耐低磷新疆春玉米基因型筛选及其磷效率

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.008

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 847-856.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.008

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

耐低磷新疆春玉米基因型筛选及其磷效率

周广威¹(), 韩登旭², 朱琦¹, 张少民¹()

1.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/新疆农作物生物技术重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2022-07-31 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-05-06
通信作者: 张少民(1979-),男,陕西城固人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为作物养分管理及根际调控,(E-mail)zhangshaomin8698@126.com
作者简介:周广威(1990-),男,河南平舆人,助理研究员,研究方向为作物养分高效利用及植物营养生理生态,(E-mail)zgw024@163.com
基金资助:
农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题项目(25107020-201904);国家自然科学基金项目(32160747);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-2022001)

Screening of spring maize genotypes tolerant to low-phosphorus and their phosphorus efficiency in Xinjiang

ZHOU Guangwei¹(), HAN Dengxu², ZHU Qi¹, ZHANG Shaomin¹()

1. Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2022-07-31 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-05-06
Correspondence author: ZHANG Shaomin(1979-),male,Chenggu,Shanxi,China,Associate Researcher,Ph.D.,Research field is crop nutrient management and rhizosphere regulation, (E-mail)zhangshaomin8698@126.com
Supported by:
Key Laboratory of Physiology Ecology and Farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(25107020-201904);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160747)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选耐低磷及磷高效玉米品种是充分利用土壤磷素和减施磷肥的有效途径,挖掘玉米利用土壤磷素的生物学潜力,为培育磷高效利用玉米品种提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,在低磷(P₂O₅:20 mg/kg)和正常磷(P₂O₅:100 mg/kg)条件下,以8个新疆自育的春玉米品种和1个对照品种(郑单958)为供试材料。【结果】筛选耐低磷基因型,划分不同磷效率类型,鉴定出对磷高效的玉米品种。施用磷肥对玉米生长有明显的影响,玉米地上部干物质重、单株产量及植株氮磷累积量在各品种之间差异显著。鉴定出4个耐低磷品种,分别为新玉29号、新玉47号、新玉54号和新玉69号。依据磷效率综合值对玉米基因型磷效率类型进行了划分。【结论】新玉47号、新玉54号和新玉69号为耐低磷且低磷高效品种,郑单958为不耐低磷且正常磷高效品种,新玉110号为不耐低磷且磷低效品种,新玉24号、新玉29号、新玉80和新玉102号为磷低效品种。

关键词: 玉米; 基因型; 耐低磷; 磷效率

Abstract:

【Objective】The selection of maize varieties with low-P tolerance and P-high-efficiency is of great significance for improving the phosphate utilization efficiency and decreasing the phosphate fertilizer input by excess phosphate application, so this project aims to explore the biological potential of maize utilization of soil phosphorus in the hope of providing theoretical basis for cultivating phosphorus efficient maize varieties. 【Methods】Under the conditions of low-P(P₂O₅:20 mg/kg) and normal-P(P₂O₅:100 mg/kg), pot experiments were carried out with 8 spring maize cultivars and 1 control cultivars (Zhengdan 958) from Xinjiang as test materials. At the mature stage, the upper part of the maize was collected, the shoot dry matter weight, yield, accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus were measured, the low-P tolerance were screened, the P efficiency of genotypes were classified, and the maize varieties with high phosphorus efficiency were identified. 【Results】Application of phosphate fertilizer had obvious effect on maize growth. Four maize genotypes (Xinyu 29, Xinyu 47, Xinyu 54 and Xinyu 69 ) with low P tolerance were identified by cluster analysis of relative shoot dry matter weight, yield and accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus. Meanwhile, According to the comprehensive value of P efficiency, P efficiency types of maize genotypes were classified. 【Conclusion】We primarily concluded that the Xinyu 47, Xinyu 54 and Xinyu 69 are identified to be the low-P tolerant, low phosphorus and high efficiency genotypes. Zhengdan 958 is a high efficient variety of normal phosphorus which is not tolerant to low phosphorus. Xinyu 110 is a variety of low phosphorus tolerance and low phosphorus efficiency. Xinyu 24, Xinyu 29, Xinyu 80 and Xinyu 102 were all low phosphorus varieties.

Key words: maize; genotype; low-P tolerance; P efficiency

中图分类号:

S513

周广威, 韩登旭, 朱琦, 张少民. 耐低磷新疆春玉米基因型筛选及其磷效率[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 847-856.

