有机肥替代部分化肥对棉田土壤养分含量与棉花产量收益的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.022

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (1): 192-196.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.022

• 植物保护 · 土壤肥料 · 草业 · 畜牧兽医 • 上一篇下一篇

有机肥替代部分化肥对棉田土壤养分含量与棉花产量收益的影响

石学萍¹(), 张谦², 王燕², 董明², 祁虹², 冯国艺², 孙红春³, 王树林²()

1.国家半干旱农业工程技术研究中心,石家庄 050051
2.河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业农村部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/国家棉花改良中心河北分中心,石家庄 050051
3.河北农业大学农学院,河北保定 071000

收稿日期:2022-04-28 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2023-03-07
通信作者: 王树林(1978- ),男,河北巨鹿人,研究员,研究方向为棉花栽培与耕作,(E-mail)wshl1001@sohu.com
作者简介:石学萍(1979-),女,河北乐亭人,高级农艺师,研究方向为作物农艺节水及水肥高效利用,(E-mail)85270639@qq.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-15-18);河北省农林科学院科技创新专项(2022KJCXZX-MHS-6)

Effects of Manure Replacing Part Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Nutrient Contents, Cotton Yields and Returns of Fertilizer Inputs

SHI Xueping¹(), ZHANG Qian², WANG Yan², DONG Ming², QI Hong², FENG Guoyi², SUN Hongchun³, WANG Shulin²()

1. The Semi-arid Agriculture Engineering and Technology Research Center of P.R. China, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
2. Institute of Cotton, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R.China /National Cotton Improvement Center Hebei Branch, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
3. College of Agronomy, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei 071000,China

Received:2022-04-28 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2023-03-07
Correspondence author: WANG Shulin(1978- ), Male, Native place: Julu, Hebei. Researcher, Research Field: Cotton Cultivation, (E-mail) wshl1001@sohu.com
Supported by:
China Agricultural Research System(CARS-15-18);HAAFS Science and Technology Innovation Special Project(2022KJCXZX-MHS-6)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究河北省中南部旱薄沙壤区有机肥替代部分化肥后棉田土壤养分状况、棉花产量性状与肥料投入收益情况,为有机肥替代减施化肥提供理论支持。【方法】设置不施肥对照、单施化肥与增施有机肥配合减施10%、30%、50%化肥共5个处理,采用随机区组设计,定位3 a后,测定不同处理土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷与速效钾含量,调查棉花产量性状,分析肥料投入收益情况。【结果】定位3 a后,增施有机肥可显著提升土壤有机质含量,各处理土壤全氮含量变化不明显,增施有机肥后,随着化肥减量增加,土壤速效磷和速效钾均呈降低趋势,但减施10%、30%化肥后土壤速效磷和速效钾与单施化肥差异不显著,减施50%化肥后显著下降;增施有机肥减施化肥后,通过影响棉花单株铃数影响棉花产量,减施10%与30%化肥后籽棉产量与单施化肥差异不显著,而减施50%化肥后籽棉产量显著降低;肥料投入收益以增施有机肥减施化肥10%与30%2个处理显著高于其它处理。【结论】在河北省中南部旱薄沙壤棉区,增施有机肥1 500 kg/hm²,减少化肥用量30%,可提高棉田土壤有机质,稳定棉花产量,实现肥料投入收益最大化。

关键词: 棉花; 有机肥; 减施化肥; 土壤养分; 产量收益

Abstract:

【Objective】 In the experiment the effects of manure replacing part chemical fertilizers on soil nutrient contents, cotton yield and returns of fertilizer inputs were studied in middle and south of Hebei province where the cotton lands were low fertility, dry and sandy. 【Method】 Adopting randomized block design 5 treatments including CK with no fertilizer, chemical fertilizers, manure replacing 10%, 30% and 50% chemical fertilizers respectively were designed to investigate soil organic matter, P₂O₅ and K₂O cotent, cotton yield traits and returns of fertilizer inputs. 【Result】 After 3 years of located fertilization the soil organic matter contents increased significantly with application of manure, but total N contents of all treatments kept stable.When applying manure the soil P₂O₅ and K₂O cotents decreased with the reduction of chemical fertilizers.The difference of soil P₂O₅ and K₂O cotents between treatments of chemical fertilizer and reducing 10% and 30% chemical fertilizers were not significant, while it decreased significantly when reducing 50% chemical fertilizers.Applying manure with reducing chemical fertilizers affected cotton yields through affecting boll numbers per plant.There were no significant differences for cotton yields between the treatments of chemical fertilizer and reducing 10% and 30% chemical fertilizers, while the cotton yields decreased significantly when reducing 50% chemical fertilizers.The returns of fertilizers input for applying manure with reducing 10% and 30% chemical fertilizers were significantly higher than other treatments. 【Conclusion】 In middle and south of Hebei province where the cotton lands were low fertility, dry and sandy applying manure 1,500 kg/hm² with reducing 30% chemical fertilizers can increase soil organic matter content, keep cotton yield stable and achieve the highest returns of fertilizer input.

