库尔勒香梨漫滴结合模式的灌溉制度分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.011

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (6): 1388-1396.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.011

• 园艺特产·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

库尔勒香梨漫滴结合模式的灌溉制度分析

兖攀¹(), 郑强卿¹(), 陈奇凌¹, 吉光鹏², 牛蛉磊²

1.新疆农垦科学院林园研究所/新疆农垦科学院铁门关试验站/库尔勒香梨种质创新与提质增效兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000
2.新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆图木舒克 843900

收稿日期:2024-11-07 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-07-29
通信作者: 郑强卿(1980-),男,硕士,研究员,研究方向为果树栽培,(E-mail)zhengqq369@163.com
作者简介:兖攀(1986-),男,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向为果树栽培,(E-mail)494594365@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团农业科技创新工程专项(NCG202312);第三师图木舒克市重点领域科技攻关计划(KY2021GG07);新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目(2021AA005);新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目(2019AA004);新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划项目(2020DA004)

Study on irrigation scheduling of korla fragrant pear under flood combines drip irrigation mode

YAN Pan¹(), ZHENG Qiangqing¹(), CHEN Qiling¹, JI Guangpeng², NIU Linglei²

1. Tiemenguan Test Station of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences / Key Laboratory of Korla Fragrant Pear Germplasm Innovation and Quality Improvement and Efficiency Increment of XPCC/Institute of Forestry and Horticulture of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
2. Agricultural Science Research Institute of the Third Division of XPCC, Tumshuk Xinjiang 843900, China

Received:2024-11-07 Published:2025-06-20 Online:2025-07-29
Supported by:
Special Project for Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(NCG202312);Third Division Tumushuke City Key Field Science and Technology Tackling Plan(KY2021GG07);Major science and technology projects of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2021AA005);Major science and technology projects of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2019AA004);Financial Science and Technology Plan Project of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2020DA004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同灌溉方式对塔里木盆地西北缘草甸土库尔勒香梨园对土壤含水量、产量和品质的影响,建立库尔勒香梨园漫灌结合滴灌模式下的灌溉制度。【方法】根据研究区的土壤水分物理性质,设计4种滴灌方式,通过Diviner 2000调查土壤含水量,比较产量和品质。【结果】慢速充分滴灌下的土壤含水量可达田间持水量的92%,快速滴灌显著降低了湿润效果。在萌芽期和幼果期,土壤含水量占田间持水量的30%~55%,在膨果期和成熟期,土壤含水量占田间持水量的65%~85%。萌芽期的土壤储水量为80 mm,约为幼果期的1/2,膨果期和成熟期的1/3。萌芽期和花期的耗水量较小,均低于50 mm,幼果期的耗水量显著增大,大于150 mm,膨果期达到顶峰,超过200 mm。慢速充分滴灌下的单果重显著提升,产量提升34%。【结论】漫滴结合模式适宜的滴灌定额为50 m³,漫灌1次,滴灌4次,灌溉定额为5 250 m³/hm²,节水42%,单产1 235 kg/667m²。根据土壤储水量和耗水量变化规律,优化后的灌溉制度为漫灌1次,滴灌7次,灌溉定额为7 500 m³/hm²,节水17%。

关键词: 土壤水分物理性质; 滴灌; Diviner 2000; 土壤含水量; 灌溉制度

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different irrigation methods on soil moisture content, yield, and quality and establish an irrigation system under the combination of flood irrigation and drip irrigation in Korla pear orchard by using the Korla Fragrant Pear Orchard at meadow soil in the northwest of Tarim Basin as the research object. 【Methods】 According to the physical properties of soil moisture in the study area, four drip irrigation methods were designed to investigate the soil water content by Diviner 2000 and compare the yield and quality. 【Results】 The soil water content under slow-full drip irrigation could reach 92% of the field capacity, fast-full drip irrigation significantly reduced the wetting effect. In the germination stage and young fruit stage, the soil water content accounted for 30%-55% of the field moisture capacity, and in the fruit expansion stage and ripening stage, the soil water content accounted for 65%-85% of the field moisture capacity. The soil water storage capacity during the budding stage was 80 mm, which was about half of that during the young fruit stage and one-third of that during the swelling and ripening stages. The water consumption during the budding and flowering stages was relatively small, both below 50 mm. The water consumption during the young fruit stage significantly increased, exceeding 150 mm, and the swelling stage reached its peak, exceeding 200 mm. The single fruit weight significantly increased under slow and full drip irrigation, resulting in a 34% increase in yield. 【Conclusion】 The suitable drip irrigation quota for the mixed drip mode is 50 m³, with one flood irrigation and four drip irrigation, and when the irrigation quota is 5,250 m³/hm², 42% water can be saved and yield arrive at 1,235 kg/667m². According to the changes in soil water storage and consumption, the optimized irrigation system consists of one flood irrigation and seven drip irrigation, with an irrigation quota of 7,500 m³/hm², thus saving 17% water.

