配方施肥对滴灌玉米生理生长及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.011

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (4): 878-884.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.011

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

配方施肥对滴灌玉米生理生长及产量的影响

付彦博¹^,²(), 扁青永¹, 魏亚媛¹, 魏彦宏¹, 张万旭³, 朱锦泉¹

1.新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站/国家土壤质量阿克苏观测试验站,新疆阿克苏 843000
2.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆生产建设兵团农业推广技术总站,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-08-11 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-05-31
作者简介:付彦博(1984-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,副研究员,研究方向水肥高效利用,(E-mail)lghdjs@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目“基于杠杆式称重式蒸渗仪的南疆冷凉区滴灌春玉米蒸散量研究”(KY2022001)

Effects of formula fertilizer on physiological growth and yield of drip irrigation maize

FU Yanbo¹^,²(), BIAN Qingyong¹, WEI Yayuan¹, WEI Yanhong¹, ZHANG Wanxu³, ZHU Jinquan¹

1. Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station/ National Soil Quality Aksu Observation and test Station, Aksu Xinjiang 843000, China
2. Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China
3. Agricultural Extension Technology General Station of Xinjiang Production an Construction Corps, Urumqi 830002, China

Received:2023-08-11 Published:2024-04-20 Online:2024-05-31
Correspondence author: FU Yanbo(1984-),male,from Urumqi, Xinjiang,associate professor,research direction: high efficiency of water and fertilizer,(E-mail)lghdjs@163.com
Supported by:
Basic Scientific R &D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Study on Drip Volume of Spring Corn in Cold Area of Southern Xinjiang Based on Leveraged Weighing Evaporation Meter "(KY2022001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆南疆地区配方施肥对滴灌玉米生理生长及产量影响。【方法】以玉米品种新玉31号为供试材料,采取多点对比重复试验设计,设置4个处理:(1)配方施肥处理(OPT);N 15 kg/667m²,P₂O₅ 11.5 kg/667m²,K₂O 6 kg/667m²;(2)配方施肥无氮处理(OPT-N);N 0 kg/667m²,P₂O₅ 11.5 kg/667m²,K₂O 6 kg/667m²;(3)配方施肥无磷处理(OPT-P);N 15 kg/667m²,P₂O₅ 0 kg/667m²,K₂O 6 kg/667m²;(3)配方施肥无钾处理(OPT-P),N 15 kg/667m²,P₂O₅ 0 kg/667m²,K₂O 0 kg/667m²,分析不同配方施肥对滴灌玉米农艺性状、光合特性(净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、细胞间隙CO₂浓度(Ci))、产量及肥料利用效率的变化。【结果】(1)配方施肥处理玉米株高、叶面积、光合特性和产量呈现最佳效果。(2)配方施肥处理比配方施肥无氮处理、配方施肥无磷处理、配方施肥无钾处理提高经济效益分别为602.4、316.8、220.8元/667m²。(3)玉米产量与净光合速率、蒸腾速率、株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长均呈现线性关系,其中产量与净光合速率的相关性较高,穗长、穗粗、秃尖长与产量相关性亦较高,净光合速率、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长一定程度上能体现产量,而其他指标虽具有相关性,但代表性不强。【结论】N 15 kg/667m²、P₂O₅ 11.5 kg/667m²、K₂O 6 kg/667m² 配方处理可作为新疆南疆玉米节本增效的配方施肥组合。

关键词: 滴灌玉米; 配方施肥; 生理生长; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effect of formula fertilization on the physiological growth and yield of maize under drip irrigation in Southern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Xinyu No. 31 was taken as the test material, a multi-point comparison and repeated test design was adopted. The test was set up with 4 treatments: (1) Formula fertilization treatment (OPT); N 15 kg/667m², P₂O₅ 11.5 kg/ 667m², K₂O 6 kg/667m²; (2) Formula fertilization without nitrogen treatment (OPT-N); N 0 kg/667m², P₂O₅ 11.5 kg/667m², K₂O 6 kg/667m²; (3) Formula fertilization without phosphorus treatment (OPT -P); N 15 kg/667m², P₂O₅ 0 kg/667m², K₂O 6 kg/667m²; (4) Formula fertilization without potassium treatment (OPT-P), N 15 kg/667m², P₂O₅ 0 kg/667m², K₂O 0 kg/667m², and then the effects of different formula fertilization on the agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics (net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci)), yield and fertilizer of drip irrigation corn were analyzed, including the changes in utilization efficiency. 【Results】 (1) Formula fertilization showed the best effect on plant height, leaf area, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize in general. (2) Compared with formula fertilization without nitrogen treatment, formula fertilization without phosphorus treatment, formula fertilization without potassium treatment, the economic benefits were 602.4, 316.8 and 220.8 yuan/667m² respectively. (3) There was a linear relationship between corn yield and net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, and bald tip length. Ear diameter and length of bald tip were also highly correlated with the yield. Net photosynthetic rate, ear length, ear diameter and length of bald tip could reflect its yield to a certain extent, while other indicators had correlations, they were not representative. 【Conclusion】 The technical combination of N 15 kg/mu, P₂O₅ 11.5 kg/mu and K₂O 6 kg/mu can be used as a cost-saving and efficient formula fertilization scheme for corn in southern Xinjiang.