ZHOU Guangwei, HAN Dengxu, ZHU Qi, ZHANG Shaomin. Screening of spring maize genotypes tolerant to low-phosphorus and their phosphorus efficiency in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(4): 847-856.

图/表 8

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处理 Treatment		地上部干重 Shoot dry biomass (g/plant)			分配比例 Biomass distribution proportion (%)
施磷量 Phosphorus rate	基因型 Genotype	营养器官 Vegetative organ	生殖器官 Reproductive organ	合计 Total	营养器官 Vegetative organ	生殖器官 Reproductive organ
正常磷 Normal P	新玉24号	131.00±11.09^b	108.97±3.63^b	239.97±14.72^b	54.54±1.24^a	45.46±1.24^d
	新玉29号	51.20±6.73^d	96.72±11.30^bcd	147.91±15.71^d	34.63±2.77^c	65.37±2.77^b
	新玉47号	42.21±0.47^def	105.54±12.28^bc	147.75±12.54^d	28.70±2.25^d	71.30±2.25^a
	新玉54号	46.59±5.51^de	98.04±12.59^bcd	144.62±8.48^d	32.38±5.11^cd	67.62±5.11^ab
	新玉69号	70.82±5.82^c	98.60±3.34^bcd	169.41±8.46^c	41.76±1.60^b	58.24±1.60^c
	新玉80号	36.82±5.41^ef	88.94±8.29^cd	125.76±7.93^e	29.30±4.32^cd	70.70±4.32^ab
	新玉102号	48.71±0.96^de	106.45±9.84^b	155.16±8.91^cd	31.48±2.33^cd	68.52±2.33^ab
	新玉110号	30.44±2.00^f	82.16±8.74^d	112.59±10.00^e	27.10±1.70^d	72.90±1.70^a
	郑单958	160.35±13.47^a	130.00±6.56^a	290.35±7.04^a	55.17±3.28^a	44.83±3.28^d
低磷 Low P	新玉24号	53.24±7.49^b	49.97±3.19^cd	103.21±7.98^c	51.44±4.09^a	48.56±4.09^d
	新玉29号	24.99±3.81^d	61.45±6.48^bc	86.44±9.87^d	28.86±1.79^c	71.14±1.79^b
	新玉47号	38.54±4.55^c	93.38±12.63^a	131.92±14.20^b	29.33±3.57^c	70.67±3.57^b
	新玉54号	37.32±5.89^c	89.75±8.29^a	127.07±4.34^b	29.42±4.96^c	70.58±4.96^b
	新玉69号	67.67±10.42^a	99.42±3.41^a	167.09±10.01^a	40.35±4.10^b	59.65±4.10^c
	新玉80号	17.10±2.08^d	59.55±6.29^bcd	76.65±8.27^de	22.30±0.74^d	77.70±0.74^a
	新玉102号	17.70±3.15^d	50.13±7.61^cd	67.83±10.73^e	26.05±0.70^cd	73.95±0.70^ab
	新玉110号	19.61±2.28^d	47.94±6.39^d	67.55±7.61^e	29.10±2.89^c	70.90±2.89^b
	郑单958	72.10±4.34^a	66.51±3.92^b	138.61±2.75^b	52.01±2.78^a	47.99±2.78^d

