不同果树花生间作模式对花生生长发育、叶片生理特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.012

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (10): 2433-2441.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.012

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

不同果树花生间作模式对花生生长发育、叶片生理特性及产量的影响

黄小双¹(), 李海峰², 胡西旦·买买提², 热西旦·阿木提², 刘志刚², 任红松³, 石书兵¹(), 张雨⁴()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番 838000
3.新疆农业科学院综合试验场,乌鲁木齐 830052
4.中国农业科学院生物研究所,北京 100081

收稿日期:2023-01-22 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-11-01
通信作者: 石书兵(1966-),男,山东人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为作物栽培与耕作,(E-mail)shubshi@sina.com,张雨(1967-),女,新疆人,研究员,研究方向为花生栽培,(E-mail)zhangyu01@caas.cn
作者简介:黄小双(1998-),男,新疆人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物栽培与耕作,(E-mail)321789505@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2021B02003);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2021B02003-2);农业农村部农产品加工重点实验室项目(S2021KFKT-10)

Effects of peanut intercropping patterns on peanut growth, leaf physiological characteristics and yield

HUANG Xiaoshuang¹(), LI Haifeng², Huxidan Maimaiti², Rexidan Amuti², LIU Zhigang², REN Hongsong³, SHI Shubing¹(), ZHANG Yu⁴()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Turpan Xinjiang 838000, China
3. Comprehensive Laboratory of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830052, China
4. Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2023-01-22 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-11-01
Correspondence author: SHI Shubing(1966-), male, professor, doctor, doctoral supervisor, major in crop cultivation and tillage science, (E-mail)shubshi@sina.com,ZHANG Yu(1967-), female, professor, research direction is the peanut reseeding technology research, (E-mail)zhangyu01@caas.cn
Supported by:
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R & D Program Project(2021B02003);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R & D Program Project(2021B02003-2);The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(S2021KFKT-10)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究不同果树间作下对花生生长发育、叶片生理特性及产量的影响。【方法】 以新疆托克逊县常规花生品种为试材,通过杏树、枣树与葡萄3种果树间作花生的种植模式,分析不同时期间作下花生的农艺性状、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛和抗氧化酶活性的变化规律及花生产量性状等相关指标。【结果】 不同果树间作下显著影响花生主茎高、分枝数、茎粗。杏树间作下花生分枝数较枣树与葡萄树间作高190%和60%,主茎长度低26%、13%;不同处理间花生主茎高与分枝数和茎粗成反比,分枝数与茎粗成正比,侧枝长生长规律为苗期至结荚期为快速增长期和结荚期至成熟期为慢速增长期;不同果树间作下花生叶片保护酶整体呈下降趋势,其中杏、葡萄间作花生SOD酶活性在各个生育期均显著高于枣树间作花生;叶片可溶性蛋白质的含量与MDA的含量呈负相关,枣树间作下花生叶片可溶性蛋白质的含量整体低于其他处理;不同果树间作下,杏树间作花生获得的单株结果数和单株产量均为最大,分别为43.33个和116.23 g。【结论】 选择树冠、树龄适宜遮阴较小的杏树最为适宜间作花生。

关键词: 花生; 果树间作; 生长发育; 生理特性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of peanut growth and development, leaf physiological characteristics and yield of different fruit trees.【Methods】 The conventional peanut varieties in Xinjiang Toksun County was taken as the test material, through the planting mode of peanut intercropping among three fruit trees: apricot, jujube and grape, the changes of agronomic properties, soluble protein content, malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activities of peanut and the yield characteristics of peanut were analyzed.【Results】 Intercropping with different fruit trees significantly affected the main stem height, branch number and stem diameter of peanut.The number of branches of peanut in apricot intercropping was 190% and 60% higher than those in jujube and grape intercropping, and the length of main stem was 26% and 13% lower; Among different treatments, the main stem height of peanut was inversely proportional to the number of branches and stem diameter, and the number of branches was directly proportional to the stem diameter.The growth law of lateral branch length was that the growth period from seedling stage to pod setting stage was rapid growth period, and the growth period from pod setting stage to mature stage was slow growth period; under the intercropping of different fruit trees, the protective enzymes of peanut leaves showed a downward trend as a whole.The SOD enzyme activity of peanut intercropped with apricot and grape was significantly higher than that of peanut intercropped with jujube at all growth stages; Under the intercropping of different fruit trees, the number of fruit per plant and yield per plant obtained by intercropping peanut with apricot trees were the largest, 43.33 and 116.23 g, respectively.【Conclusion】 Apricot trees with suitable crown and age and less shade are the most suitable for intercropping peanut.The combination of scientific and reasonable pruning and water and fertilizer management is an important prerequisite for intercropping peanut.

