小麦不同杂交F1代性状变异及杂种优势分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (8): 1858-1865.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.005

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

小麦不同杂交F₁代性状变异及杂种优势分析

冯梅¹(), 刘超勤², 陈杰², 刘文龙², 杨志刚¹(), 田杰英¹, 黄鑫¹

1.新疆生产建设兵团第一师农科所,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆生产建设兵团第一师四团永宁镇,新疆阿拉尔 843407

收稿日期:2022-12-28 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-08-14
通信作者: 杨志刚(1965-),男,四川乐至人,副研究员,研究方向为小麦育种及栽培,(E-mail)xjyangzg@163.com
作者简介:冯梅(1987-),女,四川蓬溪人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为果树育种及栽培,(E-mail)528186822@qq.com
基金资助:
兵团科技攻关与成果转化计划项目“小麦新品种选育与种质资源创新”(2016AC027);兵团第一师阿拉尔市科研计划项目“冬小麦新品种的选育示范与推广”(2016zz12)

Analysis of character variation and heterosis of F₁ generation of different crosses in wheat

FENG Mei¹(), LIU Chaoqin², CHEN Jie², LIU Wenlong², YANG Zhigang¹(), TIAN Jieying¹, HUANG Xin¹

1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences,the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. The Fourth Regiment of the 1st Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Yongning, Aral Xinjiang 843407, China

Received:2022-12-28 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-08-14
Correspondence author: YANG Zhigang (1965-), male, native place: Lezhi,Sichuang, associate research fellow, master, research field: breeding and cultivation techniques of wheat, (E-mail)xjyangzg@163.com
Supported by:
Tackling Hard-Nut Problems in Science and Technology and Research Results Transformation Project of XPCC(2016AC027);Demonstration and Popularization of New Breeding of Winter Wheat Varieties Germplasm Resources of the 1st Division of Aral S & T Research Program of XPCC(2016zz12)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究小麦杂交F₁代性状遗传变异规律及杂种优势,为筛选优良杂交子代提供参考。【方法】以邯5316为母本,6个不同小麦品种为父本的杂交组合及其母本为材料,利用方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析等方法,分析7个表型性状。【结果】①小麦F₁代性状存在丰富的遗传多样性,14个性状平均变异系数范围为4.00%~17.71%;②小麦F₁代性状间的遗传传递力有差异,穗长、穗粒数、穗粒重和千粒重的遗传传递力最高,均大于100%;③性状中亲优势率为-32.95%~99.13%,且不同组合性状杂种优势不同;④7个性状均存在相互影响,且穗粒重、穗粒数和千粒重之间影响较大。【结论】筛选出18-4、18-5两个优良杂交组合,其子代具有穗长、穗粒数多、穗粒较大等特性。

关键词: 小麦; 杂交子代; 遗传变异; 杂种优势

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the rules of genetic variation and heterosis of F₁ characters in wheat hybrids.【Methods】 The cross combination with Han 5316 was taken as female parent and six different wheat varieties as male parent and their female parent were used as materials in this study, variance analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze 7 phenotypic traits.【Results】 ①The average coefficient of variation of 7 traits ranged from 4.00%-17.71%, indicating that there were abundant genetic diversity in F₁ hybrid progeny of wheat hybrids.②The heritability of F₁ generation in wheat was different.The heritability of spike length, grains per spike, spike grain weight and 1000-grain weight was the highest, which was more than 100%; ③ The percentage of heterosis was -32.95%-99.13%, and the heterosis of different combinations was different; ④ The 7 characters all affected each other, and the spike grain weight, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight had a greater influence.【Conclusion】 Two excellent hybrid combinations 18-4 and 18-5 were selected by principal component analysis, and their progenies were characterized by long spike, more grains per spike and larger grains per spike.

Key words: wheat; hybrid progeny; genetic variation; heterosis

中图分类号:

S512

冯梅, 刘超勤, 陈杰, 刘文龙, 杨志刚, 田杰英, 黄鑫. 小麦不同杂交F₁代性状变异及杂种优势分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1858-1865.