Key words: physical properties of soil water; diviner 2000; drip irrigation; soil water content; irrigation scheduling

中图分类号:

兖攀, 郑强卿, 陈奇凌, 吉光鹏, 牛蛉磊. 库尔勒香梨漫滴结合模式的灌溉制度分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1388-1396.

YAN Pan, ZHENG Qiangqing, CHEN Qiling, JI Guangpeng, NIU Linglei. Study on irrigation scheduling of korla fragrant pear under flood combines drip irrigation mode[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(6): 1388-1396.

图/表 12

参考文献 20

[1]	GB/T 50363—2018. 节水灌溉工程技术标准[S].
	GB/T 50363—2018. Technical specification for water-saving irrigation project[S].
[2]	Burnham M, Ma Z, Zhu D L. The human dimensions of water saving irrigation: lessons learned from Chinese smallholder farmers[J]. Agriculture and Human Values, 2015, 32(2): 347-360.
[3]	孙景生, 康绍忠. 我国水资源利用现状与节水灌溉发展对策[J]. 农业工程学报, 2000, 16(2): 1-5.
	SUN Jingsheng, KANG Shaozhong. Present situation of water resources usage and developing countermeasures of water-saving irrigation in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2000, 16(2): 1-5.
[4]	山仑. 我国节水农业发展中的科技问题[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2003, 21(1): 1-5.
	SHAN Lun. Issues of science and technology on water saving agricultural development in China[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2003, 21(1): 1-5.
[5]	Jensen C R, Battilani A, Plauborg F, et al. Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2010, 98(3): 403-413.
[6]	da Silva Amorim M, da Silva Toyosumi I, do Amorim Lopes W, et al. Partial rootzone drying and regulated deficit irrigation can be used as water-saving strategies without compromising fruit yield and quality in tropically grown sweet orange[J]. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 2021, 96(5): 663-672.
[7]	Schulze K, Spreer W, Keil A, et al. Mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Nam Dokmai) production in Northern Thailand—Costs and returns under extreme weather conditions and different irrigation treatments[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2013, 126(8): 46-55.
[8]	de Lima R S N, de Assis Figueiredo F A M M, Martins A O, et al. Partial rootzone drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) effects on stomatal conductance, growth, photosynthetic capacity, and water-use efficiency of Papaya[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2015, 183: 13-22.
[9]	Qiujin, Junjian You, Meixiang Xie, et al. Drip Irrigation Reduced Fertilizer Nitrogen Loss from Lettuce Field—A Case Study Based on 15N Tracing Technique[J]. Water, 2022, 14(4): 675-675.
[10]	Zhang S Y, Zhang G C, Gu S Y, et al. Critical responses of photosynthetic efficiency of goldspur apple tree to soil water variation in semiarid loess hilly area[J]. Photosynthetica, 2010, 48(4): 589-595.
[11]	徐胜利, 陈小青. 膜下调亏灌溉对香梨产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2003, 40(1): 6-9.
	XU Shengli, CHEN Xiaoqing. Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on yield and quality of Xiang li pear[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2003, 40(1): 6-9.
[12]	吉光鹏, 姜继元, 牛蛉磊, 等. “库尔勒香梨” 根系分布及不同流量点源入渗湿润体特征[J]. 北方园艺, 2021,(4): 10-16.
	JI Guangpeng, JIANG Jiyuan, NIU Linglei, et al. Characterstics of root distribution and wetting body of infiltration with different flow rate for ‘Korla pear’[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2021,(4): 10-16.
[13]	武阳, 王伟, 雷廷武, 等. 调亏灌溉对滴灌成龄香梨果树生长及果实产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(11): 118-124.
	WU Yang, WANG Wei, LEI Tingwu, et al. Impact of regulated deficit irrigation on growth and fruit yield of mature fragrant pear trees under trickle irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(11): 118-124.
[14]	Vélez-Sánchez J E, Balaguera-López H E, Alvarez-Herrera J G. Effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on the production and quality of pear Triunfo de Viena variety under tropical conditions[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2021, 278: 109880.
[15]	刘洪波, 张江辉, 白云岗, 等. 滴灌条件下库尔勒香梨耗水特征分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2014, 51(12): 2206-2211.
	LIU Hongbo, ZHANG Jianghui, BAI Yungang, et al. Water consumption characteristics of Korla pear under drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 51(12): 2206-2211.
[16]	邓忠, 翟国亮, 冯俊杰, 等. 库尔勒香梨覆膜滴灌效应研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2011, 30(4): 68-71.
	DENG Zhong, ZHAI Guoliang, FENG Junjie, et al. Effects of film mulching drip irrigation on Korla fragrant pear[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2011, 30(4): 68-71.
[17]	晏清洪, 王伟, 任德新, 等. 不同微灌方式对成龄库尔勒香梨生长及耗水规律的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2011, 30(3): 86-89, 99.
	YAN Qinghong, WANG Wei, REN Dexin, et al. Effects of micro-irrigation modes on the growth and water consumption of mature Korla fragrant pear trees[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2011, 30(3): 86-89, 99.
[18]	刘子义, 汤春榜, 熊学军. 香梨滴灌试验[J]. 新疆农垦科技, 1990, 13(4): 36-40.
	LIU Ziyi, TANG Chunbang, XIONG Xuejun. Drip irrigation experiment of fragrant pear[J]. Xinjiang Farm Research of Science and Technology, 1990, 13(4): 36-40.
[19]	吴克宁, 赵瑞. 土壤质地分类及其在我国应用探讨[J]. 土壤学报, 2019, 56(1): 227-241.
	WU Kening, ZHAO Rui. Soil texture classification and its application in China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2019, 56(1): 227-241.
[20]	Cao X Q, Yang P L, Engel B A, et al. The effects of rainfall and irrigation on cherry root water uptake under drip irrigation[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2018, 197: 9-18.

