生物有机肥对枸杞生长及土壤性状的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.021

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (11): 2779-2789.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.021

• 微生物·园艺特产·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

生物有机肥对枸杞生长及土壤性状的影响

吕亮雨¹(), 樊光辉¹^,²(), 付全¹, 苏彩风¹, 李发毅¹

1.青海大学农牧学院/青海大学农林科学院,西宁 810016
2.青海高原林木遗传育种实验室,西宁 810016

收稿日期:2023-02-15 出版日期:2023-11-20 发布日期:2023-12-07
通信作者: 樊光辉(1972-),男,青海西宁人,副研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为枸杞良种选育和良种繁育,(E-mail)qhfgh@163.com
作者简介:吕亮雨(1997-),男,山东烟台人,博士研究生,研究方向为林木育种,(E-mail)1670240560@qq.com
基金资助:
科技部重点研发项目(2018-YFC-0406604);青海省创新平台建设专项(2020-0407-NCC-0001);青海省财政支农资金林业新技术推广项目(2020-SJTG-03)

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on growth and soil properties of Lycium barbarum L.

LYU Liangyu¹(), FAN Guanghui¹^,²(), FU Quan¹, SU Caifeng¹, LI Fayi¹

1. Qinghai University College of agriculture and animal husbandry/Qinghai University Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Xining 810016,China
2. Qinghai Plateau Forest Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Xining 810016,China

Received:2023-02-15 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-12-07
Correspondence author: Fan Guanghui (1972-), male, associate professor, Xining, Qinghai Province, China.His research interest is breeding and breeding of improved lycium barbarum Improved Varieties and Breeding, (E-mail)qhfgh@163.com
Supported by:
Key R & D project of the Ministry of science and Technology(2018-YFC-0406604);Qinghai innovation platform construction project(2020-0407-NCC-0001);New forestry technology promotion project of Qinghai provincial financial support for agriculture fund(2020-SJTG-03)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究施用生物有机肥对有机枸杞生长发育、产量品质及土壤性状的影响。【方法】 以宁杞 7 号为材料,于生长季(7~11月)以不施肥为对照(CK),比较不同生物有机肥处理对枸杞生长的影响及土壤养分含量差异。【结果】 与CK相比,施用生物有机肥处理均降低了土壤电导率和pH,提高了土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,施用44.55 L/hm²复合型生物有机肥土壤改良效果明显,与CK差异显著;施用生物有机肥后,枸杞叶片光合特性得到改善,枸杞植株树高和冠幅显著提高,施44.55 L/hm²复合型生物肥的效果最佳;施用木霉菌生物有机肥、复合型生物有机肥和芽孢杆菌生物有机肥后各处理产量增加了4.8%~21.7%、11.9%~31.4%和3.5%~21.7%,并改善了枸杞果实品质,枸杞果实中枸杞多糖、黄酮、类胡萝卜素、甜菜碱、抗坏血酸多酚含量分别较CK显著提高,施用44.55 L/hm²复合型生物肥果实品质最好。【结论】 不同生物有机肥处理下枸杞的生长状况均得到一定程度改善,土壤理化性质得到改良,其中施用44.55 L/hm²复合型生物有机肥肥效果最好。

