水培对全株大麦和小麦苗氨基酸组成的影响及对比分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究水培对全株大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)苗氨基酸组成的影响,对比二者营养价值的差异,为水培青饲料开发利用及作物筛选提供依据。【方法】以新疆主栽大麦(甘啤8号)、小麦(新冬18号)品种为研究对象,经萌发3 d、在可控环境水培5 d后,分别测定全株水培大麦和小麦苗的茎叶、根系部分的氨基酸含量,以未进行萌发、水培的大麦、小麦籽实为对照,对比分析水培前后氨基酸组成,以及大麦和小麦苗的差异。【结果】与籽实相比,水培5 d大麦茎叶、小麦茎叶的总氨基酸含量增加了129%、102%,除谷氨酸的含量降低外,其余16种氨基酸含量均显著增加(P<0.05),赖氨酸含量提高3~4倍,鲜味、甜味、芳香及药效氨基酸含量提高;小麦根系的必需氨基酸、总氨基酸含量、特殊功能氨基酸略有减少,大麦根系的非必需氨基酸含量减少10%,甜味和药效氨基酸含量略有增加。2种作物水培后相比:小麦茎叶的赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸等12种氨基酸含量最高(P<0.05),呈味氨基酸和药效氨基酸含量明显高于大麦;大麦茎叶的亮氨酸、脯氨酸等5种氨基酸含量最高(P<0.05)。【结论】水培5 d籽实成苗后,丰富了茎叶部分的氨基酸营养成分,且水培小麦的氨基酸营养价值高于大麦。

关键词: 水培饲草; 大麦; 小麦; 氨基酸组成

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the effect of hydroponic culture on the amino acid composition of whole plant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings, and compare the difference of their nutritional value, so as to provide a basis for the development and utilization of hydroponic green fodder and crop screening.【Methods】 Taking common barley (Ganpi 8) and wheat (Xindong 18) varieties in Xinjiang as the research object, after 3 days of germination and 5 days of hydroponics treatment in a controlled environment, the amino acid content of the stem and root parts of the whole plant of hydroponics barley and wheat were determined respectively. At the same time, the amino acid composition and nutritional value of barley and wheat seeds without germination and hydroponics were analyzed as the control.【Results】 The results showed that compared with the seed, after 5 days of hydroponic culture, the total amino acid content of barley and wheat in the stem and leaf increased by 129% and 102%. The content of other 16 amino acids increased significantly (P<0.05), otherwise the glutamic acid content decreased. The content of lysine increased 3-4 times, and the contents of delicious, sweet, aromatic and effective amino acids increased also; The contents of essential amino acids, total amino acids and special functional amino acids in wheat roots decreased slightly, the content of nonessential amino acids in barley roots decreased by 10%, and the contents of sweet and effective amino acids increased slightly. Compared with the two crops after hydroponics, the contents of 12 kinds of amino acids in the stems and leaves of wheat were the highest(P<0.05), such as lysine, aspartic acid and alanine. The contents of flavor amino acids and effective amino acids were significantly higher than those of barley; The contents of leucine, proline and other five amino acids in barley stem and leaf were the highest (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 To sum up, after 5 days of hydroponic cultivation, the seeds and seedlings have enriched the amino acid nutrition of the stems and leaves, and the amino acid nutrition value of hydroponic wheat is higher than that of barley.

Key words: hydroponic forage; barley; wheat; amino acid composition

中图分类号:

S512.3

杨金钰, 王西和, 孙九胜. 水培对全株大麦和小麦苗氨基酸组成的影响及对比分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1589-1595.

YANG Jinyu, WANG Xihe, SUN Jiusheng. Effect of hydroponic culture on amino acid composition of whole plant barley and wheat seedlings and comparative analysis[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(7): 1589-1595.