Key words: peanut; fruit tree interplanting; growth and development; physiological characteristics; yield

中图分类号:

S565.2

黄小双, 李海峰, 胡西旦·买买提, 热西旦·阿木提, 刘志刚, 任红松, 石书兵, 张雨. 不同果树花生间作模式对花生生长发育、叶片生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(10): 2433-2441.

HUANG Xiaoshuang, LI Haifeng, Huxidan Maimaiti, Rexidan Amuti, LIU Zhigang, REN Hongsong, SHI Shubing, ZHANG Yu. Effects of peanut intercropping patterns on peanut growth, leaf physiological characteristics and yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(10): 2433-2441.

图/表 8

参考文献 25

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间作模式 Planting patterns	果树株行距 Row spacing of fruit trees (m)	果树树龄 Fruit tree age (year)	花生株行距 Row spacing of peanut (cm)	覆土厚度 Covering thickness (cm)
A₁(杏树-花生) A₁(Apricot tree-Peanut)	3×5	8	20×40	2~3
A₂(枣树-花生) A₂(Jujube tree-Peanut)	2×3	13	20×40	2~3
A₃(葡萄-花生) A₃(Grape- Peanut)	1.2×5	10	20× 单行种植	2~3

间作模式 Planting patterns	果树株行距 Row spacing of fruit trees (m)	果树树龄 Fruit tree age (year)	花生株行距 Row spacing of peanut (cm)	覆土厚度 Covering thickness (cm)
A₁(杏树-花生) A₁(Apricot tree-Peanut)	3×5	8	20×40	2~3
A₂(枣树-花生) A₂(Jujube tree-Peanut)	2×3	13	20×40	2~3
A₃(葡萄-花生) A₃(Grape- Peanut)	1.2×5	10	20× 单行种植	2~3

生育时期 Reproductive period	编号 Number	主茎高 Height of main stem(cm)	侧枝长 Length of first branches(cm)	分枝数 Branching number(个)	茎粗 Stem thickness (mm)
苗期 Seedling stage	A₁	3.95±0.64^c	3.05±0.37^b	3.2±1.02^b	3.058±0.59^a
	A₂	9.15±2.10^a	3.55±1.14^b	2.5±0.70^c	2.763±0.24^ab
	A₃	5.90±1.80^b	5.10±1.60^a	4.3±0.67^a	2.631±0.36^b
花针期 Flower needle stage	A₁	7.40±0.74^c	8.10±1.17^c	5.90±1.20^a	4.53±0.45^a
	A₂	33.6±3.71^a	24.4±1.17^a	3.70±0.67^c	3.49±0.31^b
	A₃	18.7±2.31^b	17.4±1.17^b	4.80±0.63^b	3.47±0.72^b
结荚期 Pod setting stage	A₁	13.10±2.13^c	16.80±1.36^c	9.50±2.22^a	5.51±0.81^a
	A₂	47.74±1.54^a	42.60±2.46^a	4.0±0.00^c	3.74±0.24^c
	A₃	45.00±2.75^b	36.00±2.45^b	5.4±0.70^b	4.30±0.61^b
饱果期 Full fruit stage	A₁	31.00±2.40^c	34.40±2.50^b	11.10±2.28^a	5.92±0.62^a
	A₂	60.80±1.89^a	48.80±1.93^a	4.00±0.00^c	3.75±0.23^c
	A₃	56.60±2.07^b	50.70±2.95^a	6.40±0.70^b	4.65±0.50^b
成熟期 Mature period	A₁	50.90±1.10^c	53.50±3.54^b	11.60±1.96^a	6.04±0.65^a
	A₂	68.90±2.13^a	54.60±3.13^b	4.00±0.00^c	3.78±0.24^c
	A₃	58.60±3.89^b	58.00±3.53^a	8.70±1.06^b	4.84±0.53^b

生育时期 Reproductive period	编号 Number	主茎高 Height of main stem(cm)	侧枝长 Length of first branches(cm)	分枝数 Branching number(个)	茎粗 Stem thickness (mm)
苗期 Seedling stage	A₁	3.95±0.64^c	3.05±0.37^b	3.2±1.02^b	3.058±0.59^a
	A₂	9.15±2.10^a	3.55±1.14^b	2.5±0.70^c	2.763±0.24^ab
	A₃	5.90±1.80^b	5.10±1.60^a	4.3±0.67^a	2.631±0.36^b
花针期 Flower needle stage	A₁	7.40±0.74^c	8.10±1.17^c	5.90±1.20^a	4.53±0.45^a
	A₂	33.6±3.71^a	24.4±1.17^a	3.70±0.67^c	3.49±0.31^b
	A₃	18.7±2.31^b	17.4±1.17^b	4.80±0.63^b	3.47±0.72^b
结荚期 Pod setting stage	A₁	13.10±2.13^c	16.80±1.36^c	9.50±2.22^a	5.51±0.81^a
	A₂	47.74±1.54^a	42.60±2.46^a	4.0±0.00^c	3.74±0.24^c
	A₃	45.00±2.75^b	36.00±2.45^b	5.4±0.70^b	4.30±0.61^b
饱果期 Full fruit stage	A₁	31.00±2.40^c	34.40±2.50^b	11.10±2.28^a	5.92±0.62^a
	A₂	60.80±1.89^a	48.80±1.93^a	4.00±0.00^c	3.75±0.23^c
	A₃	56.60±2.07^b	50.70±2.95^a	6.40±0.70^b	4.65±0.50^b
成熟期 Mature period	A₁	50.90±1.10^c	53.50±3.54^b	11.60±1.96^a	6.04±0.65^a
	A₂	68.90±2.13^a	54.60±3.13^b	4.00±0.00^c	3.78±0.24^c
	A₃	58.60±3.89^b	58.00±3.53^a	8.70±1.06^b	4.84±0.53^b