Key words: cotton; manure; reducing chemical fertilizers; soil nutrients; cotton yield and return of fertilizer input

中图分类号:

S146
S562

石学萍, 张谦, 王燕, 董明, 祁虹, 冯国艺, 孙红春, 王树林. 有机肥替代部分化肥对棉田土壤养分含量与棉花产量收益的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(1): 192-196.

SHI Xueping, ZHANG Qian, WANG Yan, DONG Ming, QI Hong, FENG Guoyi, SUN Hongchun, WANG Shulin. Effects of Manure Replacing Part Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Nutrient Contents, Cotton Yields and Returns of Fertilizer Inputs[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(1): 192-196.

图/表 4

参考文献 10

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处理名称 Treat- ments	干鸡粪用量 Dry manure amount (kg/hm²)	N用量 N amount (kg/hm²)	P₂O₅用量 P₂O₅ amount (kg/hm²)	K₂O用量 K₂O amount (kg/hm²)
CK0	0	0	0	0
CKF	0	180	75	150
T₁	1 500	162	67.5	135
T₂	1 500	126	52.5	105
T₃	1 500	90	37.5	75

处理名称 Treat- ments	干鸡粪用量 Dry manure amount (kg/hm²)	N用量 N amount (kg/hm²)	P₂O₅用量 P₂O₅ amount (kg/hm²)	K₂O用量 K₂O amount (kg/hm²)
CK0	0	0	0	0
CKF	0	180	75	150
T₁	1 500	162	67.5	135
T₂	1 500	126	52.5	105
T₃	1 500	90	37.5	75

处理 Treatment	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
CK0	6.4^b	1.08^a	17.5^d	140^e
CKF	6.5^b	1.10^a	28.0^a	205^b
T₁	6.8^a	1.08^a	27.2^a	217^a
T₂	6.8^a	1.07^a	26.7^ab	203^b
T₃	6.7^a	1.09^a	26.3^b	186^c

处理 Treatment	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total N (g/kg)	速效磷 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)
CK0	6.4^b	1.08^a	17.5^d	140^e
CKF	6.5^b	1.10^a	28.0^a	205^b
T₁	6.8^a	1.08^a	27.2^a	217^a
T₂	6.8^a	1.07^a	26.7^ab	203^b
T₃	6.7^a	1.09^a	26.3^b	186^c

处理 Treatment	单株铃数 Bolls per plant (个)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm²)
CK0	13.4^c	4.8^b	40.1^a	3 306^c	1 326^c
CKF	15.8^a	5.1^a	38.9^b	4 109^ab	1 598^ab
T₁	16.0^a	5.2^a	38.5^b	4 245^a	1 634^a
T₂	15.5^ab	5.2^a	38.9^b	4 160^ab	1 618^ab
T₃	15.1^b	5.1^a	38.9^b	4 045^b	1 574^b

有机肥替代部分化肥对棉田土壤养分含量与棉花产量收益的影响

Effects of Manure Replacing Part Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Nutrient Contents, Cotton Yields and Returns of Fertilizer Inputs

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参考文献 10

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	有机肥投入 Investment of manure (yuan/hm²)	化肥投入 Investment of chemical fertilizer (yuan/hm²)	肥料总投入 Investment of fertilizer (yuan/hm²)	籽棉收益 Income of seed cotton (yuan/hm²)	肥料投入收益 Returns of fertilizer (yuan/hm²)
CK	0	0	0	21 820^c	-
CKF	0	2 429	2 429	27 119^ab	2 871^c
T₁	525	2 186	2 711	28 017^a	3 487^a
T₂	525	1 700	2 225	27 456^ab	3 411^a
T₃	525	1 214	1 739	26 697^b	3 138^b

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