increasing density. When the super father advantage of stalk puncture strength and bending strength was higher, the hybrid advantage of bending strength increased with increasing density. In reverse cross, The inverse cross combination had higher super-mother advantage in node thickness and dry weight unit node length, and the hybrid advantage in dry weight unit node length decreased with increasing planting density. The lodging rate of female was higher than that of male and hybrid, and the super-mother advantage was higher in strength. Grain per spike and 1,000-grain weight of hybrids decreased with the increase of density, and yield increased significantly with the increase of density. Grain per spike, 1,000-grain weight and yield of KX3564 were significantly higher than those of KX2564, and the hybrid advantage of yield and constitutive factors of the hybrids gradually decreased with increasing density.【Conclusion】The selection of selfed lines with short internode length, thick internode diameter, high dry weight per unit length, stalk strength and yield as the father, and high grains of ears and 1,000-grains weight as the mother is conducive to increasing the stalk resistance of hybrids and breeding resistant and high yielding dense varieties.

Key words: maize; parentage; reciprocal cross; stalk strength; hybrid advantage

中图分类号:

S513

段燕燕, 胡静, 祁炳琴, 潘志远, 吴昊楠, 勾玲. 正反交对玉米杂交种茎秆抗倒伏性能及种植密度的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(12): 2949-2961.

DUAN Yanyan, HU Jing, QI Bingqin, PAN Zhiyuan, WU Haonan, GOU Ling. Response of reciprocal cross to lodging resistance and planting density of maize hybrids[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(12): 2949-2961.

图/表 15

参考文献 24

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年份 Year	类型 Type	杂交种 Hybrid	母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent
2020	正交	KX2564	KW4M029	KW7M031
2020	正交	KX3564	KW4M029	KW7M14
2021	正交	KX2564	KW4M029	KW7M031
	正交	KX3564	KW4M029	KW7M14
	反交	反-KX2564	KW7M031	KW4M029
	反交	反-KX3564	KW7M14	KW4M029

年份 Year	类型 Type	杂交种 Hybrid	母本 Female parent	父本 Male parent
2020	正交	KX2564	KW4M029	KW7M031
2020	正交	KX3564	KW4M029	KW7M14
2021	正交	KX2564	KW4M029	KW7M031
	正交	KX3564	KW4M029	KW7M14
	反交	反-KX2564	KW7M031	KW4M029
	反交	反-KX3564	KW7M14	KW4M029

类型 Type	密度 Density	杂交种 Hybrid	节长Internode length						节粗Internode diameter
			超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)		超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)
			2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
正交 Orthogonal	D₁	KX2564	10.1	56.2	-4.3	35.7	102.4	145.2	0.8	-0.9	13.2	10.1	106.6	104.3
	D₁	KX3564	-5.7	44.5	-3.1	51.8	95.6	148.1	2.4	-1.5	22.1	20.8	111.4	108.6
	D₂	KX2564	14.3	46.6	-10.3	23.3	100.5	134.0	-6.9	0.2	-0.3	3.6	96.3	101.8
	D₂	KX3564	-5.8	39.1	-5.0	29.7	94.6	134.2	-6.5	-2.0	1.9	12.1	97.5	104.6
	D₃	KX2564	15.6	51.9	-9.1	20.9	101.8	134.7	-16.2	-2.9	-8.4	10.9	87.6	103.5
	D₃	KX3564	9.6	47.9	7.2	33.6	108.4	140.4	-7.0	-4.5	-0.6	14.0	96.1	103.9
反交 Reciprocal cross	D₁	反-KX2564		36.8		57.5		146.4		8.1		-2.7		102.4
	D₁	反-KX3564		56.8		49.2		152.9		18.7		-3.2		106.6
	D₂	反-KX2564		21.7		44.7		132.2		8.0		4.5		106.2
	D₂	反-KX3564		28.6		37.8		133.1		15.7		1.2		108.0
	D₃	反-KX2564		22.2		53.6		136.1		14.1		-0.1		106.5
	D₃	反-KX3564		35.0		49.4		141.8		16.5		-2.4		106.2

