不同滴头间距和毛管间距对匀播冬小麦土壤水分空间分布、根系形态及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1344-1352.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.006

• 种质资源·耕作栽培·生理生化·土壤肥料·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

不同滴头间距和毛管间距对匀播冬小麦土壤水分空间分布、根系形态及产量的影响

罗四维¹(), 贾永红², 张金汕¹, 王凯¹, 李丹丹¹, 王润琪¹, 董艳雪¹, 石书兵¹()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台 831800

收稿日期:2022-10-22 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-20
通信作者: 石书兵(1966-),男,山东商河人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail) ssb@xjau.edu.cn
作者简介:罗四维(1994-),男,新疆阿克苏人,硕士,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)lsw329603142@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区科技援疆项目(2016E02003);新疆农业大学高层次人才科研培育计划项目(2521GCCRC)

Effects of drip irrigation capillary spacing and emitter spacing on the spatial distribution of soil water, root morphology and yield of uniformly sown winter wheat

LUO Siwei¹(), JIA Yonghong², ZHANG Jinshan¹, WANG Kai¹, LI Dandan¹, WANG Runqi¹, DONG Yanxue¹, SHI Shubing¹()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Qitai Triticeae Crops Experimental Station of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qitai Xinjiang 831800, China

Received:2022-10-22 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-20
Correspondence author: SHI Shubing(1966-), male, from Shanghe, Shandong Province, professor, doctoral supervisor, whose research direction is high yield cultivation of wheat, (E-mail) ssb@xjau.edu.cn
Supported by:
Xinjiang science and technology Assistance Project(2016E02003);Xinjiang Agricultural University high level talents research and Cultivation program(2521GCCRC)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究优化匀播冬小麦的滴灌配置方式。【方法】以新冬22号为材料,在立体匀播方式下,采用双因素裂区试验,主区滴头间距,设20 cm(T₁)和30 cm(T₂)2个处理,副区毛管间距,设30 cm(D₁)、40 cm(D₂)、50 cm(D₃)、60 cm(D₄)、70 cm(D₅)5个水平。研究滴头间距和毛管间距对匀播冬小麦土壤水分时空分布,根干质量、根系形态、产量形成及经济效益的影响。【结果】在适宜的滴头间距和毛管间距处T₁D₁、T₁D₂、T₁D₃和T₂D₁、T₂D₂有利于土壤水分,根干质量、根系形态、土壤含水量、水分利用效率及产量均保持较高水平,以T₁D₂表现最优;而在滴头间距和毛管间距过大处T₁D₅和T₂D₅表现较低。产量以T₁D₂表现最优,其值为9 247.95 kg/hm²。【结论】T₁D₃(滴头间距20 cm,毛管间距50 cm)是最佳滴灌配置组合。

关键词: 冬小麦; 毛管间距; 滴头间距; 土壤水分时空分布; 根系形态; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to identify the optimum of drip irrigation under the tridimensional uniform sowing mode of winter wheat.【Methods】 The experiment was designed with a split-split plot arrangement of Xindong 22 cultivar, the main plot were the main dripper spacing including two treatments: 20 cm (T₁) and 30 cm (T₂), the sub-plot were drop spacing including 5 levels: 30 cm (D₁),40 cm (D₂), 50 cm (D₃), 60 cm (D₄), and 70cm (D₅). The effects of drip irrigation capillary spacing and emitter spacing on the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture, root dry quality, root morphology, yield formation and economic benefit of uniform-sown winter wheat.【Results】 At the appropriate dripper spacing and capillary spacing, T₁D₁,T₁D₃ and T₂D₁ and T₂D₂ were conducive to soil moisture, and the dry quality, root morphology, soil moisture content, water use efficiency and yield are maintained at a high level, and T₁D₂ performed optimally;T₁D₅ and T₂D₅ performed the least when the capillary spacing and dripper spacing were too large. The yield was best performed in T₁D₂, with a value of 9,247.95 kg/hm².【Conclusion】 According to its output and input, the treatment of capillary spacing 50 cm and dripper spacing 20 cm is the best drip irrigation combination at the same irrigation quota in this experiment.