FENG Mei, LIU Chaoqin, CHEN Jie, LIU Wenlong, YANG Zhigang, TIAN Jieying, HUANG Xin. Analysis of character variation and heterosis of F₁ generation of different crosses in wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 1858-1865.

图/表 6

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杂交组合 Hybrid combin- ations	参数 Parameter	株高 Plant height (cm)	收获穗数 Spikes number (10⁴/hm²)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	穗粒重 Spike grain weight (g)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/667m²)
18-1	平均值	80^bc	399.8^c	9.73^bc	55.25^a	3.28^a	59.40^a	434.0^b
	CV(%)	5.4	17.22	2.28	7.64	8.01	3.10	41.97
	Ta(%)	104.17	67.05	113.34	148.4	184.33	116.05	83.19
18-2	平均值	77^c	500^ab	8.80^d	46^c	2.49^b	54.08^c	480.3^ab
	CV(%)	1.3	0.2	0.57	0.87	0.40	0.02	0.21
	Ta(%)	101.25	77.74	115.33	131.32	171.59	121.04	92.87
18-3	平均值	78.8^bc	500^ab	9.35^c	50^bc	2.79^b	55.75^bc	391.2^b
	CV(%)	2.09	4.09	2.35	2.43	4.92	1.67	15.75
	Ta(%)	99.94	82.15	110.65	140.92	175.41	119.76	69.16
18-4	平均值	90.8^a	574.5^a	10.70^a	56.10^a	3.37^a	60.17^a	589.1^ab
	CV(%)	0.93	5.33	2.75	1.03	4.71	5.06	2.99
	Ta(%)	114.61	106.17	129.85	146.94	192.74	130.67	102.72
18-5	平均值	82.7^b	558.3^a	10.13^b	52.20^ab	3.14^a	60.23^a	638.3^a
	CV(%)	0.7	13.49	2.48	3.77	3.72	2.65	11.14
	Ta(%)	100.9	86.81	123.13	144.88	198.94	131.86	117.72
18-6	平均值	81^bc	450^bc	8.40^d	47^c	2.71^b	57.56^ab	446.5^b
	CV(%)	4.28	18.22	4.76	10.43	11.07	2.26	44.83
	Ta(%)	103.12	69.7	106.33	134.06	168.07	121.78	79.73
总样本 Total	平均值	81.69	497.1	9.52	51.09	2.96	57.87	496.58
	CV(%)	5.41	12.03	8.15	7.47	10.88	4.00	17.71
	Ta(%)	105.01	80.93	116.31	138.24	180.63	128.17	95.3
组合间F值 F value among combination		14.32^**	5.56^**	36.55^**	7.9^**	11.83^**	6.63^**	2.41

杂交组合 Hybrid combin- ations	参数 Parameter	株高 Plant height (cm)	收获穗数 Spikes number (10⁴/hm²)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	穗粒重 Spike grain weight (g)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/667m²)
18-1	平均值	80^bc	399.8^c	9.73^bc	55.25^a	3.28^a	59.40^a	434.0^b
	CV(%)	5.4	17.22	2.28	7.64	8.01	3.10	41.97
	Ta(%)	104.17	67.05	113.34	148.4	184.33	116.05	83.19
18-2	平均值	77^c	500^ab	8.80^d	46^c	2.49^b	54.08^c	480.3^ab
	CV(%)	1.3	0.2	0.57	0.87	0.40	0.02	0.21
	Ta(%)	101.25	77.74	115.33	131.32	171.59	121.04	92.87
18-3	平均值	78.8^bc	500^ab	9.35^c	50^bc	2.79^b	55.75^bc	391.2^b
	CV(%)	2.09	4.09	2.35	2.43	4.92	1.67	15.75
	Ta(%)	99.94	82.15	110.65	140.92	175.41	119.76	69.16
18-4	平均值	90.8^a	574.5^a	10.70^a	56.10^a	3.37^a	60.17^a	589.1^ab
	CV(%)	0.93	5.33	2.75	1.03	4.71	5.06	2.99
	Ta(%)	114.61	106.17	129.85	146.94	192.74	130.67	102.72
18-5	平均值	82.7^b	558.3^a	10.13^b	52.20^ab	3.14^a	60.23^a	638.3^a
	CV(%)	0.7	13.49	2.48	3.77	3.72	2.65	11.14
	Ta(%)	100.9	86.81	123.13	144.88	198.94	131.86	117.72
18-6	平均值	81^bc	450^bc	8.40^d	47^c	2.71^b	57.56^ab	446.5^b
	CV(%)	4.28	18.22	4.76	10.43	11.07	2.26	44.83
	Ta(%)	103.12	69.7	106.33	134.06	168.07	121.78	79.73
总样本 Total	平均值	81.69	497.1	9.52	51.09	2.96	57.87	496.58
	CV(%)	5.41	12.03	8.15	7.47	10.88	4.00	17.71
	Ta(%)	105.01	80.93	116.31	138.24	180.63	128.17	95.3
组合间F值 F value among combination		14.32^**	5.56^**	36.55^**	7.9^**	11.83^**	6.63^**	2.41