关键词: 生物有机肥; 枸杞; 生长发育; 产量品质; 土壤养分

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of bio-organic fertilizer application on growth, yield, quality and soil properties of organic Lycium barbarum.【Methods】 Ningqi no.7 was used as experimental material, and the effects of different bio-organic fertilizer treatments on the growth of Lycium barbarum L.and the differences of soil nutrient contents were compared during the growing season (July to November) with no fertilization as the control (CK).【Results】 The results showed that compared with CK, application of bio-organic fertilizer decreased soil conductivity and pH, and increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents.Application of 44.55 L/hm² compound bio-organic fertilizer had obvious soil improvement effect, which was significantly different from CK.After applying bio-organic fertilizer, the photosynthetic characteristics of Lycium barbarum leaves were improved, the tree height and crown width of Lycium barbarum plants were significantly increased, and 44.55 L/hm² compound bio-fertilizer had the best effect.After applying Trichoderma bioorganic fertilizer, compound bioorganic fertilizer and Bacillus bioorganic fertilizer, the yield of each treatment increased by 4.8%-21.7%, 11.9%-31.4% and 3.5%-21.7%, and the fruit quality was improved., and the fruit quality was the best when 44.55 L/hm² compound biofertilizer was applied per hectare.【Conclusion】 After comprehensive evaluation, the growth status of Lycium barbarum under different bio-organic fertilizer treatments were improved to a certain extent, and the soil physical and chemical properties were improved, among which 44.55 L/hm² compound bio-organic fertilizer applied per hectare had the best effect.

Key words: bio-organic fertilizer; Lycium barbarum L.; growth and development; yield and quality; soil nutrients

中图分类号:

S15
S663.9

吕亮雨, 樊光辉, 付全, 苏彩风, 李发毅. 生物有机肥对枸杞生长及土壤性状的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2779-2789.

LYU Liangyu, FAN Guanghui, FU Quan, SU Caifeng, LI Fayi. Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on growth and soil properties of Lycium barbarum L.[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2779-2789.

图/表 6

表1 不同试验处理生物有机肥种类及用量

Tab.1 Types and dosage of bio-organic fertilizer treated in different experiments

处理 Treatment	肥料种类 (肥料名称) Fertilizer (Fertilizer name)	施用量 Application rate
MMJ₁	木霉菌生物有机肥(泰旺宝粉剂)	29.70 kg/hm²
MMJ₂	木霉菌生物有机肥(泰旺宝粉剂)	59.40 kg/hm²
MMJ₃	木霉菌生物有机肥(泰旺宝粉剂)	98.10 kg/hm²
FHX₁	复合型生物有机肥(碧苗水剂)	29.70 L/hm²
FHX₂	复合型生物有机肥(碧苗水剂)	44.55 L/hm²
FHX₃	复合型生物有机肥(碧苗水剂)	59.40 L/hm²
FZS₁	芽孢杆菌生物有机肥(绿能 2 号)	29.70 kg/hm²
FZS₂	芽孢杆菌生物有机肥(绿能 2 号)	59.40 kg/hm²
FZS₃	芽孢杆菌生物有机肥(绿能 2 号)	98.10 kg/hm²
CK	—	0

表2 不同生物有机肥下枸杞植株土壤理化性质变化

Tab.2 Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties of Lycium barbarum L.