图/表 2

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氨基酸 Amino acid	大麦Barley			小麦Wheat
氨基酸 Amino acid	籽实 Seed	茎叶 Stem and leaf	根系 Root	籽实 Seed	茎叶 Stem and leaf	根系 Root
苏氨酸(Thr)	0.33±0.00^f	0.84±0.01^b	0.42±0.01^c	0.36±0.01^e	0.95±0.01^a	0.4±0.01^d
缬氨酸(Val)	0.56±0.01^e	1.36±0.05^a	0.76±0.01^c	0.60±0.01^d	1.24±0.02^b	0.54±0.00^e
甲硫氨酸(Met)	0.13±0.00^d	0.26±0.01^b	0.13±0.00^d	0.21±0.00^c	0.40±0.01^a	0.21±0.02^c
异亮氨酸(Ile)	0.43±0.00^e	1.06±0.03^a	0.64±0.01^c	0.50±0.01^d	0.93±0.01^b	0.42±0.03^e
亮氨酸(Leu)	0.86±0.01^e	1.76±0.03^a	0.96±0.01^c	0.93±0.00^d	1.58±0.02^b	0.76±0.01^f
苯丙氨酸(Phe)	0.66±0.02^e	1.16±0.01^b	0.56±0.01^f	0.78±0.00^c	1.38±0.01^a	0.68±0.01^d
赖氨酸(Lys)	0.44±0.01^d	1.46±0.01^b	0.61±0.00^c	0.44±0.01^d	1.76±0.03^a	0.60±0.02^c
必需氨基酸(EAA)	3.40±0.02^f	7.90±0.12^b	4.08±0.01^c	3.81±0.01^d	8.24±0.10^a	3.62±0.09^e
天冬氨酸(Asp)	0.72±0.01^d	5.86±0.08^b	1.42±0.02^c	0.78±0.02^d	6.51±0.02^a	1.38±0.02^c
丝氨酸(Ser)	0.44±0.00^f	1.01±0.00^b	0.48±0.01^e	0.56±0.02^c	1.18±0.02^a	0.54±0.01^d
谷氨酸(Glu)	2.7±0.07^c	2.54±0.04^d	1.28±0.03^f	3.88±0.04^a	3.07±0.04^b	2.03±0.02^e
甘氨酸(Gly)	0.46±0.01^e	1.10±0.01^b	0.60±0.01^c	0.58±0.01^c	1.20±0.02^a	0.54±0.04^d
丙氨酸(Ala)	0.46±0.01^f	1.40±0.01^b	0.77±0.00^c	0.51±0.01^e	1.46±0.02^a	0.60±0.04^d
胱氨酸(Cys)	0.17±0.00^d	0.22±0.01^c	0.08±0.00^e	0.29±0.00^b	0.42±0.01^a	0.17±0.01^d
酪氨酸(Tyr)	0.26±0.01^e	0.62±0.01^b	0.36±0.01^d	0.43±0.00^c	0.84±0.01^a	0.36±0.04^d
组氨酸(His)	0.27±0.00^e	0.76±0.01^a	0.39±0.00^d	0.46±0.01^b	0.75±0.00^a	0.44±0.01^c
精氨酸(Arg)	0.60±0.02^d	1.08±0.01^b	0.60±0.01^d	0.67±0.01^c	1.36±0.02^a	0.58±0.01^d
脯氨酸(Pro)	1.06±0.01^d	1.72±0.01^a	0.46±0.01^f	1.16±0.00^c	1.44±0.01^b	0.76±0.03^e
非必需氨基酸(NEAA)	7.13±0.09^e	16.30±0.07^b	6.44±0.03^f	9.31±0.06^c	18.24±0.13^a	9.39±0.05^d
氨基酸总量(TAA)	10.54±0.10^e	24.20±0.15^b	10.52±0.04^e	13.13±0.01^c	26.47±0.22^a	11.01±0.14^d
必需氨基酸/总氨基酸 (EAA/TAA)	32.30±0.17^c	32.63±0.31^bc	38.81±0.11^a	29.05±0.02^e	31.11±0.10^d	32.87±0.37^b