Key words: drip irrigation corn; formula fertilization; physiological growth; yield

中图分类号:

付彦博, 扁青永, 魏亚媛, 魏彦宏, 张万旭, 朱锦泉. 配方施肥对滴灌玉米生理生长及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(4): 878-884.

FU Yanbo, BIAN Qingyong, WEI Yayuan, WEI Yanhong, ZHANG Wanxu, ZHU Jinquan. Effects of formula fertilizer on physiological growth and yield of drip irrigation maize[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(4): 878-884.

图/表 6

参考文献 21

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处理 Treat- ments	株高 Height (cm)	穗位高 Ear height (cm)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗粗 Ear diameter (cm)	秃尖长 Spike tip length (cm)
OPT-N	273.07	122.93	18.97	5.20	2.20
OPT-P	292.83	121.83	22.13	5.40	2.53
OPT-K	298.60	126.63	21.70	5.60	2.77
OPT	301.67	127.00	23.70	5.67	2.90

处理 Treat- ments	株高 Height (cm)	穗位高 Ear height (cm)	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗粗 Ear diameter (cm)	秃尖长 Spike tip length (cm)
OPT-N	273.07	122.93	18.97	5.20	2.20
OPT-P	292.83	121.83	22.13	5.40	2.53
OPT-K	298.60	126.63	21.70	5.60	2.77
OPT	301.67	127.00	23.70	5.67	2.90

处理 Treat- ments	籽粒 Grain (kg/ 667m²)	秸秆 Straw (kg/ 667m²)	总计 Total (kg/ 667m²)	相对生物量 Relative biomass (%)	收获指数 Harvest index
OPT-N	741	933	1 673	78.51	0.44
OPT-P	869	1 046	1 915	89.86	0.45
OPT-K	905	1 071	1 976	92.73	0.46
OPT	981	1 150	2 131	100	0.46

处理 Treat- ments	籽粒 Grain (kg/ 667m²)	秸秆 Straw (kg/ 667m²)	总计 Total (kg/ 667m²)	相对生物量 Relative biomass (%)	收获指数 Harvest index
OPT-N	741	933	1 673	78.51	0.44
OPT-P	869	1 046	1 915	89.86	0.45
OPT-K	905	1 071	1 976	92.73	0.46
OPT	981	1 150	2 131	100	0.46

处理 Treat- ments	净光合速率Pn (μmol/ (m²·s))	蒸腾速率 Tr(mmol/ (m²·s))	气孔导度 Gs(μmol/ (m²·s))	胞间CO₂ 浓度Ci (μmol/ (m²·s))
OPT-N	16.59	5.98	0.28	259
OPT-P	18.56	6.41	0.32	281.82
OPT-K	19.51	6.98	0.36	283
OPT	18.73	6.62	0.34	284.13

配方施肥对滴灌玉米生理生长及产量的影响

Effects of formula fertilizer on physiological growth and yield of drip irrigation maize

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处理 Treatments	施肥量 Fertilization amount(kg/667m²)
处理 Treatments	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
OPT-N	0	11.5	6
OPT-P	15	0	6
OPT-K	15	11.5	0
OPT	15	11.5	6

处理 Treatments	产量 Production (kg/667m²)	相对产量 Relative yield (%)	氮肥农学利用率 Agricultural utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer (kg/kg)	磷肥农学利用率 Agricultural utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer (kg/kg)	钾肥农学利用率 Agricultural utilization rate of potassium fertilizer (kg/kg)
OPT-N	723	74.23	16.73	-	-
OPT-P	842	86.44	-	11.48	-
OPT-K	882	90.55	-	-	15.33
OPT	974	100	-	-	-

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