Key words: winter wheat; capillary spacing; dripper spacing; the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture; root morphology; yield

中图分类号:

S512

罗四维, 贾永红, 张金汕, 王凯, 李丹丹, 王润琪, 董艳雪, 石书兵. 不同滴头间距和毛管间距对匀播冬小麦土壤水分空间分布、根系形态及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1344-1352.

LUO Siwei, JIA Yonghong, ZHANG Jinshan, WANG Kai, LI Dandan, WANG Runqi, DONG Yanxue, SHI Shubing. Effects of drip irrigation capillary spacing and emitter spacing on the spatial distribution of soil water, root morphology and yield of uniformly sown winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1344-1352.

图/表 7

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日期 Date	9月 September	10月 October	11月 November	12月 February	1月 January	2月 February	3月 March	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June
降雨量(mm) Average rainfall	17.5	16.3	12.3	9.5	7	5.9	10.1	18.9	21.7	22.9
平均气温(℃) Average temperature	22.7	22.7	-3.5	-13.6	-17	-13.3	-1.9	9.8	16.6	21.2

日期 Date	9月 September	10月 October	11月 November	12月 February	1月 January	2月 February	3月 March	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June
降雨量(mm) Average rainfall	17.5	16.3	12.3	9.5	7	5.9	10.1	18.9	21.7	22.9
平均气温(℃) Average temperature	22.7	22.7	-3.5	-13.6	-17	-13.3	-1.9	9.8	16.6	21.2

滴头间距 Dripspacing	毛管间距 Dripirrigation- layout	两毛管带距离 The distance between the two capillary bands	滴水前土壤含水量 Soil water content before drippingirrigation(%)				滴水后土壤含水量 Soil moisture content after dripping irrigation(%)
滴头间距 Dripspacing	毛管间距 Dripirrigation- layout	两毛管带距离 The distance between the two capillary bands	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	60~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	60~80 cm
T₁	D₁	R/2	16.80	16.28	15.44	18.81	19.18	18.11	17.84	20.41
	D₂	0	16.61	14.15	16.85	20.34	20.44	17.46	17.72	20.73
	D₂	R/2	15.86	14.77	16.46	18.34	19.68	17.26	17.67	20.45
	D₃	0	15.84	14.44	15.19	19.49	19.52	17.46	17.39	19.74
	D₃	R/2	16.46	13.54	14.79	17.36	19.03	16.58	15.57	18.72
	D₄	0	15.16	14.17	15.88	17.92	18.61	16.83	15.89	17.43
		R/4	15.41	13.07	14.12	16.85	18.75	16.76	15.41	17.29
		R/2	14.31	11.82	13.08	15.74	17.72	13.48	14.50	17.00
	D₅	0	15.26	13.98	15.03	16.37	18.02	16.22	15.08	17.58
		R/4	13.70	12.09	13.22	16.03	17.31	14.36	13.69	15.87
		R/2	12.74	9.30	11.37	14.19	15.28	11.53	12.16	14.67
T₂	D₁	R/2	15.90	15.70	17.27	18.77	19.38	17.71	17.50	20.21
	D₂	0	15.73	15.05	16.25	19.14	19.69	17.31	17.28	20.55
	D₂	R/2	15.41	15.24	17.02	19.11	19.44	16.90	16.82	20.03
	D₃	0	15.66	14.39	15.00	19.25	18.51	17.21	17.27	19.53
	D₃	R/2	15.07	13.74	15.85	18.69	18.69	15.12	16.09	16.99
	D₄	0	14.61	13.58	14.85	17.42	18.52	15.10	17.33	18.34
		R/4	14.01	12.48	15.33	18.68	18.22	15.11	16.29	18.02
		R/2	12.87	10.60	13.48	17.71	16.82	13.47	12.91	16.69
	D₅	0	14.72	13.68	14.90	17.80	17.15	15.09	17.68	17.75
		R/4	12.15	11.05	14.22	16.11	17.18	12.62	13.73	16.07
		R/2	10.56	8.93	10.82	13.46	14.92	10.03	11.66	13.66