性状 Trait	杂交组合 Hybrid combina tions		母本 Female		父本 Male		中亲值 MPV		中亲优势 H_m		中亲优势率 RH_m (%)		高亲值 BPV		超亲优势 H_b	超亲优势率 RH_b (%)
株高 Plant height (cm)	18-1		79.6		74		76.8		3.2		4.17		79.6		0.4	0.5
	18-2		79.6		72.5		76.05		0.95		1.25		79.6		-2.6	-3.27
	18-3		79.6		78		78.8		-0.05		-0.06		79.6		-0.85	-1.07
	18-4		79.6		78.8		79.18		11.57		14.61		79.6		11.15	14.01
	18-5		79.6		84.3		81.93		0.74		0.9		84.25		-1.58	-1.88
	18-6		79.6		77.5		78.55		2.45		3.12		79.6		1.4	1.76
收获穗数 Spikes number (10⁴/hm²)	18-1		611.25		581.2		596.23		-196.48		-32.95		611.25		-211.5	-34.6
	18-2		611.25		675		643.13		-143.13		-22.26		675		-175	-25.93
	18-3		611.25		606		608.63		-108.63		-17.85		611.25		-111.25	-18.2
	18-4		611.25		471		541.13		33.37		6.17		611.25		-36.75	-6.01
	18-5		611.25		675		643.13		-84.8		-13.2		675		-116.67	-17.28
	18-6		611.25		680		645.63		-195.63		-30.3		680		-230	-33.82
穗长 Spikel ength (cm)	18-1		8.15		9		8.58		1.15		13.35		9		0.73	8.06
	18-2		8.15		7.10		7.63		1.17		15.34		8.15		0.65	7.98
	18-3		8.15		8.75		8.45		0.9		10.65		8.75		0.6	6.86
	18-4		8.15		8.33		8.24		2.46		29.85		8.33		2.37	28.4
	18-5		8.15		8.30		8.23		1.9		23.1		8.3		1.83	22.09
	18-6		8.15		7.65		7.9		0.5		6.33		8.15		0.25	3.07
穗粒数 Grains perspike		18-1		35.05		39.40		37.23		18.02		48.41		39.4	15.85	40.23
		18-2		35.05		35		35.03		10.97		31.32		35.05	10.95	31.24
		18-3		35.05		35.90		35.48		14.52		40.93		35.9	14.1	39.28
		18-4		35.05		41.30		38.18		17.92		46.94		41.3	14.8	35.84
		18-5		35.05		37		36.03		16.17		44.9		37	15.2	41.08
		18-6		35.05		35.07		35.06		11.94		34.06		35.07	11.93	34.03
穗粒重 Spikegrain weight (g)		18-1		1.6		1.95		1.78		1.5		84.56		1.95	1.33	68.26
		18-2		1.6		1.30		1.45		1.04		71.59		1.6	0.89	55.5
		18-3		1.6		1.57		1.59		1.2		75.65		1.6	1.19	74.31
		18-4		1.6		1.90		1.75		1.62		92.74		1.9	1.47	77.53
		18-5		1.6		1.55		1.58		1.56		99.13		1.6	1.54	96.46
		18-6		1.6		1.61		1.61		1.1		68.29		1.61	1.1	68.07
千粒重 1 000-grain weight (g)		18-1		49.36		53		51.18		8.22		16.05		53	6.4	12.07
		18-2		49.36		40		44.68		9.4		21.04		49.36	4.72	9.57
		18-3		49.36		43.75		46.55		9.2		19.76		49.36	6.39	12.95
		18-4		49.36		42.75		46.05		14.12		30.66		49.36	10.81	21.91
		18-5		49.36		42		45.68		14.55		31.9		49.36	10.88	22.03
		18-6		49.36		45.18		47.27		10.29		21.78		49.36	8.21	16.63
产量 Yield (kg/667m²)		18-1		582.6		460.9		521.74		-87.7		-16.81		582.6	-148.56	-25.5
		18-2		582.6		451.8		517.22		-36.89		-7.13		582.6	-102.27	-17.55
		18-3		582.6		548.8		565.69		-174.46		-30.84		582.6	-191.37	-32.85
		18-4		582.6		564.4		573.52		15.61		2.72		582.6	6.53	1.12
		18-5		582.6		501.8		542.18		96.09		17.7		582.6	55.67	9.55
		18-6		582.6		537.3		559.94		-113.48		-20.27		582.6	-136.14	-23.37