土壤深度 Soil depth(cm)	≤0.01 mm/g	0.01~0.1 mm/g	0.1~0.25 mm/g	0.25~0.5 mm/g	0.5~1 mm/g	≥1 mm/g
0~20	47.3±8.5^Ab	14.9±0.3^BCa	15.7±3.1^Ba	7.5±2.7^CDa	9.0±2.7^BCDa	3.7±0.7^Da
20~40	60.4±8.1^Aab	17.8±3.9^Ba	9.8±4.1^BCb	3.6±2.0^Cb	4.1±3.7^Cb	2.4±1.8^Ca
40~60	71.5±2.0^Aa	10.5±0.7^Ba	7.6±1.8^Bb	3.3±0.2^Cb	3.2±1.7^Cb	3.0±1.4^Ca
60~80	67.2±9.2^Aa	13.1±6.4^Ba	9.7±1.5^BCb	3.8±0.7^Cb	3.0±1.9^Cb	1.6±0.2^Ca

土壤深度 Soil depth(cm)	≤0.01 mm/g	0.01~0.1 mm/g	0.1~0.25 mm/g	0.25~0.5 mm/g	0.5~1 mm/g	≥1 mm/g
0~20	47.3±8.5^Ab	14.9±0.3^BCa	15.7±3.1^Ba	7.5±2.7^CDa	9.0±2.7^BCDa	3.7±0.7^Da
20~40	60.4±8.1^Aab	17.8±3.9^Ba	9.8±4.1^BCb	3.6±2.0^Cb	4.1±3.7^Cb	2.4±1.8^Ca
40~60	71.5±2.0^Aa	10.5±0.7^Ba	7.6±1.8^Bb	3.3±0.2^Cb	3.2±1.7^Cb	3.0±1.4^Ca
60~80	67.2±9.2^Aa	13.1±6.4^Ba	9.7±1.5^BCb	3.8±0.7^Cb	3.0±1.9^Cb	1.6±0.2^Ca

