不同施肥处理对盆栽辣椒土壤酶活性及土壤微生物含量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.014

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (9): 2200-2208.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.014

• 园艺特产·贮藏保鲜加工·土壤肥料·节水灌溉·草业·食品工艺技术 • 上一篇下一篇

不同施肥处理对盆栽辣椒土壤酶活性及土壤微生物含量的影响

彭宇(), 闫会转(), 肖中林, 贾凯, 燕存尧, 王妍欣

新疆农业大学园艺学院/新疆特色园艺作物种质资源与高校生产实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2021-11-02 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2023-01-16
通信作者: 闫会转
作者简介:彭宇（1996-），女，陕西咸阳人，硕士研究生，研究方向为蔬菜栽培与生理。（E-mail）1454699547@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“绿洲农业生态区露地蔬菜化肥农药减施技术模式建立与示范”(2018YFD0201205-3);新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科基金(2016-10758-3)

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Enzyme Activity and Soil Microbial Content of Potted Pepper

PENG Yu(), YAN Huizhuan(), XIAO Zhonglin, JIA Kai, YAN Cunyao, WANG Yanxin

College of Horticulture ， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi 830052， China

Received:2021-11-02 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2023-01-16
Correspondence author: YAN Huizhuan
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program “Establishment and Demonstration of Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Application Reduction Technology Model for Oasis Agroecological Zone Open Field Vegetables”(2018YFD0201205-3);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Horticulture Key Discipline Fund Project(2016-10758-3)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究氨基酸液体有机肥替代部分化肥施用后土酶活性、微生物含量的变化。【方法】 采用盆栽试验，选择2个不同品种的辣椒各设置6组处理，分别为处理CK（不施用氨基酸液体有机肥，化肥100%），T₁（氮肥减量30%+氨基酸液体有机肥）、T₂（氮肥减量35%+氨基酸液体有机肥）、T₃（氮肥减量40%+氨基酸液体有机肥）、T₄（氮肥减量45%+氨基酸液体有机肥）和T₅（氮肥减量50%+氨基酸液体有机肥），研究不同梯度的氮肥减施并配施氨基酸液体有机肥后对土壤生物学性状及养分含量的影响，分析其相关性。【结果】 氨基酸液体有机肥替代不同比例的化肥后，2个品种的辣椒均显示土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脱氢酶活性增强，酶活性显示出先升高后变平缓或减低的趋势，酶活性会随着有机肥替代量不是成正比的关系；提高土壤细菌、放线菌的含量，抑制真菌含量；氨基酸液体有机肥替代的处理较CK对于土壤pH这项指标均表现出增高，但增高不显著。【结论】 氮肥减施并配施氨基酸液体有机化可以为有机肥缓解土壤酸化、降低EC值，T₄的替代量为最佳替代量。

关键词: 辣椒; 有机肥; 化肥减施; 土壤酶活性; 微生物含量

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of soil enzyme activity and microbial content after liquid amino acid organic fertilizer was substituted for partial chemical fertilizer. Six treatments of CK （no liquid organic fertilizer， 100% chemical fertilizer） were applied to two different varieties of hot pepper， T₁ （30% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， T₂ （35% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， T₃ （40% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， T₄ （45% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer） and T₅ （50% nitrogen fertilizer loss + amino acid liquid organic fertilizer）， the effects of nitrogen fertilizer with different gradient and amino acid liquid organic fertilizer on soil biological characteristics and nutrient content were studied， and the correlation was analyzed. After Amino acid liquid organic fertilizer replaced different proportion of chemical fertilizer， the urease activity， the Catalase activity and the dehydrogenase activity of both varieties of hot pepper increased， and the enzyme activity showed the trend of first increasing， then becoming flat or decreasing， the results showed that the enzyme activity was not proportional to the amount of organic manure， but increased the content of bacteria and actinomycetes and inhibited the content of fungi compared with CK， the value of soil pH increased in the treatment of amino acid liquid organic fertilizer， but the increase was not significant. It can provide theoretical support for organic manure to alleviate soil acidification， reduce EC value and further improve soil quality. It is considered that the substitution quantity of T₄ is the best.

Key words: pepper; organic fertilizer; chemical fertilizer reducing application; enzyme activity; microbial content

中图分类号:

S641.3

彭宇, 闫会转, 肖中林, 贾凯, 燕存尧, 王妍欣. 不同施肥处理对盆栽辣椒土壤酶活性及土壤微生物含量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(9): 2200-2208.

PENG Yu, YAN Huizhuan, XIAO Zhonglin, JIA Kai, YAN Cunyao, WANG Yanxin. Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Enzyme Activity and Soil Microbial Content of Potted Pepper[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(9): 2200-2208.