处理 Treatment		地上部干重 Shoot dry biomass (g/plant)			分配比例 Biomass distribution proportion (%)
施磷量 Phosphorus rate	基因型 Genotype	营养器官 Vegetative organ	生殖器官 Reproductive organ	合计 Total	营养器官 Vegetative organ	生殖器官 Reproductive organ
正常磷 Normal P	新玉24号	131.00±11.09^b	108.97±3.63^b	239.97±14.72^b	54.54±1.24^a	45.46±1.24^d
	新玉29号	51.20±6.73^d	96.72±11.30^bcd	147.91±15.71^d	34.63±2.77^c	65.37±2.77^b
	新玉47号	42.21±0.47^def	105.54±12.28^bc	147.75±12.54^d	28.70±2.25^d	71.30±2.25^a
	新玉54号	46.59±5.51^de	98.04±12.59^bcd	144.62±8.48^d	32.38±5.11^cd	67.62±5.11^ab
	新玉69号	70.82±5.82^c	98.60±3.34^bcd	169.41±8.46^c	41.76±1.60^b	58.24±1.60^c
	新玉80号	36.82±5.41^ef	88.94±8.29^cd	125.76±7.93^e	29.30±4.32^cd	70.70±4.32^ab
	新玉102号	48.71±0.96^de	106.45±9.84^b	155.16±8.91^cd	31.48±2.33^cd	68.52±2.33^ab
	新玉110号	30.44±2.00^f	82.16±8.74^d	112.59±10.00^e	27.10±1.70^d	72.90±1.70^a
	郑单958	160.35±13.47^a	130.00±6.56^a	290.35±7.04^a	55.17±3.28^a	44.83±3.28^d
低磷 Low P	新玉24号	53.24±7.49^b	49.97±3.19^cd	103.21±7.98^c	51.44±4.09^a	48.56±4.09^d
	新玉29号	24.99±3.81^d	61.45±6.48^bc	86.44±9.87^d	28.86±1.79^c	71.14±1.79^b
	新玉47号	38.54±4.55^c	93.38±12.63^a	131.92±14.20^b	29.33±3.57^c	70.67±3.57^b
	新玉54号	37.32±5.89^c	89.75±8.29^a	127.07±4.34^b	29.42±4.96^c	70.58±4.96^b
	新玉69号	67.67±10.42^a	99.42±3.41^a	167.09±10.01^a	40.35±4.10^b	59.65±4.10^c
	新玉80号	17.10±2.08^d	59.55±6.29^bcd	76.65±8.27^de	22.30±0.74^d	77.70±0.74^a
	新玉102号	17.70±3.15^d	50.13±7.61^cd	67.83±10.73^e	26.05±0.70^cd	73.95±0.70^ab
	新玉110号	19.61±2.28^d	47.94±6.39^d	67.55±7.61^e	29.10±2.89^c	70.90±2.89^b
	郑单958	72.10±4.34^a	66.51±3.92^b	138.61±2.75^b	52.01±2.78^a	47.99±2.78^d

处理 Treatment		氮素累积量 N accumulation (mg/plant)			分配比例 N distribution proportion (%)
施磷量 Phosphorus rate	基因型 Genotype	营养器官 Vegetative organ	生殖器官 Reproductive organ	合计 Total	营养器官 Vegetative organ	生殖器官 Reproductive organ
正常磷 Normal P	新玉24号	654.76±36.80^b	901.80±92.07^d	1 556.56±128.85^c	42.13±1.11^a	57.87±1.11^e
	新玉29号	272.45±30.28^e	947.75±107.75^d	1 220.20±137.03^d	22.33±0.54^cd	77.67±0.54^bc
	新玉47号	365.29±8.43^cd	1 437.50±161.02^ab	1 802.79±168.86^b	20.35±1.49^d	79.65±1.49^b
	新玉54号	420.14±49.63^c	1 276.24±167.86^bc	1 696.38±128.66^bc	24.97±4.41^c	75.03±4.41^c
	新玉69号	604.06±48.17^b	1 210.65±16.98^c	1 814.72±59.54^b	33.25±1.64^b	66.75±1.64^d
	新玉80号	241.76±46.28^e	1 297.22±40.72^bc	1 538.98±39.42^c	15.69±2.84^e	84.31±2.84^a
	新玉102号	321.57±7.64^de	1 437.33±153.31^ab	1 758.90±160.93^bc	18.36±1.19^de	81.64±1.19^ab
	新玉110号	252.00±38.39^e	1 318.89±83.72^bc	1 570.89±112.37^c	16.00±1.58^e	84.00±1.58^a
	郑单958	1155.61±84.86^a	1 630.66±90.13^a	2 786.27±20.36^a	41.48±3.11^a	58.52±3.11^e
低磷 Low P	新玉24号	435.99±97.41^ab	639.03±42.21^cd	1 075.02±58.91^b	40.31±6.96^a	59.69±6.96^a
	新玉29号	201.12±40.55^cd	792.93±52.87^bc	994.05±91.61^bc	20.11±2.20^b	79.89±2.20c
	新玉47号	382.96±31.69b	1 227.93±125.81a	1 610.89±106.13a	23.89±3.22b	76.11±3.22^c
	新玉54号	276.92±35.44^c	1 225.18±149.13^a	1 502.10±114.41^a	18.62±3.75^b	81.38±3.75^c
	新玉69号	501.00±51.24^a	1 132.70±66.68^a	1 633.70±67.76^a	30.67±2.95^b	69.33±2.95^b
	新玉80号	122.77±15.08^d	847.54±102.86^b	970.31±110.71^bc	12.69±1.31^d	87.31±1.31^d
	新玉102号	162.62±14.94^d	689.90±97.49^bcd	852.52±110.41^cd	19.16±1.35^b	80.84±1.35^c
	新玉110号	156.93±17.23^d	577.67±63.52^d	734.61±70.69^cd	21.41±2.27^b	78.59±2.27^c
	郑单958	398.11±38.18^b	697.91±50.71^bcd	1 096.02±87.11^b	36.30±0.99^a	63.70±0.99^a

