盐碱麦田生物有机肥促生增产培肥效果

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.023

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (10): 2532-2540.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.023

• 植物保护·微生物·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

盐碱麦田生物有机肥促生增产培肥效果

左筱筱¹(), 颜安¹(), 宁松瑞², 杨利¹, 孙萌¹, 卢前成¹

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.西安理工大学/省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安 710048

收稿日期:2023-01-03 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-11-01
通信作者: 颜安(1983-),男,四川资阳人,教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为农业资源与环境,(E-mail)yanan@xjau.edu.cn
作者简介:左筱筱(1998-),女,四川内江人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤改良与培肥,(E-mail)zuoxiaoxiao710@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项“南疆盐碱地促生生物有机肥研制技术引进与推广”(2019E0245)

Study on the effect of Bio-Organic fertilizer on promoting growth and increasing yield in saline alkali wheat field

ZUO Xiaoxiao¹(), YAN An¹(), NING Songrui², YANG Li¹, SUN Meng¹, LU Qiancheng¹

1. College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048,China

Received:2023-01-03 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-11-01
Correspondence author: YAN An (1983 -), Male, from Ziyang, Sichuan;Ph.D.supervisor, Mainly engaged in agricultural resources and environmental research,(E-mail)yanan@xjau.edu.cn
Supported by:
Xinjiang Uygar Autonomous Regional Collaborative Innovation Special Project "Introduction and Promotion of the Development Technology of Promoting Biological Organic Fertilizer in Saline-Alkali Land in Southern Xinjiang"(2019E0245)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究不同生物有机肥对盐碱胁迫春小麦生长和土壤改良培肥的效果,为盐碱地的生物有机肥施用提供理论基础。【方法】 采用盆栽试验,设置9个处理:不施肥处理(CK),4种不同菌种及配比的生物有机肥(A、B、C、D),每种生物有机肥设2个施量水平(1 125,2 250 kg/hm²)。【结果】 与CK相比,施用生物有机肥后春小麦LAI、SPAD、理论产量、土壤有机质和速效养分含量等均显著增加(P<0.05),其中春小麦理论产量比CK处理增加了41.85%~74.93%,0~10 cm土层土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别比CK提高了19.57%~66.24%、20.73%~40.12%、37.70%~75.72%和11.98%~31.12%,10~20 cm土层土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别比CK提高了19.13%~74.63%、17.38%~29.93%、21.76%~59.52%和11.98%~31.12%,且随着生物有机肥施量的增加呈上升趋势;各施肥处理与不施肥CK相比显著降低了土壤pH和电导率(P<0.05),0~10 cm土层土壤pH、电导率分别比CK降低了2.55%~5.02%、10.33%~40.51%,10~20 cm土层土壤pH、电导率分别比CK降低了1.69%~4.20%、21.3%~43.60%。各施肥处理春小麦根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量显著高于CK(P<0.05),真菌数量显著低于CK(P<0.05),根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量随生物有机肥施量的增加呈上升趋势,真菌数量呈现下降趋势。【结论】 D生物有机肥(沼泽红假单胞菌∶肉桂褐链霉菌∶胶冻样芽孢杆菌∶枯草芽孢杆菌=1∶2∶2∶2)施用量为2 250 kg/hm²时,对盐碱土壤改良培肥和调节微生物数量结构作用效果较好,且促进了小麦生产量的提高。