性状 Trait	杂交组合 Hybrid combina tions		母本 Female		父本 Male		中亲值 MPV		中亲优势 H_m		中亲优势率 RH_m (%)		高亲值 BPV		超亲优势 H_b	超亲优势率 RH_b (%)
株高 Plant height (cm)	18-1		79.6		74		76.8		3.2		4.17		79.6		0.4	0.5
	18-2		79.6		72.5		76.05		0.95		1.25		79.6		-2.6	-3.27
	18-3		79.6		78		78.8		-0.05		-0.06		79.6		-0.85	-1.07
	18-4		79.6		78.8		79.18		11.57		14.61		79.6		11.15	14.01
	18-5		79.6		84.3		81.93		0.74		0.9		84.25		-1.58	-1.88
	18-6		79.6		77.5		78.55		2.45		3.12		79.6		1.4	1.76
收获穗数 Spikes number (10⁴/hm²)	18-1		611.25		581.2		596.23		-196.48		-32.95		611.25		-211.5	-34.6
	18-2		611.25		675		643.13		-143.13		-22.26		675		-175	-25.93
	18-3		611.25		606		608.63		-108.63		-17.85		611.25		-111.25	-18.2
	18-4		611.25		471		541.13		33.37		6.17		611.25		-36.75	-6.01
	18-5		611.25		675		643.13		-84.8		-13.2		675		-116.67	-17.28
	18-6		611.25		680		645.63		-195.63		-30.3		680		-230	-33.82
穗长 Spikel ength (cm)	18-1		8.15		9		8.58		1.15		13.35		9		0.73	8.06
	18-2		8.15		7.10		7.63		1.17		15.34		8.15		0.65	7.98
	18-3		8.15		8.75		8.45		0.9		10.65		8.75		0.6	6.86
	18-4		8.15		8.33		8.24		2.46		29.85		8.33		2.37	28.4
	18-5		8.15		8.30		8.23		1.9		23.1		8.3		1.83	22.09
	18-6		8.15		7.65		7.9		0.5		6.33		8.15		0.25	3.07
穗粒数 Grains perspike		18-1		35.05		39.40		37.23		18.02		48.41		39.4	15.85	40.23
		18-2		35.05		35		35.03		10.97		31.32		35.05	10.95	31.24
		18-3		35.05		35.90		35.48		14.52		40.93		35.9	14.1	39.28
		18-4		35.05		41.30		38.18		17.92		46.94		41.3	14.8	35.84
		18-5		35.05		37		36.03		16.17		44.9		37	15.2	41.08
		18-6		35.05		35.07		35.06		11.94		34.06		35.07	11.93	34.03
穗粒重 Spikegrain weight (g)		18-1		1.6		1.95		1.78		1.5		84.56		1.95	1.33	68.26
		18-2		1.6		1.30		1.45		1.04		71.59		1.6	0.89	55.5
		18-3		1.6		1.57		1.59		1.2		75.65		1.6	1.19	74.31
		18-4		1.6		1.90		1.75		1.62		92.74		1.9	1.47	77.53
		18-5		1.6		1.55		1.58		1.56		99.13		1.6	1.54	96.46
		18-6		1.6		1.61		1.61		1.1		68.29		1.61	1.1	68.07
千粒重 1 000-grain weight (g)		18-1		49.36		53		51.18		8.22		16.05		53	6.4	12.07
		18-2		49.36		40		44.68		9.4		21.04		49.36	4.72	9.57
		18-3		49.36		43.75		46.55		9.2		19.76		49.36	6.39	12.95
		18-4		49.36		42.75		46.05		14.12		30.66		49.36	10.81	21.91
		18-5		49.36		42		45.68		14.55		31.9		49.36	10.88	22.03
		18-6		49.36		45.18		47.27		10.29		21.78		49.36	8.21	16.63
产量 Yield (kg/667m²)		18-1		582.6		460.9		521.74		-87.7		-16.81		582.6	-148.56	-25.5
		18-2		582.6		451.8		517.22		-36.89		-7.13		582.6	-102.27	-17.55
		18-3		582.6		548.8		565.69		-174.46		-30.84		582.6	-191.37	-32.85
		18-4		582.6		564.4		573.52		15.61		2.72		582.6	6.53	1.12
		18-5		582.6		501.8		542.18		96.09		17.7		582.6	55.67	9.55
		18-6		582.6		537.3		559.94		-113.48		-20.27		582.6	-136.14	-23.37