处理 Treatment		氮素累积量 N accumulation (mg/plant)			分配比例 N distribution proportion (%)
施磷量 Phosphorus rate	基因型 Genotype	营养器官 Vegetative organ	生殖器官 Reproductive organ	合计 Total	营养器官 Vegetative organ	生殖器官 Reproductive organ
正常磷 Normal P	新玉24号	654.76±36.80^b	901.80±92.07^d	1 556.56±128.85^c	42.13±1.11^a	57.87±1.11^e
	新玉29号	272.45±30.28^e	947.75±107.75^d	1 220.20±137.03^d	22.33±0.54^cd	77.67±0.54^bc
	新玉47号	365.29±8.43^cd	1 437.50±161.02^ab	1 802.79±168.86^b	20.35±1.49^d	79.65±1.49^b
	新玉54号	420.14±49.63^c	1 276.24±167.86^bc	1 696.38±128.66^bc	24.97±4.41^c	75.03±4.41^c
	新玉69号	604.06±48.17^b	1 210.65±16.98^c	1 814.72±59.54^b	33.25±1.64^b	66.75±1.64^d
	新玉80号	241.76±46.28^e	1 297.22±40.72^bc	1 538.98±39.42^c	15.69±2.84^e	84.31±2.84^a
	新玉102号	321.57±7.64^de	1 437.33±153.31^ab	1 758.90±160.93^bc	18.36±1.19^de	81.64±1.19^ab
	新玉110号	252.00±38.39^e	1 318.89±83.72^bc	1 570.89±112.37^c	16.00±1.58^e	84.00±1.58^a
	郑单958	1155.61±84.86^a	1 630.66±90.13^a	2 786.27±20.36^a	41.48±3.11^a	58.52±3.11^e
低磷 Low P	新玉24号	435.99±97.41^ab	639.03±42.21^cd	1 075.02±58.91^b	40.31±6.96^a	59.69±6.96^a
	新玉29号	201.12±40.55^cd	792.93±52.87^bc	994.05±91.61^bc	20.11±2.20^b	79.89±2.20c
	新玉47号	382.96±31.69b	1 227.93±125.81a	1 610.89±106.13a	23.89±3.22b	76.11±3.22^c
	新玉54号	276.92±35.44^c	1 225.18±149.13^a	1 502.10±114.41^a	18.62±3.75^b	81.38±3.75^c
	新玉69号	501.00±51.24^a	1 132.70±66.68^a	1 633.70±67.76^a	30.67±2.95^b	69.33±2.95^b
	新玉80号	122.77±15.08^d	847.54±102.86^b	970.31±110.71^bc	12.69±1.31^d	87.31±1.31^d
	新玉102号	162.62±14.94^d	689.90±97.49^bcd	852.52±110.41^cd	19.16±1.35^b	80.84±1.35^c
	新玉110号	156.93±17.23^d	577.67±63.52^d	734.61±70.69^cd	21.41±2.27^b	78.59±2.27^c
	郑单958	398.11±38.18^b	697.91±50.71^bcd	1 096.02±87.11^b	36.30±0.99^a	63.70±0.99^a