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	容重 Soil bulk density (g/cm³)	比重 Soil density (g/cm³)	非毛管孔隙度 Non capillary pores(%)	毛管孔隙度 Soil capillary porosity(%)	最大持水量 Maximum water capacity(%)	毛管持水量 Capillary water capacity(%)	田间持水量 Field water capacity(%)
0~20	1.43±0.02^b	2.68±0.02^a	3.2±0.3^a	37.6±1.0^c	26.5±1.4^b	24.7±1.3^b	20.9±2.6^a
20~40	1.48±0.05^ab	2.68±0.05^a	2.9±0.5^a	39.5±2.1^bc	28.7±2.1^ab	26.8±2.3^ab	21.7±2.5^a
40~60	1.44±0.04^ab	2.71±0.15^a	3.3±0.3^a	41.8±1.9^b	31.5±2.4^a	29.0±2.1^a	22.3±3.1^a
60~80	1.51±0.01^a	2.74±0.11^a	3.3±0.4^a	44.9±0.5^a	31.9±0.3^a	29.8±0.5^a	25.0±0.5^a

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	容重 Soil bulk density (g/cm³)	比重 Soil density (g/cm³)	非毛管孔隙度 Non capillary pores(%)	毛管孔隙度 Soil capillary porosity(%)	最大持水量 Maximum water capacity(%)	毛管持水量 Capillary water capacity(%)	田间持水量 Field water capacity(%)
0~20	1.43±0.02^b	2.68±0.02^a	3.2±0.3^a	37.6±1.0^c	26.5±1.4^b	24.7±1.3^b	20.9±2.6^a
20~40	1.48±0.05^ab	2.68±0.05^a	2.9±0.5^a	39.5±2.1^bc	28.7±2.1^ab	26.8±2.3^ab	21.7±2.5^a
40~60	1.44±0.04^ab	2.71±0.15^a	3.3±0.3^a	41.8±1.9^b	31.5±2.4^a	29.0±2.1^a	22.3±3.1^a
60~80	1.51±0.01^a	2.74±0.11^a	3.3±0.4^a	44.9±0.5^a	31.9±0.3^a	29.8±0.5^a	25.0±0.5^a

处理 Treat- ment	方法 Method	灌水定额 Irrigation quota (m³/hm²)	滴灌量 Drip irrigation volume (m³/667m²)	滴头流量 Drip head flow rate (L/h)	滴灌速度 Drip irrigation speed	小区面积 Plot area (m²)	滴灌时间 Drip irrigation time (h)
CK	漫灌	2 250	150	\	\	568.8	\
T₁	慢速充分滴灌	783	52.2	2	慢	568.8	15.0
T₂	快速充分滴灌	783	52.2	20	快	568.8	9.0
T₃	快速调亏滴灌	558	37.2	20	快	568.8	6.4
T₄	快速亏缺滴灌	333	22.2	20	快	568.8	3.8

库尔勒香梨漫滴结合模式的灌溉制度分析

Study on irrigation scheduling of korla fragrant pear under flood combines drip irrigation mode

在线阅读

PDF下载

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 12

参考文献 20

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

处理 Treat- ment	冬灌或春灌 Winter or spring irrigation (m³/667m²)	5月May (m³/667m²)	6月June (m³/667m²)	7月July (m³/667m²)	8月August (m³/667m²)	灌溉定额 Total irrigation quota (m³/667m²)	灌溉定额 Total irrigation quota (m³/hm²)
CK	150	150		150	150	600	9 000
T₁	150		52.2	52.2	104.4	359	5 382
T₂	150	150	52.2	52.2	156.6	561	8 415
T₃	150	150	37.2	37.2	111.6	486	7 290
T₄	150	150	22.2	22.2	66.6	411	6 165

时期 Period (M/D)	生育期 procreation stages	ET (mm)	滴灌次数 Drip irrigation frequency	灌水定额 Irrigation quota (m³/hm²)	灌溉定额 Total irrigation quota (m³/hm²)
3/26~4/8	萌芽期	35	1	750	750
4/9~4/21	花期	33	1	750	750
4/22~7/8	幼果期	159	3	750	2 250
7/9~8/28	膨大期	209	3	750	2 250
8/29~9/14	成熟期	9	1	750	750
合计Total		444	9		6 750