氨基酸 Amino acid	大麦Barley			小麦Wheat
氨基酸 Amino acid	籽实 Seed	茎叶 Stem and leaf	根系 Root	籽实 Seed	茎叶 Stem and leaf	根系 Root
苏氨酸(Thr)	0.33±0.00^f	0.84±0.01^b	0.42±0.01^c	0.36±0.01^e	0.95±0.01^a	0.4±0.01^d
缬氨酸(Val)	0.56±0.01^e	1.36±0.05^a	0.76±0.01^c	0.60±0.01^d	1.24±0.02^b	0.54±0.00^e
甲硫氨酸(Met)	0.13±0.00^d	0.26±0.01^b	0.13±0.00^d	0.21±0.00^c	0.40±0.01^a	0.21±0.02^c
异亮氨酸(Ile)	0.43±0.00^e	1.06±0.03^a	0.64±0.01^c	0.50±0.01^d	0.93±0.01^b	0.42±0.03^e
亮氨酸(Leu)	0.86±0.01^e	1.76±0.03^a	0.96±0.01^c	0.93±0.00^d	1.58±0.02^b	0.76±0.01^f
苯丙氨酸(Phe)	0.66±0.02^e	1.16±0.01^b	0.56±0.01^f	0.78±0.00^c	1.38±0.01^a	0.68±0.01^d
赖氨酸(Lys)	0.44±0.01^d	1.46±0.01^b	0.61±0.00^c	0.44±0.01^d	1.76±0.03^a	0.60±0.02^c
必需氨基酸(EAA)	3.40±0.02^f	7.90±0.12^b	4.08±0.01^c	3.81±0.01^d	8.24±0.10^a	3.62±0.09^e
天冬氨酸(Asp)	0.72±0.01^d	5.86±0.08^b	1.42±0.02^c	0.78±0.02^d	6.51±0.02^a	1.38±0.02^c
丝氨酸(Ser)	0.44±0.00^f	1.01±0.00^b	0.48±0.01^e	0.56±0.02^c	1.18±0.02^a	0.54±0.01^d
谷氨酸(Glu)	2.7±0.07^c	2.54±0.04^d	1.28±0.03^f	3.88±0.04^a	3.07±0.04^b	2.03±0.02^e
甘氨酸(Gly)	0.46±0.01^e	1.10±0.01^b	0.60±0.01^c	0.58±0.01^c	1.20±0.02^a	0.54±0.04^d
丙氨酸(Ala)	0.46±0.01^f	1.40±0.01^b	0.77±0.00^c	0.51±0.01^e	1.46±0.02^a	0.60±0.04^d
胱氨酸(Cys)	0.17±0.00^d	0.22±0.01^c	0.08±0.00^e	0.29±0.00^b	0.42±0.01^a	0.17±0.01^d
酪氨酸(Tyr)	0.26±0.01^e	0.62±0.01^b	0.36±0.01^d	0.43±0.00^c	0.84±0.01^a	0.36±0.04^d
组氨酸(His)	0.27±0.00^e	0.76±0.01^a	0.39±0.00^d	0.46±0.01^b	0.75±0.00^a	0.44±0.01^c
精氨酸(Arg)	0.60±0.02^d	1.08±0.01^b	0.60±0.01^d	0.67±0.01^c	1.36±0.02^a	0.58±0.01^d
脯氨酸(Pro)	1.06±0.01^d	1.72±0.01^a	0.46±0.01^f	1.16±0.00^c	1.44±0.01^b	0.76±0.03^e
非必需氨基酸(NEAA)	7.13±0.09^e	16.30±0.07^b	6.44±0.03^f	9.31±0.06^c	18.24±0.13^a	9.39±0.05^d
氨基酸总量(TAA)	10.54±0.10^e	24.20±0.15^b	10.52±0.04^e	13.13±0.01^c	26.47±0.22^a	11.01±0.14^d
必需氨基酸/总氨基酸 (EAA/TAA)	32.30±0.17^c	32.63±0.31^bc	38.81±0.11^a	29.05±0.02^e	31.11±0.10^d	32.87±0.37^b

项目 Items	大麦Barley			小麦Wheat
	籽实 Seed	茎叶 Stem and leaf	根系 Root	籽实 Seed	茎叶 Stem and leaf	根系 Root
	鲜味氨基酸 Fresh aminoacid	4.93±0.09^e	11.97±0.06^b	4.67±0.03^f	6.41±0.01^c	13.61±0.10^a	5.12±0.11^d
甜味氨基酸 Sweet amino acid	3.01±0.02^f	6.82±0.03^b	3.12±0.01^e	3.62±0.01^e	6.98±0.07^a	3.28±0.07^d
芳香氨基酸 Aromatic amino acid	0.92±0.01^e	1.78±0.01^b	0.92±0.02^e	1.21±0.00^c	2.22±0.01^a	1.04±0.03^d
药效氨基酸 Pharmacodynamic amino acid	3.41±0.03^f	7.35±0.06^b	3.81±0.02^d	4.03±0.01^c	8.26±0.08^a	3.58±0.02^e

项目 Items	大麦Barley			小麦Wheat
	籽实 Seed	茎叶 Stem and leaf	根系 Root	籽实 Seed	茎叶 Stem and leaf	根系 Root
	鲜味氨基酸 Fresh aminoacid	4.93±0.09^e	11.97±0.06^b	4.67±0.03^f	6.41±0.01^c	13.61±0.10^a	5.12±0.11^d
甜味氨基酸 Sweet amino acid	3.01±0.02^f	6.82±0.03^b	3.12±0.01^e	3.62±0.01^e	6.98±0.07^a	3.28±0.07^d
芳香氨基酸 Aromatic amino acid	0.92±0.01^e	1.78±0.01^b	0.92±0.02^e	1.21±0.00^c	2.22±0.01^a	1.04±0.03^d
药效氨基酸 Pharmacodynamic amino acid	3.41±0.03^f	7.35±0.06^b	3.81±0.02^d	4.03±0.01^c	8.26±0.08^a	3.58±0.02^e

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