类型 Type	密度 Density	杂交种 Hybrid	节长Internode length						节粗Internode diameter
			超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)		超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)
			2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
正交 Orthogonal	D₁	KX2564	10.1	56.2	-4.3	35.7	102.4	145.2	0.8	-0.9	13.2	10.1	106.6	104.3
	D₁	KX3564	-5.7	44.5	-3.1	51.8	95.6	148.1	2.4	-1.5	22.1	20.8	111.4	108.6
	D₂	KX2564	14.3	46.6	-10.3	23.3	100.5	134.0	-6.9	0.2	-0.3	3.6	96.3	101.8
	D₂	KX3564	-5.8	39.1	-5.0	29.7	94.6	134.2	-6.5	-2.0	1.9	12.1	97.5	104.6
	D₃	KX2564	15.6	51.9	-9.1	20.9	101.8	134.7	-16.2	-2.9	-8.4	10.9	87.6	103.5
	D₃	KX3564	9.6	47.9	7.2	33.6	108.4	140.4	-7.0	-4.5	-0.6	14.0	96.1	103.9
反交 Reciprocal cross	D₁	反-KX2564		36.8		57.5		146.4		8.1		-2.7		102.4
	D₁	反-KX3564		56.8		49.2		152.9		18.7		-3.2		106.6
	D₂	反-KX2564		21.7		44.7		132.2		8.0		4.5		106.2
	D₂	反-KX3564		28.6		37.8		133.1		15.7		1.2		108.0
	D₃	反-KX2564		22.2		53.6		136.1		14.1		-0.1		106.5
	D₃	反-KX3564		35.0		49.4		141.8		16.5		-2.4		106.2

类型 Type	密度 Density	杂交种 Hybrid	单位节长干重Dry weight per unit length
			超母优势 Super mother advantage(%)		超父优势 Super father advantage(%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis(%)
			2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
正交 Orthogonal	D₁	KX2564	-7.3	-18.7	60.1	35.6	117.4	101.7
	D₁	KX3564	0.4	-7.5	25.6	22.7	111.6	105.5
	D₂	KX2564	-19.6	-10.5	20.7	27.3	96.5	105.1
	D₂	KX3564	-10.8	0.0	6.6	25.2	97.1	111.2
	D₃	KX2564	-44.5	-17.0	-16.2	46.9	66.8	106.1
	D₃	KX3564	-41.8	-9.9	-17.4	46.6	68.3	111.6
反交 Reciprocal cross	D₁	反-KX2564		45.5		-12.7		109.1
	D₁	反-KX3564		37.2		3.5		118.0
	D₂	反-KX2564		29.9		-8.6		107.3
	D₂	反-KX3564		36.8		9.3		121.5
	D₃	反-KX2564		49.5		-15.5		107.9
	D₃	反-KX3564		47.0		-9.7		111.9

正反交对玉米杂交种茎秆抗倒伏性能及种植密度的响应

Response of reciprocal cross to lodging resistance and planting density of maize hybrids

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Metrics

变异来源 Sources of variation	穿刺强度 Rind puncture strength	弯曲强度 Bending strength
密度Density(D)	38.5^**	87.4^**
正反交Reciprocal cross(Rec)	0.0	5.7^*
母本Mother(M)	26.5^**	15.7^**
父本Father(F)	54.6^**	63.7^**
D×Rec	1.7	2.2
D×M	0.4	2.0
D×F	0.9	5.0^*

性状 Traits	节长 Internode length	节粗 Internode diameter	单位节长干重 Dry weight per unit length	穿刺强度 Rind puncture strength	弯曲强度 Bending strength
穿刺强度 Rind puncture strength	-0.709^**	0.532^**	0.719^**	1	0.758^**
弯曲强度 Bending strength	-0.603^**	0.822^**	0.946^**	0.758^**	1

