不同水氮用量对复播玉米生长发育、产量及利用效率的影响和选优模型验证

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (4): 835-844.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.006

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同水氮用量对复播玉米生长发育、产量及利用效率的影响和选优模型验证

朱韬(), 雷庆元, 马亮()

新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2023-09-21 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-05-31
通信作者: 马亮(1980-),男,新疆石河子人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为干旱区节水灌溉,(E-mail)xjmaliang@xjau.edu.cn
作者简介:朱韬(1999-),男,湖南益阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为干旱区节水灌溉,(E-mail)1275727565@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区高校基本科研业务费项目“新疆农业‘以水定产’灌溉方式对典型罐区作物产量的影响评价”(XJEDU2023Z006)

Effects of water and nitrogen on growth, yield and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of resown Maize and verification of scheme optimization model

ZHU Tao(), Lei Qingyuan, MA Liang()

College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2023-09-21 Published:2024-04-20 Online:2024-05-31
Correspondence author: MA Liang(1980-),male, from Shihezi, Xinjiang. Professor, Ph.D.,research direction: Water-saving irrigation technology in arid area, (E-mail)xjmaliang@xjau.edu.cn
Supported by:
Basic Scientific R &D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Evaluation of the Effect of 'yield Based on Water' Irrigation Method on Crop Yield in Typical Tank Farm in Xinjiang"(XJEDU2023Z006)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】基于层次分析法及模糊综合评价模型在验证大田作物水氮优选方案的实用性,为制定新疆南疆玉米高效高产种植水氮配施方案提供参考。【方法】设置3个灌水梯度,分别为300 mm(W₁)、400 mm(W₂)、500 mm(W₃);3个施氮梯度,分别为0 kg/hm²(F₀)、250 kg/hm²(F₁)、350 kg/hm²(F₂),共9个处理(W₁F₀、W₁F₁、W₁F₂、W₂F₀、W₂F₁、W₂F₂、W₃F₀、W₃F₁、W₃F₂),每个处理3次重复,测定并分析滴灌条件下不同水氮配施对玉米株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累、产量以及水氮利用效率的影响,结合常规分析与模糊综合评价法寻求最优水氮配施方案并验证模型。【结果】适宜灌水量和施氮量下,水氮之间表现出显著交互作用,可以提高玉米的株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、积累速率和产量,棉花产量随施氮量和灌水量的增加呈抛物线变化,增产效率降低,适当的灌水量和施氮量可以获得较高的增产效率和水氮利用效率,在W₂F₁处理下,株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量等达到最大值,产量增长率和水分利用率均达到最大值,分别为24.35%、3.89 kg/m³,氮肥利用效率仅次于W₃F₁。【结论】新疆阿克苏地区玉米适宜的灌水量和施氮量为400 mm和250 kg/hm²(W₂F₁)。

关键词: 复播玉米; 滴灌; 水氮配施; 模糊综合评价; 产量; 水氮利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project intends to formulate a reasonable combined application scheme of water and nitrogen, and verify the practicability of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on analytic hierarchy process in field crop scheme optimization.Aiming at the high-efficiency and high-yield planting of Maize in the arid area of southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 Due to the arid climate, barren soil and low utilization rate of water and nitrogen in Xinjiang, the experiment of drip irrigation and fertilizer integration and joint regulation was carried out. Three horizontal gradients of irrigation water volume were set, which were 300 mm(W₁), 400 mm(W₂) and 500 mm(W₃) respectively; Three horizontal gradients of nitrogen application rate were set, which were 0 kg/hm²(F₀), 250 kg/hm²(F₁) and 350 kg/hm²(F₂),9 processes in total (W₁F₀、W₁F₁、W₁F₂、W₂F₀、W₂F₁、W₂F₂、W₃F₀、W₃F₁、W₃F₂). The effects of different water and nitrogen on plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, yield and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize under drip irrigation were measured and analyzed. In addition, combined with conventional analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the optimal water and nitrogen combined application scheme was sought and the model was verified.【Results】 Under the appropriate amount of irrigation and nitrogen application, there was an obvious interaction between water and nitrogen, which could improve the plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and accumulation rate and yield of maize. The yield change was parabolic with the increase of nitrogen application and irrigation, and the yield increase efficiency decreased. Under the treatment of W₂F₁, the plant height, leaf area index, the dry matter accumulation did reach the maximum, the yield growth rate reached 24.35%, the water use efficiency reached the maximum value of 3.89 kg / m³, and the nitrogen use efficiency was second only to W₃F₁.【Conclusion】 The optimal irrigation and nitrogen application rates of maize water-saving and fertilizer saving production in Aksu area of Xinjiang are 400 mm and 250 kg / hm²(W₂F₁).