处理 Treat- ment	养分含量 Nutrient content							pH	土壤电导率 (mS/cm)
处理 Treat- ment	全氮 (g/kg)	全磷 (g/kg)	全钾 (g/kg)	碱解氮 (mg/kg)	速效磷 (mg/kg)	速效钾 (mg/kg)	有机质 (g/kg)	pH	土壤电导率 (mS/cm)
MMJ₁	0.67±0.02^cd	2.13±0.02^b	25.35±0.04^cd	152.67±1.53^b	67.20±0.2^cd	432.00±1.00^de	13.67±0.02^bc	8.58±0.04^b	4.02±0.23^ab
MMJ₂	0.83±0.01^b	2.15±0.02^b	29.36±0.03^a	185.67±2.08^a	81.23±0.25^ab	538.00±7.94^b	16.21±0.02^a	8.25±0.03^d	3.05±0.46^c
MMJ₃	0.85±0.04^ab	2.14±0.03^b	27.28±0.03^b	185.33±1.53^a	81.20±2.45^ab	535.00±10.58^b	16.17±0.80^a	8.23±0.02^de	4.26±0.39^a
FHX₁	0.72±0.02^c	1.94±0.16^cd	24.45±0.02^de	159.33±0.58^b	67.67±5.95^cd	457.33±26.73^d	15.87±2.24^ab	8.54±0.03^bc	3.61±0.12^b
FHX₂	0.92±0.02^a	2.44±0.08^a	25.42±0.02^cd	192.67±7.23^a	84.40±0.26^a	586.00±13.53^a	18.10±1.52^a	8.03±0.03^g	3.01±0.09^c
FHX₃	0.88±0.01^ab	2.39±0.06^a	24.44±1.54^de	190.33±11.50^a	84.47±0.35^a	523.33±13.61^bc	18.05±0.03^a	8.17±0.04^ef	4.12±0.08^ab
FZS₁	0.60±0.04^e	2.01±0.02^bc	24.41±0.01^de	139.67±1.53^c	66.73±0.38^cd	435.00±2.00^d	15.75±1.04^ab	8.48±0.05^c	3.85±0.04^ab
FZS₂	0.62±0.04^de	2.07±0.02^bc	26.47±0.02^bc	152.00±2.00^b	78.77±0.23^b	518.00±2.00^bc	16.28±0.02^a	8.16±0.01^ef	4.15±0.27^ab
FZS₃	0.67±0.05^cd	1.92±0.03^cd	24.49±0.02^de	151.67±3.51^b	70.33±0.15^c	497.33±1.53^c	12.96±0.02^c	8.13±0.03^f	4.05±0.04^ab
CK	0.60±0.02^e	1.83±0.02^d	23.42±0.03^e	134.00±1.00^c	64.57±0.06^d	407.33±1.53^e	11.68±0.02^c	8.68±0.03^a	4.35±0.02^a

图1 不同生物有机肥下枸杞树高、冠幅变化

Fig.1 Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the height and crown width of Lycium barbarum L.

表3 不同生物有机肥下枸杞光合作用变化

Tab.3 Effects of organic fertilizer on photosynthesis of Lycium barbarum L.

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Pn (μmol/(m²· s))	蒸腾速率 Tr (mmol/(m²· s))	气孔导度 Gs (mmol/(m²· s))	胞间CO₂浓度 Ci (μmol/mol)
MMJ₁	7.74±0.08^f	3.32±0.01^e	120.67±2.52^e	239.00±4.36^d
MMJ₂	10.25±0.10^d	3.75±0.04^c	143.67±1.15^c	262.67±4.93^c
MMJ₃	10.89±0.0 $6 b c$	3.98±0.08^b	162.67±2.08^b	285.00±3.46^b
FHX₁	8.08±0.04^e	3.48±0.03^d	128.22±0.48^d	253.19±1.38^c
FHX₂	11.58±0.07^a	4.16±0.01^a	171.51±1.25^a	298.26±1.51^a
FHX₃	10.40±0.15^d	4.10±0.0 $2 a b$	163.69±1.96^b	288.70±1.1 $0 a b$
FZS₁	8.26±0.05^e	3.41±0.1 $2 d e$	141.25±3.01^c	282.75±2.18^b
FZS₂	11.11±0.17^b	4.07±0.0 $4 a b$	171.45±6.07^a	293.25±4.6 $6 a b$
FZS₃	10.86±0.08^c	4.01±0.03^b	165.25±3.7 $4 a b$	287.54±9.8 $5 a b$
CK	6.09±0.05^g	3.13±0.02^f	103.00±2.00^f	212.67±3.51^e

表3 不同生物有机肥下枸杞光合作用变化

Tab.3 Effects of organic fertilizer on photosynthesis of Lycium barbarum L.