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[5]	邵盘霞, 赵准, 邵武奎, 郝晓燕, 高升旗, 李建平, 胡文冉, 黄全生. 玉米ZmCDPK22基因在干旱胁迫下的表达分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1372-1378.
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[10]	陈果, 郝晓燕, 高升旗, 胡文冉, 赵准, 黄全生. 玉米钙依赖蛋白激酶全基因组鉴定及抗旱表达分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 857-864.
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类型 Type	密度 Density	杂交种 Hybrid	穿刺强度Rind puncture strength						弯曲强度Bending strength
			超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)		超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)
			2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
正交 Orthogonal	D₁	KX2564	1.4	-10.1	47.1	33.6	120.1	107.5	-11	-19.4	43.8	39.9	109.9	102.3
	D₁	KX3564	8.8	-2.2	22.4	23.7	115.2	109.2	-1.3	-4.1	38.9	55.5	115.4	118.6
	D₂	KX2564	-1.1	-8.8	76.4	72	126.8	119.2	-20.2	-18.4	42.5	70.3	102.3	110.3
	D₂	KX3564	8.3	4.2	44.3	39.6	123.7	119.3	-12.2	-8.6	18.6	48.1	100.9	113.1
	D₃	KX2564	-16.1	-17.1	53.5	63.5	108.5	110	-49.4	-5.2	13.2	134.3	70	135
	D₃	KX3564	-3.6	-7.1	31	26.5	111.1	107.2	-27.5	4.4	28.8	69.2	92.8	129.1
反交 Reciprocal cross	D₁	反-KX2564		34.6		-9.5		108.2		61.3		-7		118
	D₁	反-KX3564		34.5		6.4		118.8		67.6		3.4		127.9
	D₂	反-KX2564		61.5		-14.4		111.9		82.6		10.1		118.3
	D₂	反-KX3564		29.9		-3		111		48.7		15.5		113.5
	D₃	反-KX2564		64.2		-16.7		110.5		140.8		-2.6		138.7
	D₃	反-KX3564		30.4		-4.2		110.4		69		4.3		129

类型 Type	密度 Density	杂交种 Hybrid	穿刺强度Rind puncture strength						弯曲强度Bending strength
			超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)		超母优势 Super mother advantage (%)		超父优势 Super father advantage (%)		杂种优势指数 Index of heterosis (%)
			2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021	2020	2021
正交 Orthogonal	D₁	KX2564	1.4	-10.1	47.1	33.6	120.1	107.5	-11	-19.4	43.8	39.9	109.9	102.3
	D₁	KX3564	8.8	-2.2	22.4	23.7	115.2	109.2	-1.3	-4.1	38.9	55.5	115.4	118.6
	D₂	KX2564	-1.1	-8.8	76.4	72	126.8	119.2	-20.2	-18.4	42.5	70.3	102.3	110.3
	D₂	KX3564	8.3	4.2	44.3	39.6	123.7	119.3	-12.2	-8.6	18.6	48.1	100.9	113.1
	D₃	KX2564	-16.1	-17.1	53.5	63.5	108.5	110	-49.4	-5.2	13.2	134.3	70	135
	D₃	KX3564	-3.6	-7.1	31	26.5	111.1	107.2	-27.5	4.4	28.8	69.2	92.8	129.1
反交 Reciprocal cross	D₁	反-KX2564		34.6		-9.5		108.2		61.3		-7		118
	D₁	反-KX3564		34.5		6.4		118.8		67.6		3.4		127.9
	D₂	反-KX2564		61.5		-14.4		111.9		82.6		10.1		118.3
	D₂	反-KX3564		29.9		-3		111		48.7		15.5		113.5
	D₃	反-KX2564		64.2		-16.7		110.5		140.8		-2.6		138.7
	D₃	反-KX3564		30.4		-4.2		110.4		69		4.3		129