编号 Number	单株结果数 Pod number (个)	单仁果 Single kernel Fruit (个)	双仁果 Double nuts (个)	秕果数 Capsule number (个)	虫蛀果数 Number of worms (个)	烂果 Rotten Fruit (个)	饱果数 Number of fruit (个)	单株产量 Pod yield (g)
A₁	43.33^a	11.67^a	31.67^a	2.67^a	0.33^a	0.67^a	39.67^a	116.23^a
A₂	19.33^c	4.67^b	14.67^c	0.67^a	0^a	0.67^a	18.00^c	46.57^c
A₃	29.56^b	7.33^ab	21.67^b	3.67^a	0.5^a	0.33^a	24.67^b	63.07^b

不同果树花生间作模式对花生生长发育、叶片生理特性及产量的影响

Effects of peanut intercropping patterns on peanut growth, leaf physiological characteristics and yield

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[1]	罗林毅, 陈瑞杰, 阮向阳, 任晓辉, 曲奥, 苏海婷, 冶军. 微生物菌剂对滴灌棉田土壤养分和棉花产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 26-33.
[2]	汪天玲, 侯献飞, 施俊杰, 孙全喜, 贾东海, 顾元国, 单世华, 苗昊翠, 李强. 67份匍匐型花生种质资源遗传多样性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 42-54.
[3]	王贺亚, 罗静静, 艾海峰, 李怀胜, 孟玲, 王鹏. 种植密度与减量施肥对食葵产量及相关性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 55-62.
[4]	陈茂光, 林涛, 张昊, 刘海军, 王一帆, 汤秋香. 地膜类型对棉花生长的影响及自身降解和回收特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2101-2108.
[5]	杨国江, 陈云, 林祥群, 何江勇, 刘盛林, 曲永清. 氮肥减施下有机肥替代对滴灌棉花产量、氮素吸收利用及土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2138-2145.
[6]	陈传信, 张永强, 聂石辉, 孔德鹏, 赛力汗·赛, 徐其江, 雷钧杰. 生物质炭施用量对滴灌冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2146-2151.
[7]	王立红, 张宏芝, 张跃强, 李剑峰, 王重, 高新, 时佳, 王春生, 夏建强, 樊哲儒. 不同产量水平冬小麦产量差异形成的干物质生产、转运及氮肥利用分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2152-2162.
[8]	王晓雨, 王小平, 史文宇, 刘美艳, 马健, 郭云鹏, 宋瑞欣, 王清涛. 拔节期冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和产量对干旱胁迫的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2163-2172.
[9]	向莉, 王仙, 董裕生, 郭小玲, 方伏荣, 陈智军, 马艳明, 苗雨. 外源丁酸对干旱胁迫下大麦产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2173-2181.
[10]	杨红梅, 张跃强, 史应武, 吾买尔江·库尔班, 林青, 王宁, 楚敏, 曾军. 不同类型叶面肥喷施对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2182-2188.
[11]	宋冰梅, 姜岩, 陈鑫, 张宇, 程宛楠, 潘洪生. 新型转基因高产棉花萌发期和苗期耐盐性与耐碱性评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2239-2247.
[12]	马明杰, 赵经华, 李冬民, 杨胜春, 王克贤, 李池. 不同灌溉方式对苜蓿土壤水分与灌溉水利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2306-2313.
[13]	王心, 林涛, 崔建平, 吴凤全, 唐志轩, 崔来园, 郭仁松, 王亮, 郑子漂. 种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉产量及纤维品质形成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1821-1829.
[14]	董艳雪, 贾永红, 张金汕, 李丹丹, 王凯, 罗四维, 王润琪, 石书兵. 不同生态区环境下春小麦干物质积累及产量形成分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1848-1857.
[15]	李怀胜, 艾洪玉, 孟玲, 王贺亚, 张磊, 艾海峰. 减氮下运筹养分吸收高峰期追施比例对春小麦的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1866-1872.