处理 Treatment		磷素累积量 P accumulation (mg/plant)			分配比例 P distribution proportion (%)
施磷量 Phosphorus rate	基因型 Genotype	营养器官 Vegetative organ	生殖器官 Reproductive organ	合计 Total	营养器官 Vegetative organ	生殖器官 Reproductive organ
正常磷 Normal P	新玉24号	19.92±0.19^cd	193.60±4.58^c	213.49±4.46^c	9.33±0.26^bc	90.67±0.26^ab
	新玉29号	32.72±4.47^bc	290.26±29.95^b	322.98±27.28^b	10.22±1.93^b	89.78±1.93^b
	新玉47号	24.38±1.87^cd	388.02±16.58^a	412.40±16.65^a	5.92±0.49^c	94.08±0.49^a
	新玉54号	43.73±6.14^b	392.25±39.56^a	435.99±35.31^a	10.12±1.97^b	89.88±1.97^b
	新玉69号	156.62±18.84^a	248.82±15.35^b	405.43±24.91^a	38.57±3.15^a	61.43±3.15^c
	新玉80号	21.67±4.99^cd	170.81±28.71^c	192.48±31.21^c	11.28±2.28^b	88.72±2.28^b
	新玉102号	15.83±2.36^cd	181.35±19.43^c	197.18±19.65^c	8.07±1.29^bc	91.93±1.29^ab
	新玉110号	11.32±2.67^d	175.79±30.44^c	187.11±32.59^c	6.04±0.91^c	93.96±0.91^a
	郑单958	166.98±19.63^a	271.97±33.89^b	438.94±38.28^a	38.10±4.15^a	61.90±4.15^c
低磷 Low P	新玉24号	38.36±4.34^b	130.92±8.55^c	169.28±9.72^bcd	22.66±2.19^b	77.34±2.19^e
	新玉29号	4.66±0.36^e	156.94±26.08^bc	161.60±26.09^cd	2.94±0.56^ef	97.06±0.56^ab
	新玉47号	5.11±0.99^e	184.79±19.44^b	189.90±18.82^bc	2.73±0.76^f	97.27±0.76^a
	新玉54号	8.12±0.72^e	190.21±28.36^ab	198.33±27.65^b	4.19±1.02^ef	95.81±1.02^ab
	新玉69号	20.90±4.25^c	221.45±6.24^a	242.35±8.09^a	8.61±1.59^d	91.39±1.59^c
	新玉80号	8.71±1.09^de	136.41±20.17^c	145.12±21.03^d	6.03±0.50^de	93.97±0.50^bc
	新玉102号	8.12±0.28^e	141.18±25.92^c	149.29±25.83^d	5.56±1.10^ef	94.44±1.10^ab
	新玉110号	13.83±1.97^d	96.72±9.77^d	110.55±10.63^e	12.53±1.58^c	87.47±1.58^d
	郑单958	45.39±6.35^a	123.36±7.94^cd	168.75±7.38^bcd	26.89±3.46^a	73.11±3.46^f

耐低磷新疆春玉米基因型筛选及其磷效率

Screening of spring maize genotypes tolerant to low-phosphorus and their phosphorus efficiency in Xinjiang

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Metrics

处理 Treatment		单株产量 Yield (g/plant)
施磷量 Phosphorus rate	基因型 Genotype	单株产量 Yield (g/plant)
正常磷 Normal P	新玉24号	61.48±5.02^c
	新玉29号	72.37±6.79^bc
	新玉47号	83.18±9.67^ab
	新玉54号	73.95±14.42^bc
	新玉69号	73.69±4.26^bc
	新玉80号	73.82±9.05^bc
	新玉102号	84.90±5.81^ab
	新玉110号	66.68±762^c
	郑单958	88.99±2.13^a
低磷 Low P	新玉24号	36.92±0.51^bc
	新玉29号	47.80±6.27^b
	新玉47号	70.68±8.99^a
	新玉54号	68.64±9.80^a
	新玉69号	71.27±4.33^a
	新玉80号	47.24±7.26^b
	新玉102号	39.72±5.27^bc
	新玉110号	38.32±5.76^bc
	郑单958	30.60±1.19^c

基因型 Genotype	地上部干重 Shoot dry biomass	单株籽粒产量 Yield	全株磷累积量 P accumulation	全株氮累积量 N accumulation
新玉24号 Xinyu 24	0.43	0.60	0.79	0.69
新玉29号 Xinyu 29	0.59	0.67	0.51	0.82
新玉47号 Xinyu 47	0.89	0.85	0.46	0.90
新玉54号 Xinyu 54	0.88	0.96	0.46	0.89
新玉69号 Xinyu 69	0.99	0.97	0.60	0.90
新玉80号 Xinyu 80	0.61	0.65	0.78	0.63
新玉102号 Xinyu 102	0.44	0.47	0.75	0.49
新玉110号 Xinyu 110	0.60	0.58	0.61	0.47
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	0.48	0.34	0.39	0.39

基因型 Genotype	正常磷 Normal P	低磷 Low P
新玉24号Xinyu 24	0.08	0.09
新玉29号Xinyu 29	0.07	0.08
新玉47号Xinyu 47	0.14	0.20
新玉54号Xinyu 54	0.13	0.20
新玉69号Xinyu 69	0.13	0.25
新玉80号Xinyu 80	0.03	0.07
新玉102号Xinyu 102	0.07	0.05
新玉110号Xinyu 110	0.02	0.02
郑单958 Zhengdan 958	0.25	0.08

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