年份 Year	类型 Type	密度 Density	杂交种 Hybrid	收获穗数 Ears(10⁴)	单穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 Grain weight (g)	理论产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
2020	正交	D₁	KX2564	4.5±0.4^a	672±15.9^b	370±19.1^a	11 749±293^b
		D₁	KX3564	4.5±0.4^a	732±22.7^a	374±11.1^a	12 712±138^a
		D₂	KX2564	8.5±0.4^a	561±6.2^b	306±7.2^b	15 191±644^b
		D₂	KX3564	8.5±0.0^a	629±4.3^a	342±9.9^a	18 806±377^a
		D₃	KX2564	13.0±0.4^a	454±19.7^b	316±16.5^a	18 575±320^b
		D₃	KX3564	13.0±0.4^a	493±6.2^a	332.7±6.0^a	21 575±587^a
2021	正交	D₁	KX2564	4.3±0.2^a	781±11.7^a	359.±0.3^b	12 237±102^b
		D₁	KX3564	4.5±0.2^a	725±7.8^b	378±2.2^a	12 876±298^a
		D₂	KX2564	8.7±0.2^b	581±29.5^a	315±0.4^b	17 122±842^b
		D₂	KX3564	9.2±0.1^a	566±18.5^a	343±0.1^a	19 100±647^a
		D₃	KX2564	13.4±0.1^a	455±5.9^b	294±15.2^b	19 232±264^b
		D₃	KX3564	12.8±0.2^b	502±5.2^a	345±0.5^a	22 767±662^a
	反交	D₁	反-KX2564	4.6±0.0^a	781±9.8^b	367±5.0^a	13 289±88.7^a
		D₁	反-KX3564	4.2±0.1^b	835±10.7^a	358±0.8^a	13 173±252^a
		D₂	反-KX2564	8.8±0.1^a	583±4.8^a	317±6.5^a	17 450±439^b
		D₂	反-KX3564	9.1±0.2^a	595±6.6^a	332±4.6^a	19 226±766^a
		D₃	反-KX2564	13.1±0.2^a	478±14.5^b	324±6.2^a	20 648±246^b
		D₃	反-KX3564	13.1±0.2^a	506±0.6^a	327±3.2^a	22 686±376^a

年份 Year	类型 Type	密度 Density	杂交种 Hybrid	收获穗数 Ears(10⁴)	单穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 Grain weight (g)	理论产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
2020	正交	D₁	KX2564	4.5±0.4^a	672±15.9^b	370±19.1^a	11 749±293^b
		D₁	KX3564	4.5±0.4^a	732±22.7^a	374±11.1^a	12 712±138^a
		D₂	KX2564	8.5±0.4^a	561±6.2^b	306±7.2^b	15 191±644^b
		D₂	KX3564	8.5±0.0^a	629±4.3^a	342±9.9^a	18 806±377^a
		D₃	KX2564	13.0±0.4^a	454±19.7^b	316±16.5^a	18 575±320^b
		D₃	KX3564	13.0±0.4^a	493±6.2^a	332.7±6.0^a	21 575±587^a
2021	正交	D₁	KX2564	4.3±0.2^a	781±11.7^a	359.±0.3^b	12 237±102^b
		D₁	KX3564	4.5±0.2^a	725±7.8^b	378±2.2^a	12 876±298^a
		D₂	KX2564	8.7±0.2^b	581±29.5^a	315±0.4^b	17 122±842^b
		D₂	KX3564	9.2±0.1^a	566±18.5^a	343±0.1^a	19 100±647^a
		D₃	KX2564	13.4±0.1^a	455±5.9^b	294±15.2^b	19 232±264^b
		D₃	KX3564	12.8±0.2^b	502±5.2^a	345±0.5^a	22 767±662^a
	反交	D₁	反-KX2564	4.6±0.0^a	781±9.8^b	367±5.0^a	13 289±88.7^a
		D₁	反-KX3564	4.2±0.1^b	835±10.7^a	358±0.8^a	13 173±252^a
		D₂	反-KX2564	8.8±0.1^a	583±4.8^a	317±6.5^a	17 450±439^b
		D₂	反-KX3564	9.1±0.2^a	595±6.6^a	332±4.6^a	19 226±766^a
		D₃	反-KX2564	13.1±0.2^a	478±14.5^b	324±6.2^a	20 648±246^b
		D₃	反-KX3564	13.1±0.2^a	506±0.6^a	327±3.2^a	22 686±376^a