Key words: repeat corn; drip irrigation; combined application of water and nitrogen; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; yield; water and nitrogen utilization efficiency

中图分类号:

S512

朱韬, 雷庆元, 马亮. 不同水氮用量对复播玉米生长发育、产量及利用效率的影响和选优模型验证[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(4): 835-844.

ZHU Tao, Lei Qingyuan, MA Liang. Effects of water and nitrogen on growth, yield and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of resown Maize and verification of scheme optimization model[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(4): 835-844.

图/表 11

参考文献 28

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土层深 Soil depth (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	速效氮 Available nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg)	总盐 Total salt (mg/g)	pH值 pH value	田间持水量 Field capacity (%)
0~20	8.97	36.64	13.98	115.62	0.505	8.57	22.90
20~40	6.28	29.61	6.62	105.74	0.505	8.62	20.78
40~60	4.71	21.45	5.72	101.81	0.545	8.69	24.99

土层深 Soil depth (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	速效氮 Available nitrogen (mg/kg)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg/kg)	总盐 Total salt (mg/g)	pH值 pH value	田间持水量 Field capacity (%)
0~20	8.97	36.64	13.98	115.62	0.505	8.57	22.90
20~40	6.28	29.61	6.62	105.74	0.505	8.62	20.78
40~60	4.71	21.45	5.72	101.81	0.545	8.69	24.99

处理 Teatments	六叶期 Six leaf	十二叶期 Twelve leaf	吐丝期 Silking	灌浆期 Grouting
W₁F₀	1.62^de	2.51^de	3.51^e	4.43^f
W₁F₁	1.77^cd	2.58^cd	3.83^cd	4.91^d
W₁F₂	1.59^e	2.41^e	3.28^f	4.37^f
W₂F₀	1.74^cde	2.57^cd	3.31^f	4.44^f
W₂F₁	1.80^bc	2.96^b	3.74^d	5.17^c
W₂F₂	1.94^ab	3.00^b	4.35^a	5.31^b
W₃F₀	1.80^bc	2.68^c	3.91^c	4.66^e
W₃F₁	1.87^abc	3.05^b	4.10^b	5.42^ab
W₃F₂	2.01^a	3.28^a	4.18^b	5.48^a

处理 Teatments	六叶期 Six leaf	十二叶期 Twelve leaf	吐丝期 Silking	灌浆期 Grouting
W₁F₀	1.62^de	2.51^de	3.51^e	4.43^f
W₁F₁	1.77^cd	2.58^cd	3.83^cd	4.91^d
W₁F₂	1.59^e	2.41^e	3.28^f	4.37^f
W₂F₀	1.74^cde	2.57^cd	3.31^f	4.44^f
W₂F₁	1.80^bc	2.96^b	3.74^d	5.17^c
W₂F₂	1.94^ab	3.00^b	4.35^a	5.31^b
W₃F₀	1.80^bc	2.68^c	3.91^c	4.66^e
W₃F₁	1.87^abc	3.05^b	4.10^b	5.42^ab
W₃F₂	2.01^a	3.28^a	4.18^b	5.48^a

