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20 December 2023, Volume 60 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer
Horticultural Special Local Products·Plant Protection
Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Microbes·Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization


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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer

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Effects of agronomic characters and photosynthetic parameters of glyphosate on sea island cotton QIN Guoli, WANG Weiran, WANG Meng, YANG Jing, HUANG Xinglei, LIU Zhiqing, ZHU Jiahui, Alifu Aierxi, KONG Jie, CHEN Guodong 2023, 60(12): 2861-2868.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1491KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the effects of agronomical character and leaf photosynthetic parameters by different concentrations of glyphosate on glyphosate island cotton in the hope of providing chemical skills for weeding.【Methods】Using glyphosate-resistant Xinchangmian 5 as the research object and spraying four concentrations of glyphosate1.25%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0% at 10 leaf stage, respectively, then plant height, stem diameter, leaf stage and photosynthetic indexes were measured.【Results】Compared with the control, plant height, stem diameter, leaf stage, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm) and potential activity of PSⅡ(Fv/Fo) with treated by four concentrations of glyphosate were all decreased in sea island cotton. The glyphosate with higher concentrations, the more dramatic decline. However, the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) showed an increasing trend. The treatment by 1.25% and 2.5% had no difference with control after 14 days of spraying, and the agronomic traits returned to the normal level after 24 days.【Conclusion】The growth trends reduce significantly by spraying 4 concentrations of glyphosate at the bud stage. More than 5% concentration of glyphosate affect the growth seriously sea island cotton Xinchangmian 5, so it is suggested that concentration below 2.5% of glyphosate be applied in production.

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Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of β-carotene isomerase GbD27-6 gene in sea island cotton LIU Chenxi, ZHU Yuting, ZHOU Qiang, CHEN Jin, ZHAO Wenjie, ZHENG Kai 2023, 60(12): 2869-2877.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1789KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the effect of GbD27-6 gene on branch and lateral branch growth of sea island cotton. This study provides a basic theory for further understanding the role of GbD27 gene in intracellular transport and its participation in epidermal cell processes during fiber development.【Methods】In this study, the key gene GbD27-6 in the synthesis pathway of Strigolactones (SLs) was cloned from the fibrous material of Gossypium barbadense L. Pimas-7 15 d, and the expression level of GbD27-6 was analyzed by using the bioinformatics website and qRT-PCR.【Results】GbD27-6 gene 816 bp encoded 271 amino acid protein, molecular formula is was C1335H2134N350O389S24, molecular weight is was about 30.081 18 kDa, isoelectric point is was 8.40, it which belonged to DUF4033 superfamily protein and was unstable hydrophobic protein. The results of subcellular localization showed that GbD27-6 gene was located on cell membrane. Real -time fluorescence quantitative analysis showed that GbD27-6 gene was expressed in petal bracts and anthers of Gossypium barbadense L. and the expression level was the highest in bracts and the lowest in petals. The expression level was the highest on the 20th day of fiber development and the lowest on the 10th day of fiber development.【Conclusion】The findings showed that GbD27-6 gene was differentially expressed in fibers.

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Effect of subsoiling depth on canopy photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton MA Jun, WANG Jing, LI Chunyan, WANG Liang, SHI Weijun, CUI Jianping, TIAN Liwen, GUO Rensong 2023, 60(12): 2878-2884.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1015KB) ( )   【Objective】Under the natural ecological conditions in Xinjiang, the effects of subsoiling depth on photosynthetic characteristics of the cotton canopy and yield were investigated to provide the theoretical basis for further clarifying the regulation effect of subsoiling on cotton yield.【Methods】The Xinluzhong No.88 variety was used as the experimental material and four treatments, no subsoiling (CK), subsoiling 30 cm (S1), subsoiling 40 cm (S2), and subsoiling 50 cm (S3), were set up in the perennial tillage cotton field to examine the effects of different subsoiling depths on canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton at key growth stages.【Results】The leaf area index and growth period of cotton showed a single peak curve, and the leaf area index reached the peak at the full flowering stage, where the leaf area index of subsoiling treatment increased by 0.92%-12.94% compared with CK.However, the trends of leaf inclination and the degree of canopy opening were opposite to that of the leaf area index, and the minimum value was found at the flowering stage.Compared with CK, the leaf inclination of subsoiling increased by 1.86%-5.29%, and the degree of canopy opening decreases by 32.7%-59.1%.The net photosynthetic rate at the early flowering stage increased with the depth of subsoiling, while the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were the highest in S2.The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance at full flowering and full boll stage were the highest in S2 and S3, respectively, while there was no significant difference between S2 and S3 (P>0.05).Compared with CK, the initial stage of rapid accumulation of dry matter in subsoiling treatment was 1-3 days earlier than that in CK, and the duration was extended to 2-4 days.The maximum accumulation rate increased by 2.18%-18.01%, the boll weight increased by 3.58%-9.12%, and the seed cotton yield increased by 11.02%-21.93%, among which subsoiling 40 cm is the highest.【Conclusion】The combination of subsoiling with a depth of 40 cm(S2) and conventional tillage can effectively improve cotton canopy structure, promote leaf photosynthesis, increase dry matter accumulation intensity of cotton, and increase seed cotton yield.