性状 Character	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗数 Spikes number (10⁴/hm²)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	穗粒重 Spike grain weight (g)	千粒重 1000- grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
株高 Plant height(cm)	1
穗数 Spikes number(10⁴/hm²)	0.59	1
穗长 Spike length(cm)	0.76^*	0.57	1
穗粒数 Grains per spike	0.69	0.16	0.89^**	1
穗粒重 Spike grain weight(g)	0.73	0.19	0.88^**	0.98^**	1
千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	0.73	0.21	0.73	0.82^*	0.92^**	1
产量 Yield(kg/hm²)	0.64	0.76^*	0.66	0.38	0.48	0.62	1

小麦不同杂交F₁代性状变异及杂种优势分析

Analysis of character variation and heterosis of F₁ generation of different crosses in wheat

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图/表 6

参考文献 29

相关文章 15

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Metrics

参数 Paraterment		主成分 Principal component
参数 Paraterment		Y₁	Y₂
特征值Eigenvalue		4.491	1.56
贡献率Contributionrate(%)		64.16	22.28
累计贡献率 Comulate contributionrate(%)		64.16	86.44
特征向量 Eigenvector	株高	0.299 7	0.496
	穗数	-0.322 6	0.431 8
	穗长	0.431 1	0.176 6
	穗粒数	0.460 3	-0.07 9
	穗粒重	0.465 9	-0.063 1
	千粒重	0.436 5	-0.088 1
	产量	0.026	0.719 9

组合 Combination	主成分值 Principal component values		综合评价F值 Comprehensive evaluation value	排名 Ranking
组合 Combination	PC-1	PC-2	综合评价F值 Comprehensive evaluation value	排名 Ranking
母本Female	-1.487 3	1.043 7	-0.667	8
父本1 Parent 1	-0.706 1	-0.944	-0.783	9
父本2 Parent 2	-3.490 1	-0.831 2	-2.628	13
父本3 Parent 3	-1.625 3	0.664 8	-0.883	11
父本4 Parent 4	-0.777 4	0.096 7	-0.494	7
父本5 Parent 5	-1.728 4	1.156	-0.793	10
父本6 Parent 6	-2.370 4	0.640 9	-1.394	12
18-1	2.895 8	-1.670 5	1.415	3
18-2	0.527 6	-0.976 8	0.040	6
18-3	1.401 2	-1.677 1	0.403	4
18-4	3.631 7	2.146 8	3.150	1
18-5	2.524 9	1.621	2.232	2
18-6	1.203 7	-1.270 3	0.401	5

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