处理 Teatments	六叶期 Six leaf	十二叶期 Twelve leaf	吐丝期 Silking	灌浆期 Grouting	成熟期 Mature
W₁F₀	24.12^ab	86.28^a	100.84^a	151.42^c	171.49^e
W₂F₀	23.62^ab	74.82^ab	101.06^a	174.23^bc	194.32^d
W₃F₀	22.37^ab	77.17^ab	97.29^a	195.55^ab	220.31^c
W₁F₁	22.62^ab	73.33^ab	117.29^a	177.22^abc	183.75^de
W₂F₁	22.37^ab	72.17^ab	125.76^a	199.99^ab	242.4^b
W₃F₁	20.13^b	63.92^b	126.65^a	212.75^a	253.37^b
W₁F₂	23.83^ab	77.68^ab	103.44^a	150.37^c	168.37^e
W₂F₂	25.28^a	72.93^ab	112.36^a	196.77^ab	250.21^b
W₃F₂	22.6^ab	65.85^b	120.80^a	208.20^ab	276.13^a

不同水氮用量对复播玉米生长发育、产量及利用效率的影响和选优模型验证

Effects of water and nitrogen on growth, yield and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of resown Maize and verification of scheme optimization model

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处理 Treatments	耗水量 Water consumption (mm)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg/m³)	氮肥偏生产力 PFPN (kg/kg)	氮肥农学效率 ANUE (kg/kg)
W₁F₀	218.50^e	3.80^a	/	/
W₂F₀	262.38^cd	3.65^b	/	/
W₃F₀	320.15^b	3.24^d	/	/
W₁F₁	224.57^e	3.89^a	35.61^b	1.75^e
W₂F₁	279.19^c	3.89^a	44.28^a	5.24^b
W₃F₁	366.46^a	3.29^d	49.18^a	6.92^a
W₁F₂	249.64^d	3.60^bc	26.20^c	2.01^f
W₂F₂	317.55^b	3.50^c	32.34^b	4.45^d
W₃F₂	371.21^a	3.26^d	35.23^b	5.04^c

性状模糊集 Character fuzzy set	株高 Plant height	叶面积指数 LAI	干物质量 Dry matter accumulation	CGR变化率 Change rate of CGR	产量 Yield	增产率 Yield growth rate	水分利用效率 WUE	氮肥偏生产力 PFPN	氮肥农学效率 ANUE
R₁	0.327	0.327	0.328	0	0.319	0	0.337	0.000	0.000
	0.334	0.328	0.351	0	0.335	0	0.344	0.576	0.465
	0.339	0.344	0.322	0	0.346	0	0.319	0.424	0.535
R₂	0.324	0.317	0.283	0.147	0.303	0.243	0.331	0.000	0.000
	0.335	0.334	0.353	0.338	0.343	0.386	0.352	0.578	0.541
	0.341	0.350	0.364	0.515	0.351	0.371	0.317	0.422	0.459
R₃	0.310	0.288	0.294	0.460	0.300	0.292	0.328	0.000	0.000
	0.338	0.350	0.338	0.173	0.349	0.392	0.341	0.583	0.578
	0.352	0.361	0.368	0.367	0.350	0.317	0.331	0.417	0.422

因素 Factors	A₁	A₂	A₃	A₄	A₅	A₆	A₇	A₈	A₉	D₁
A₁	1	1	1/4	1/4	1/5	1/5	1/5	1/3	1/3	0.024
A₂	1	1	1/4	1/4	1/5	1/5	1/5	1/3	1/3	0.024
A₃	4	4	1	1	1/2	1/2	1/2	2	2	0.089
A₄	4	4	1	1	1/2	1/2	1/2	2	2	0.092
A₅	5	5	2	2	1	1	1	3	3	0.159
A₆	5	5	2	2	1	1	1	3	3	0.178
A₇	5	5	2	2	1	1	1	3	3	0.202
A₈	3	3	1/2	1/2	1/3	1/3	1/3	1	1	0.094
A₉	3	3	1/2	1/2	1/3	1/3	1/3	1	1	0.136

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因素 Factors	C₁	C₂	C₃	D₂
C₁	1	1/3	3	0.260
C₂	3	1	5	0.633
C₃	1/3	1/5	1	0.106

因素 Factors	C₁	C₂	C₃	D₂
C₁	1	1/3	3	0.260
C₂	3	1	5	0.633
C₃	1/3	1/5	1	0.106