Effects of seed fertilizer separation on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield formation of winter wheat

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To reveal the response mechanism of winter wheat to seed fertilizer separation spacing by studying the effects of seed fertilizer separation on the growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield formation of winter wheat in Xinjiang Tacheng area in the hope of providing technical support for the high-yield cultivation of winter wheat in Tae Basin. 【Methods】A randomized block design was conducted, and four treatments B₁ (0 cm), B₂ (4 cm), B₃ (6 cm) and B₄ (8 cm) were set up at the separation distance of seed fertilizer and then the effects of different treatments on the emergence rate, leaf area index, SPAD value, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield formation of winter wheat were studied, taking local field production as CK. 【Results】With the increase of seed fertilizer spacing in the range, wheat emergence rate, leaf area index, SPAD value, dry matter accumulation, panicle number, kernel number per spike and yield all showed an increasing trend, and B₄ (8 cm) reached the maximum level. Compared with CK, the seed separation rate was significantly increased by 4.45%, panicle number increased by 4.32%, kernel number increased by 16.73% and yield increased by 5.46%. The yield was B₄ > B₃ > B₂ > CK > B₁, and the difference between B₄ and B₁, B₂ and B₃ was significant, with a significant increase of 9.35%, 3.14% and 2.25%. 【Conclusion】Adjusting the separation distance of winter wheat seed fertilizer in a certain range can improve the effect of fertilizer, increase seedling emergence rate and leaf area index, and affect winter wheat yield and yield composition. In this experimental study, B₄ performs best.

Key words: winter wheat; seed fertilizer; seedling emergence rate; dry matter; yield

摘要：

【目的】研究种肥分离对新疆塔城地区冬小麦生长发育、光合特性、干物质积累量、分配及产量的形成,揭示冬小麦对种肥分离间距的响应机制,为新疆塔额盆地冬小麦节肥高产栽培提供技术支撑。【方法】试验采用随机区组设计,种肥分离间距共设4个处理:B₁(0 cm)、B₂(4 cm)、B₃(6 cm)和B₄(8 cm),以当地大田生产为CK,研究不同处理对冬小麦出苗率、叶面积指数、SPAD值、光合特性、干物质积累量、分配及产量形成的影响。【结果】一定范围内增大种肥间距,冬小麦出苗率、叶面积指数、SPAD值、干物质积累量、穗数、穗粒数和产量均呈增大趋势,B₄(8 cm)达到最大水平,与CK相比,种肥分离出苗率显著提高4.45%,穗数显著提高4.32%、穗粒数显著提高16.73%、产量提高5.46%;产量表现为B₄>B₃>B₂>CK>B₁,B₄与B₁、B₂、B₃差异均显著性水平,显著提高9.35%、3.14%和2.25%。【结论】一定范围内调整冬小麦种肥分离的距离可以提高肥料的作用效果,提高出苗率、叶面积指数,影响冬小麦产量及产量构成;B₄表现最佳。

关键词: 冬小麦, 种肥, 出苗率, 干物质, 产量

CLC Number:

S512

SUN Ganggang, GUO Fei, NIE Lingfan, TIAN Wenqiang, WANG Hongyi, SHI Yongqing, WU Li, AI Hongyu, ZHANG Jinshan, SHI Shubing. Effects of seed fertilizer separation on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield formation of winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 593-599.

孙刚刚, 郭飞, 聂凌帆, 田文强, 王泓懿, 史永清, 吴利, 艾红玉, 张金汕, 石书兵. 种肥分离对冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和产量形成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 593-599.

Figures/Tables 7

References 19

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处理 Treat- ments	Pn(μmol/ (m²·s²))	Tr(mmol/ (m²·s))	Gs(mmol/ (m²·s))	Ci (μmol/mol)
B₁	15.60^b	5.53^a	592.67^b	490.00^ab
B₂	16.13^b	4.83^a	601.00^b	493.00^ab
B₃	19.67^ab	5.80^a	677.67^ab	501.67^ab
B₄	20.57^a	5.10^a	789.67^a	511.33^a
CK	19.02^ab	5.43^a	531.00^b	481.67^b

处理 Treat- ments	Pn(μmol/ (m²·s²))	Tr(mmol/ (m²·s))	Gs(mmol/ (m²·s))	Ci (μmol/mol)
B₁	15.60^b	5.53^a	592.67^b	490.00^ab
B₂	16.13^b	4.83^a	601.00^b	493.00^ab
B₃	19.67^ab	5.80^a	677.67^ab	501.67^ab
B₄	20.57^a	5.10^a	789.67^a	511.33^a
CK	19.02^ab	5.43^a	531.00^b	481.67^b

处理 Trea- tments	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	叶片 Leaf	颖壳+穗轴 Glume and cob	籽粒 Grain
处理 Trea- tments	分配率 Distribution rates(%)	分配率 Distribution rates(%)	分配率 Distribution rates(%)	分配率 Distribution rates(%)
B₁	36.25^a	5.99^ab	11.37^a	46.39^ab
B₂	35.32^a	5.28^b	12.57^a	46.73^ab
B₃	33.96^a	6.56^ab	12.74^a	46.83^ab
B₄	33.29^a	6.83^a	12.19^a	47.69^a
CK	34.61^a	5.92^ab	13.52^a	45.95^b

处理 Trea- tments	茎鞘 Stem and sheath	叶片 Leaf	颖壳+穗轴 Glume and cob	籽粒 Grain
处理 Trea- tments	分配率 Distribution rates(%)	分配率 Distribution rates(%)	分配率 Distribution rates(%)	分配率 Distribution rates(%)
B₁	36.25^a	5.99^ab	11.37^a	46.39^ab
B₂	35.32^a	5.28^b	12.57^a	46.73^ab
B₃	33.96^a	6.56^ab	12.74^a	46.83^ab
B₄	33.29^a	6.83^a	12.19^a	47.69^a
CK	34.61^a	5.92^ab	13.52^a	45.95^b

处理 Trea- tments	穗数 Spikelet (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
B₁	690.33^c	35.07^bc	41.60^a	6 830.77^d
B₂	736.33^b	36.07^abc	41.11^a	7 083.80^c
B₃	743.00^b	37.67^ab	41.77^a	7 305.94^b
B₄	764.67^a	39.07^a	41.18^a	7 470.04^a
CK	733.00^b	34.20^c	40.88^a	7 062.10^c