关键词: 生物有机肥; 盐碱地; 土壤养分; 春小麦

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of different biological organic fertilizers on the growth of spring wheat under saline alkali stress and soil improvement and fertilization.Which provides a theoretical basis for the application of bioorganic fertilizer in saline alkali land.【Methods】 Through the pot experiment, nine treatments were set: no fertilization treatment (CK), four kinds of biological organic fertilizers with different strains and ratios (A, B, C and D).Each biological organic fertilizer was set with two application levels (1,125, 2,250 kg/hm²).【Results】 Compared with CK, LAI, SPAD, theoretical yield, soil organic matter and available nutrient content of spring wheat increased significantly after applying bioorganic fertilizer (P<0.05).The theoretical yield of spring wheat increased by 41.85%~74.93% compared with CK, and the contents of soil organic matter, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-10 cm soil layer increased by 19.57%-66.24%, 20.73%-40.12%, 37.70%-75.72% and 11.98%-31.12% respectively compared with CK.The contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 19.13%-74.63%, 17.38%-29.93%, 21.76%-59.52% and 11.98%-31.12% respectively compared with CK, and showed an upward trend with the increase of bioorganic fertilizer application; Compared with CK without fertilization, all fertilization treatments significantly reduced the soil pH and conductivity (P<0.05).The soil pH and conductivity in 0-10 cm soil layer were 2.55%-5.02% and 10.33%-40.51% lower than those of CK respectively.The soil pH and conductivity in 10-20 cm soil layer were 1.69%-4.20% and 21.3%-43.60% lower than those of CK respectively.The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of spring wheat was significantly higher than that of CK (P<0.05), and the number of fungi was significantly lower than that of CK (P<0.05).The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil increased with the increase of bioorganic fertilizer application, and the number of fungi decreased.【Conclusion】 When the application rate of bioorganic fertilizer D (Rhodopseudomonas palustris: Streptomyces cinnamofuscus: Bacillus mucilaginosus: Bacillus subtilis = 1:2:2:2) is 2,250 kg/hm², it has a good effect on the improvement and fertilization of saline alkali soil and the regulation of microbial quantitative structure, and promotes the increase of wheat production.

Key words: bioorganic fertilizer; saline alkali land; soil nutrients; spring wheat

中图分类号:

左筱筱, 颜安, 宁松瑞, 杨利, 孙萌, 卢前成. 盐碱麦田生物有机肥促生增产培肥效果[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(10): 2532-2540.

ZUO Xiaoxiao, YAN An, NING Songrui, YANG Li, SUN Meng, LU Qiancheng. Study on the effect of Bio-Organic fertilizer on promoting growth and increasing yield in saline alkali wheat field[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(10): 2532-2540.

图/表 10

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处理 Treatments	施量1 Application rate 1 (1 125 kg/hm²)	施量2 Application rate 2 (2 250 kg/hm²)
CK	/	/
A	A₁	A₂
B	B₁	B₂
C	C₁	C₂
D	D₁	D₂

处理 Treatments	施量1 Application rate 1 (1 125 kg/hm²)	施量2 Application rate 2 (2 250 kg/hm²)
CK	/	/
A	A₁	A₂
B	B₁	B₂
C	C₁	C₂
D	D₁	D₂

处理 Treatments	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗数 Panicle number (10⁴ /hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per panicle (粒)	千粒重 1000 grain weight (g)	理论产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
CK	8.03±0.10^c	487.28±18.99^a	18.30±0.58^b	31.33±1.00^c	2 969.33±111.25^c
A₁	9.22±0.59^b	509.85±13.71^a	26.70±4.16^a	37.95±1.94^ab	4 541.14±299.60^ab
A₂	9.75±0.24^ab	528.25±67.84^a	28.70±3.06^a	38.31±2.79^ab	4 870.87±172.79^ab
B₁	9.11±0.15^b	510.93±48.23^a	24.00±1.00^a	35.93±2.00^b	4 212.25±214.39^b
B₂	9.19±0.31^b	518.33±19.13^a	28.00±2.83^a	37.86±1.50^ab	4 565.46±234.36^ab
C₁	9.22±0.21^b	559.15±72.48^a	24.30±1.53^a	36.10±1.43^b	4 517.22±380.55^ab
C₂	9.55±0.02^ab	546.76±45.78^a	27.50±2.12^a	38.13±4.42^ab	4 798.89±514.37^ab
D₁	9.51±0.14^ab	580.61±6.69^a	27.00±7.07a	38.59±2.30^ab	4 774.79±232.06^ab
D₂	9.84±0.10^a	541.05±26.29^a	28.00±2.83^a	40.14±2.88^a	5 194.13±224.64^a