处理 Treat- ments	株产量 Plant yield (kg)	单产 Yield per (kg/667m²)	水分生产率 Water productivity (kg/m³)	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	横径 Transverse diameter (mm)	纵径 Longitudinal diameter (mm)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	硬度 Hardness (kg/cm²)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)
CK	16.7±3.9^ab	919±217^ab	1.53±0.36^b	112.2±7.3^b	56.6±1.6^b	66.4±1.8^ab	1.17±0.01^a	3.3±0.1^a	13.5±0.5^a
T₁	22.5±6.9^a	1 235±379^a	3.44±1.06^a	141.2±13.7^a	61.3±1.8^a	68.2±3.3^a	1.11±0.04^a	2.8±0.2^b	13.0±0.4^a
T₂	14.5±3.8^b	799±211^b	1.42±0.31^b	97.4±13.5^c	53.6±2.7^c	63.8±5.4^bc	1.19±0.09^a	3.0±0.3^b	13.4±1.0^a
T₃	18.4±8.8^ab	1011±484^ab	2.08±1.08^b	105.1±16.2^bc	55.0±3.5^bc	64.1±4.9^bc	1.17±0.09^a	3.0±0.2^b	13.3±1.2^a
T₄	14.5±1.3^b	796±71^b	1.94±0.19^b	103.4±18.9^bc	54.5±4.8^bc	62.5±5.3^c	1.15±0.12^a	3.2±0.3^b	14.1±1.5^a

[1]	张梦珂, 林丽, 林豪, 惠瑞晗, 杨可攀. 不同灌溉频次对陆地棉生长指标和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(5): 1064-1074.
[2]	王晓艳, 白云岗, 柴仲平, 卢震林, 刘洪波, 肖军, 阿曼尼萨. 休作期冬灌滴灌调控下“干播湿出”对棉花生长及产量影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 302-313.
[3]	张妍婷, 张永强, 雷钧杰, 陈慧, 陈传信, 徐其江, 聂石辉, 徐文修. 不同施磷方式对干播湿出冬小麦光合生理特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 29-36.
[4]	张景灿, 徐其江, 张永强, 雷钧杰, 吕晓庆, 陈传信, 聂石辉, 徐文修. 不同调节剂及喷施次数对滴灌冬小麦茎秆特征和抗倒伏性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 37-44.
[5]	海峰, 张永强, 谢秀荣, 吕晓庆, 陈传信, 徐其江, 聂石辉, 王冀川, 雷钧杰. 限量灌溉下不同滴灌量对滴灌冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 45-52.
[6]	王子健, 李刘龙, 赵焰辉, 徐林峰, 邱治中, 李召锋, 雷钧杰, 王笑, 万文亮, 姜东. 水氮耦合对斜坡滴灌春小麦冠层结构及光合速率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(1): 75-86.
[7]	张磊, 孙诗仁, 谢小清, 王业建, 李冬, 唐怀君, 刘成. 额敏县玉米灌溉用水现状及节水灌溉策略[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 81-84.
[8]	胡华兵, 孙琳琳, 刘建雄, 贺碧微, 刘珣, 郇町, 李有芳. 滴灌甜菜糖分积累与温度的相关性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1916-1925.
[9]	许进宗, 包建平. 不同滴灌灌水量对库尔勒香梨果实贮藏品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1696-1709.
[10]	王润琪, 贾永红, 王玉娇, 刘跃, 李丹丹, 董艳雪, 古力尼尕尔·吐尔洪, 张路路, 张金汕, 石书兵. 不同滴灌量对匀播冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1048-1056.
[11]	谢忠, 叶含春, 王振华, 李海强, 刘健, 陈睿, 许宇双. 浅埋滴灌水氮配施对冬小麦生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1057-1066.
[12]	付浩, 张学军, 史增录, 程金鹏, 吴海峰, 于永良, 饶志强. 滴灌区玉米精量免耕播种机设计与试验[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1094-1101.
[13]	王晓艳, 白云岗, 柴仲平, 郑明, 丁宇, 刘洪波, 肖军, 韩政宇. 滴灌冬灌调控下干播湿出对棉田水盐分布及棉花出苗率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(4): 823-834.
[14]	朱韬, 雷庆元, 马亮. 不同水氮用量对复播玉米生长发育、产量及利用效率的影响和选优模型验证[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(4): 835-844.
[15]	付彦博, 扁青永, 魏亚媛, 魏彦宏, 张万旭, 朱锦泉. 配方施肥对滴灌玉米生理生长及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(4): 878-884.