图/表 9

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处理 Treatment 时期Period		CK	T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄	T₅
尿素 Carbamide （g/盆）	总施氮量	25.45	17.83	16.55	15.27	14	12.73
	基施	10.18	7.13	6.62	6.11	5.6	5.09
	门椒膨大期（20%）	3.05	2.14	1.99	1.83	1.68	1.53
	对椒膨大期（30%）	4.58	3.21	2.98	2.75	2.52	2.29
	盛果期（50%）	7.64	5.35	4.96	4.58	4.2	3.82
氨基酸液体肥料 Amino acid organic fertilizer （mL/盆）	总氨基酸肥	—	59.21	69.18	79.16	89.01	98.85
	门椒膨大期	—	11.79	13.73	15.81	17.75	19.69
	对椒膨大期	—	17.75	20.73	23.71	26.69	29.67
	盛果期	—	29.67	34.72	39.64	44.57	49.49

处理 Treatment 时期Period		CK	T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄	T₅
尿素 Carbamide （g/盆）	总施氮量	25.45	17.83	16.55	15.27	14	12.73
	基施	10.18	7.13	6.62	6.11	5.6	5.09
	门椒膨大期（20%）	3.05	2.14	1.99	1.83	1.68	1.53
	对椒膨大期（30%）	4.58	3.21	2.98	2.75	2.52	2.29
	盛果期（50%）	7.64	5.35	4.96	4.58	4.2	3.82
氨基酸液体肥料 Amino acid organic fertilizer （mL/盆）	总氨基酸肥	—	59.21	69.18	79.16	89.01	98.85
	门椒膨大期	—	11.79	13.73	15.81	17.75	19.69
	对椒膨大期	—	17.75	20.73	23.71	26.69	29.67
	盛果期	—	29.67	34.72	39.64	44.57	49.49

类别 Categories	羊粪 Sheep ung	过磷酸钙 CaP₂H₄O₈	硫酸钾 K₂SO₄	磷酸二氢钾 KH₂PO₄
时期 Period	羊粪 Sheep ung	过磷酸钙 CaP₂H₄O₈	硫酸钾 K₂SO₄	磷酸二氢钾 KH₂PO₄
基施 Base manure	260	11.08	11.25	--
门椒膨大期 Expanding period of portal capsicum	--	--	2.87	0.77
对椒膨大期 Expanding period of counter capsicum			4.31	1.15
盛果期 Full fruiting period			7.18	1.92

类别 Categories	羊粪 Sheep ung	过磷酸钙 CaP₂H₄O₈	硫酸钾 K₂SO₄	磷酸二氢钾 KH₂PO₄
时期 Period	羊粪 Sheep ung	过磷酸钙 CaP₂H₄O₈	硫酸钾 K₂SO₄	磷酸二氢钾 KH₂PO₄
基施 Base manure	260	11.08	11.25	--
门椒膨大期 Expanding period of portal capsicum	--	--	2.87	0.77
对椒膨大期 Expanding period of counter capsicum			4.31	1.15
盛果期 Full fruiting period			7.18	1.92

处理 Treatments		放线菌 Actinomycetes （10⁴ cfu/g）	细菌 Bacteria （10⁴ cfu/g）	真菌 Fungus （10·cfu/g）
石研天椒 Shiyantianjiao	CK	22.33±0.82^c	18.33±1.25^c	58.33±5.25^a
	T₁	25.67±3.30^b	19.00±3.56^c	49.67±4.03^b
	T₂	32.00±3.74^ab	21.33±3.77^c	36.33±3.30^c
	T₃	33.33±4.03^a	34.00±2.16^b	35.33±4.11^c
	T₄	34.33±3.30^a	63.00±4.55^a	26.33±2.87^d
	T₅	38.00±0.82^a	57.33±1.25^a	19.33±2.05^d
红龙23号 Honglong23	CK	14.67±1.25^b	40.00±0.82^b	61.00±3.74^a
	T₁	19.00±4.9^ab	52.33±6.34^a	38.00±2.16^b
	T₂	22.33±1.89^ab	44.33±2.05^ab	38.00±5.10^b
	T₃	16.00±5.72^ab	40.00±2.94^b	30.67±2.62^b
	T₄	23.67±4.64^ab	47.33±2.87^ab	32.67±5.44^b
	T₅	24.00±3.4^a	42.33±3.86^b	33.67±2.49^b

不同施肥处理对盆栽辣椒土壤酶活性及土壤微生物含量的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Enzyme Activity and Soil Microbial Content of Potted Pepper

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Metrics

	酸碱度 pH	EC	脲酶 Urease	过氧化氢酶 Catalase	脱氢酶 Dehydrogenase	放线菌 Actinomycetes	细菌 Bacteria	真菌 Fungus
酸碱度 pH	1.000	-0.031	0.915	0.885	0.683	0.956	0.903	-0.962
EC	0.049	1.000	-0.027	0.139	0.290	0.046	-0.441	-0.026
脲酶 Urease	0.902	0.398	1.000	0.763	0.889	0.916	0.866	-0.967
过氧化氢酶 Catalase	0.075	0.675	0.421	1.000	0.610	0.949	0.693	-0.896
脱氢酶 Dehydrogenase	0.406	0.651	0.440	0.145	1.000	0.767	0.549	-0.830
放线菌 Actinomycetes	0.768	0.633	0.889	0.380	0.780	1.000	0.828	-0.988
细菌 Bacteria	0.079	0.353	0.145	0.492	0.517	0.370	1.000	-0.858
真菌 Fungus	-0.523	-0.504	-0.763	-0.862	-0.153	-0.580	-0.283	1.000

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