滴头间距 Dripspacing	毛管间距 Dripirrigation- layout	两毛管带距离 The distance between the two capillary bands	滴水前土壤含水量 Soil water content before drippingirrigation(%)				滴水后土壤含水量 Soil moisture content after dripping irrigation(%)
滴头间距 Dripspacing	毛管间距 Dripirrigation- layout	两毛管带距离 The distance between the two capillary bands	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	60~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	60~80 cm
T₁	D₁	R/2	16.80	16.28	15.44	18.81	19.18	18.11	17.84	20.41
	D₂	0	16.61	14.15	16.85	20.34	20.44	17.46	17.72	20.73
	D₂	R/2	15.86	14.77	16.46	18.34	19.68	17.26	17.67	20.45
	D₃	0	15.84	14.44	15.19	19.49	19.52	17.46	17.39	19.74
	D₃	R/2	16.46	13.54	14.79	17.36	19.03	16.58	15.57	18.72
	D₄	0	15.16	14.17	15.88	17.92	18.61	16.83	15.89	17.43
		R/4	15.41	13.07	14.12	16.85	18.75	16.76	15.41	17.29
		R/2	14.31	11.82	13.08	15.74	17.72	13.48	14.50	17.00
	D₅	0	15.26	13.98	15.03	16.37	18.02	16.22	15.08	17.58
		R/4	13.70	12.09	13.22	16.03	17.31	14.36	13.69	15.87
		R/2	12.74	9.30	11.37	14.19	15.28	11.53	12.16	14.67
T₂	D₁	R/2	15.90	15.70	17.27	18.77	19.38	17.71	17.50	20.21
	D₂	0	15.73	15.05	16.25	19.14	19.69	17.31	17.28	20.55
	D₂	R/2	15.41	15.24	17.02	19.11	19.44	16.90	16.82	20.03
	D₃	0	15.66	14.39	15.00	19.25	18.51	17.21	17.27	19.53
	D₃	R/2	15.07	13.74	15.85	18.69	18.69	15.12	16.09	16.99
	D₄	0	14.61	13.58	14.85	17.42	18.52	15.10	17.33	18.34
		R/4	14.01	12.48	15.33	18.68	18.22	15.11	16.29	18.02
		R/2	12.87	10.60	13.48	17.71	16.82	13.47	12.91	16.69
	D₅	0	14.72	13.68	14.90	17.80	17.15	15.09	17.68	17.75
		R/4	12.15	11.05	14.22	16.11	17.18	12.62	13.73	16.07
		R/2	10.56	8.93	10.82	13.46	14.92	10.03	11.66	13.66

滴头间距 Dripspacing	毛管间距 Dripirrigation- layout	总灌水量 Total irrigation (m³/hm²)	降雨量 Precipitation (m³/hm²)	土壤耗水量 Soil water Consumption (m³/hm²)	总耗水量 Total water consumption (m³/hm²)	灌溉水利用效率 Irrigation water use efficiency (kg/m³)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency (kg/m³)
T₁	D₁	4 650	1 421	418.40^g	6 489.4^g	1.94^a	1.39^a
	D₂	4 650	1421	424.49^g	6 495.49^g	1.99^a	1.42^a
	D₃	4 650	1 421	563.98^e	6 634.98^e	1.96^a	1.37^a
	D₄	4 650	1 421	709.55^d	6 780.55^d	1.84^cd	1.26^bc
	D₅	4 650	1 421	924.23^b	6 995.23^b	1.75^de	1.16^de
T₂	D₁	4 650	1 421	437.95^g	6 508.95^g	1.92^ab	1.37^a
	D₂	4 650	1 421	481.21^f	6 552.21^f	1.97^a	1.40^a
	D₃	4 650	1 421	593.91^e	6 664.91^e	1.87^bc	1.30^b
	D₄	4 650	1 421	806.64^c	6 877.64^c	1.79^de	1.21^cd
	D₅	4 650	1 421	1 011.41^a	7 082.41^a	1.72^e	1.13^e

不同滴头间距和毛管间距对匀播冬小麦土壤水分空间分布、根系形态及产量的影响

Effects of drip irrigation capillary spacing and emitter spacing on the spatial distribution of soil water, root morphology and yield of uniformly sown winter wheat