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Pn (μmol/(m²· s))	蒸腾速率 Tr (mmol/(m²· s))	气孔导度 Gs (mmol/(m²· s))	胞间CO₂浓度 Ci (μmol/mol)
MMJ₁	7.74±0.08^f	3.32±0.01^e	120.67±2.52^e	239.00±4.36^d
MMJ₂	10.25±0.10^d	3.75±0.04^c	143.67±1.15^c	262.67±4.93^c
MMJ₃	10.89±0.0 $6 b c$	3.98±0.08^b	162.67±2.08^b	285.00±3.46^b
FHX₁	8.08±0.04^e	3.48±0.03^d	128.22±0.48^d	253.19±1.38^c
FHX₂	11.58±0.07^a	4.16±0.01^a	171.51±1.25^a	298.26±1.51^a
FHX₃	10.40±0.15^d	4.10±0.0 $2 a b$	163.69±1.96^b	288.70±1.1 $0 a b$
FZS₁	8.26±0.05^e	3.41±0.1 $2 d e$	141.25±3.01^c	282.75±2.18^b
FZS₂	11.11±0.17^b	4.07±0.0 $4 a b$	171.45±6.07^a	293.25±4.6 $6 a b$
FZS₃	10.86±0.08^c	4.01±0.03^b	165.25±3.7 $4 a b$	287.54±9.8 $5 a b$
CK	6.09±0.05^g	3.13±0.02^f	103.00±2.00^f	212.67±3.51^e

图2 不同生物有机肥下枸杞果实产量变化

Fig.2 Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on fruit yield of Lycium barbarum L.

表4 不同生物有机肥下枸杞果实品质变化

Tab.4 Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on fruit quality of Lycium barbarum L.

处理 Treatment	枸杞多糖 LBP (%)	黄酮 Flavonoids (%)	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoids (mg/100g)	甜菜碱 Betaine (%)	抗坏血酸 Ascorbic acid (mg/100g)	多酚 Polyphenols (%)	总糖 Total sugar (g/100g)	蛋白质 Protein (g/100g)
MMJ₁	3.92±0.04^f	0.12±0.01^bc	79.44±0.87^g	0.60±0.03^cd	15.50±0.50^de	0.85±0.01^bc	59.70±0.10^abc	8.92±0.10^bc
MMJ₂	5.93±0.06^b	0.14±0.03^b	104.70±0.20^d	0.71±0.01^ab	19.43±0.98^c	0.83±0.02^c	60.93±3.43^ab	9.25±0.10^ab
MMJ₃	5.39±0.18^c	0.12±0.01^bc	92.00±0.70^f	0.64±0.02^bcd	19.81±0.05^c	0.86±0.03^bc	59.5±2.11^abc	9.49±0.46^ab
FHX₁	4.59±0.05^d	0.13±0.01^b	98.92±0.02^be	0.64±0.01^bcd	22.33±1.53^b	0.85±0.02^bc	60.17±1.00^abc	8.94±0.03^bc
FHX₂	6.40±0.04^a	0.18±0.01^a	106.40±0.71^d	0.72±0.01^ab	25.30±0.87^a	0.88±0.02^abc	62.00±1.89^a	9.47±0.30^ab
FHX₃	5.82±0.23^b	0.16±0.01^a	112.05±0.65^b	0.69±0.01^bc	20.23±0.31^c	0.83±0.02^c	60.20±1.55^abc	9.28±0.15^ab
FZS₁	3.39±0.18^g	0.12±0.01^bc	108.35±0.17^c	0.64±0.02^bcd	23.03±0.06^b	0.91±0.03^ab	54.90±1.59^e	9.66±0.56^a
FZS₂	3.90±0.06^f	0.13±0.01^b	114.68±1.11^a	0.79±0.14^a	15.87±0.23^d	0.93±0.07^a	58.00±0.53^bcd	9.73±0.25^a
FZS₃	4.36±0.05^e	0.11±0.01^c	98.34±2.48^e	0.67±0.05^bc	14.53±0.74^e	0.82±0.05^c	57.10±0.60^cde	9.48±0.39^ab
CK	3.73±0.31^f	0.10±0.01^c	77.00±1.00^h	0.57±0.04^d	20.20±0.50^c	0.82±0.01^c	55.53±1.26^de	8.53±0.04^c

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生物有机肥对枸杞生长及土壤性状的影响

Effects of bio-organic fertilizer on growth and soil properties of Lycium barbarum L.

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