处理 Treatments	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗数 Panicle number (10⁴ /hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per panicle (粒)	千粒重 1000 grain weight (g)	理论产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
CK	8.03±0.10^c	487.28±18.99^a	18.30±0.58^b	31.33±1.00^c	2 969.33±111.25^c
A₁	9.22±0.59^b	509.85±13.71^a	26.70±4.16^a	37.95±1.94^ab	4 541.14±299.60^ab
A₂	9.75±0.24^ab	528.25±67.84^a	28.70±3.06^a	38.31±2.79^ab	4 870.87±172.79^ab
B₁	9.11±0.15^b	510.93±48.23^a	24.00±1.00^a	35.93±2.00^b	4 212.25±214.39^b
B₂	9.19±0.31^b	518.33±19.13^a	28.00±2.83^a	37.86±1.50^ab	4 565.46±234.36^ab
C₁	9.22±0.21^b	559.15±72.48^a	24.30±1.53^a	36.10±1.43^b	4 517.22±380.55^ab
C₂	9.55±0.02^ab	546.76±45.78^a	27.50±2.12^a	38.13±4.42^ab	4 798.89±514.37^ab
D₁	9.51±0.14^ab	580.61±6.69^a	27.00±7.07a	38.59±2.30^ab	4 774.79±232.06^ab
D₂	9.84±0.10^a	541.05±26.29^a	28.00±2.83^a	40.14±2.88^a	5 194.13±224.64^a

处理 Treat- ments	细菌 Bacteria ( 10⁶ cfu/g)	真菌 Fungus ( 10⁴ cfu/g)	放线菌 Actinomycetes ( 10⁵ cfu/g)
CK	1.15±0.07^d	4.95±0.49^a	2.40±0.14^e
A₁	2.85±0.07^bc	3.35±1.48^b	5.25±0.49^bc
A₂	3.55±0.01^b	1.45±0.49^cde	5.55±0.91^b
B₁	2.30±0.04^c	0.76±0.21^e	3.75±0.49^d
B₂	2.70±0.06^bc	0.61±0.21^e	4.80±0.28^bcd
C₁	2.35±0.01^c	0.93±0.01^de	4.20±1.13^cd
C₂	3.25±0.08^bc	0.89±0.01^e	4.80±0.28^bcd
D₁	3.40±0.04^b	2.65±0.77^bc	5.35±0.21^bc
D₂	5.150±0.06^a	2.30±0.14^bcd	7.00±0.42^a

盐碱麦田生物有机肥促生增产培肥效果

Study on the effect of Bio-Organic fertilizer on promoting growth and increasing yield in saline alkali wheat field

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Metrics

项目 Projects	特征值 Characteristic value	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate (%)	累积方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution rate (%)
主成分1 Principal component 1	15.957	88.649	88.649
主成分2 Principal component 2	1.004	5.575	94.224

项目 Projects	主成分1 Principal component 1		主成分2 Principal component 2
项目 Projects	载荷值 Load value	特征向量 Feature vector	载荷值 Load value	特征向量 Feature vector
LAI(X₁)	0.946	0.237	-0.133	-0.133
SPAD(X₂)	0.946	0.237	-0.104	-0.104
产量(X₃)	0.978	0.245	-0.127	-0.126
0~10 cm pH(X₄)	-0.987	-0.247	-0.067	-0.067
10~20 cm pH(X₅)	-0.962	-0.241	-0.160	-0.160
0~10 cm电导率(X₆)	-0.966	-0.242	0.109	0.108
10~20 cm电导率(X₇)	-0.973	-0.244	-0.070	-0.069
0~10 cm有机质(X₈)	0.938	0.235	0.127	0.126
10~20 cm有机质(X₉)	0.894	0.224	0.077	0.077
0~10 cm碱解氮(X₁₀)	0.985	0.246	-0.083	-0.083
10~20 cm碱解氮(X₁₁)	0.967	0.242	-0.144	-0.144
0~10 cm速效钾(X₁₂)	0.981	0.246	-0.054	-0.054
10~20 cm速效钾(X₁₃)	0.956	0.239	0.122	0.122
0~10 cm速效磷(X₁₅)	0.985	0.246	0.022	0.022
10~20 cm速效磷(X₁₆)	0.970	0.243	0.023	0.023
细菌(X₁₇)	0.943	0.236	0.294	0.293
真菌(X₁₈)	-0.514	-0.129	0.832	0.831
放线菌(X₁₉)	0.954	0.239	0.254	0.253

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