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滴头间距 Dripspacing	毛管间距 Dripirriga- tionlayout	根长密度 Root length density(10³ m/m³)				根表面积密度 Root surface density (m²/m³)				根体积密度 Root volume density (cm³/m³)
滴头间距 Dripspacing	毛管间距 Dripirriga- tionlayout	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	总 Total	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	总 Total	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	总 Total
T₁	D₁	2.64^ab	0.99^ab	0.36^a	3.98^ab	4.46^ab	0.75^a	0.51^a	5.72^ab	268.33^a	57.72^de	21.46^ab	347.51^ab
	D₂	2.77^a	0.99^ab	0.39^a	4.15^a	4.59^a	0.78^a	0.57^a	5.94^a	269.86^a	70.21^a	18.83^b	358.90^a
	D₃	2.54^bc	1.02^a	0.39^a	3.94^ab	4.42^ab	0.79^a	0.49^a	5.70^ab	254.11^ab	58.57^cde	20.54^ab	333.22^bc
	D₄	2.31^d	0.99^ab	0.33^ab	3.63^cd	4.16^ab	0.53^b	0.48^a	5.18^bc	252.54^ab	54.76^ef	15.87^c	321.85^c
	D₅	2.18^d	0.84^bc	0.27^bc	3.28^ef	3.66^cd	0.56^b	0.33^b	4.55^de	242.28^bc	54.15^ef	14.24^c	310.68^cd
T₂	D₁	2.71^ab	1.01^a	0.37^a	4.09^ab	4.51^ab	0.73^a	0.49^a	5.73^ab	265.38^a	65.91^ab	22.42^ab	353.72^ab
	D₂	2.63^ab	0.98^ab	0.36^a	3.96^ab	4.32^ab	0.75^a	0.57^a	5.64^ab	262.14^ab	63.03^bc	22.96^a	348.14^ab
	D₃	2.51^bc	0.95^ab	0.37^a	3.83^bc	4.17^ab	0.71^a	0.44^ab	5.32^bc	254.05^ab	60.55^cd	19.27^ab	333.87^bc
	D₄	2.37^cd	0.78^c	0.38^a	3.52^de	4.02^bc	0.54^b	0.35^b	4.91^cd	250.09^ab	49.19^g	21.45^ab	320.73^c
	D₅	2.19^d	0.79^c	0.24^c	3.21^f	3.47^d	0.51^b	0.33^b	4.30^e	227.39^c	50.69^fg	12.85^c	290.93^d

滴头间距 Dripspacing	毛管间距 Drip irrigation capillary spacing	穗数 Spikes (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 1000 grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	产值 Grainyield (元/hm²)	毛管带费用 Droppercosts (元/hm²)	经济效益 Economicprofit (元/hm²)
T₁	D₁	657.33^ab	29.29^ab	48.38^ab	9 034.39^a	24 663.89	3 200.00	17 063.89
	D₂	661.33^a	29.02^b	48.16^b	9 247.95^a	25 246.89	2 400.00	18 446.89
	D₃	641.33^bc	29.44^ab	48.52^a	9 121.65^a	24 902.1	1 920.00	18 582.10
	D₄	602.33^d	28.10^c	48.24^b	8 538.59^c	23 310.34	1 600.00	17 310.34
	D₅	573.67^e	27.85^c	47.86^cd	8 127.25^de	22 187.4	1 371.43	16 415.97
T₂	D₁	649.33^ab	29.28^ab	48.09^bc	8 922.16^ab	24 357.49	3 733.33	16 224.16
	D₂	642.67^bc	29.85^a	48.18^b	9 140.87^a	24 954.58	2 800.00	17 754.58
	D₃	630.67^c	29.06^b	48.20^b	8 672.28^bc	23 675.34	2 240.00	17 035.34
	D₄	592.67^d	28.24^c	48.09^bc	8 338.42^cd	22 763.88	1 866.67	16 497.21
	D₅	561.67^e	27.81^c	47.76^d	7 997.09^e	21 832.06	1 600.00	15 832.06

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