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Effect of drip irrigation pipe distribution and nitrogen application on biomass and nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of machine-harvest cotton MA Tengfei, LI Jie, WANG Chunwu, LOU Shanwei, Paerhati maimaiti, HE Hong, BIAN Yang, ZHANG Pengzhong 2023, 60(12): 2885-2891.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (751KB) ( )   【Objective】To study drip irrigation pipe distribution on biomass and nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of machine-harvest Cotton,In the hope of laying a theoretical basis for high yield of machine-harvest Cotton.【Methods】We compared two kinds of drip irrigation pipe distribution: one was (66+10)cm with the three drip-irrigation belts inside the narrow row (G3), and the other was (66+10)cm with the three drip-irrigation belts inside the narrow row and the two drip-irrigation belts inside the big row(G5), and four nitrogen applications: 0 (N0), 240 kg/hm2 (N240), 300 kg/hm2 (N300) and 360 kg/hm2 (N360).【Results】The results showed that the dry matter weight of G5 treatment was significantly higher than the G3 treatment under the same nitrogen application, compared with G3-N360 treatment, G5-N360 treatment the dry matter weight of leaves, stems, bolls and total increased respectively by 23.1%, 15.0%, 11.6% and14.9%.The nitrogen uptake of G5 treatment was significantly higher than the G3 treatment under the same nitrogen application, Compared with the G3-N360 treatment, the total nitrogen uptake of the G5-N360 treatment increased by 11.69%, compared with G3-N240 treatment, and the total nitrogen uptake of the G5-N300 treatment increased by 11.85%, compared with G3-N240 treatment, the total nitrogen uptake of G5-N240 treatment increased by 12.84%, the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G5 treatment was significantly higher than that of G3-N240 treatment, and the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G5-N240 treatment increased by 3.6% higher than that of G3-N240 treatment, the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G5-N300 treatment increased by 2.97% higher than that of G3-N300 treatment, and the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of G5-N360 treatment increased by 3.14% higher than that of G3-N360 treatment, the yield of cotton G5-N240 treatment increased by 10.6% higher than that of G3-N240 treatment, and the yield of cotton G5-N300 treatment increased by 8.3% higher than that of G3-N300 treatment, the yield of cotton G5-N360 treatment increased by 12.4% higher than that G3-N360 treatment.【Conclusion】Drip irrigation pipe distribution the G5 treatment was superior to the G3 treatment under the same nitrogen application rate, and the G5-N360 model had the highest on dry matter quality and bolls and nitrogen uptake and yield of cotton.

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Association analysis of dynamic plant height trait using SSR marker in Gossypium hirsutum L. WEN Jia, HUANG Chenjue, JI Zihan, LI Libei, FENG Zhen, YU Shuxun 2023, 60(12): 2892-2901.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1012KB) ( )   【Objective】To carry out association analysis of plant height of 185 upland cotton cultivars during the cotton flowering stage (PH-ST1) and spikelike inflorescence period (PH-ST2) to investigate the superior alleles variation of dynamic plant height. Which can provide a guidance for further high-yield molecular marker-assisted selection breeding of upland cotton.【Methods】355 polymorphism loci developed from 137 pairs of SSR polymorphism primers were combined with plant height phenotype data from two periods in five environments, and the general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) were used for association analysis by the genotypes of 185 upland cotton varieties.【Results】54 and 12 alleles in PH-ST1 were detected by the GLM and MLM model, respectively. Meanwhile, 62 and 12 alleles in PH-ST2 were detected by the GLM and MLM model. Among them, 31 loci were significantly related to plant height in 3 or more environments.【Conclusion】Through correlation analysis, multiple molecular markers that can be repeatedly detected and associated with the height of upland cotton were excavated.The 24 loci were reported.

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Preliminary study on the effects of three plant extracts on cotton seed germination and seedling growth ZHOU Xiaoyun, ZHANG Jungao, ZHOU Jiayu, LI Jin, QIN Bingshuang, LIANG Jing, GONG Jingyun, LEI Bin 2023, 60(12): 2902-2910.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (808KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the allelopathic effects of different plant methanol extracts on cotton seed germination and seedling growth, clarify the type of plant extracts with the best allelopathic effect and determine the appropriate concentration, so as to provide experimental basis and theoretical guidance for the development of new plant growth regulators.【Methods】Taking the popularized cotton seed Xinluzao 57 as the experimental material and the distilled water treatment as the control, the methanol extracts of Sophra alopecuroides, Euphorbia pekinensis, Cuminum cyminum were prepared into five solutions with different concentrations (100,10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mg/mL), respectively. After soaking of the seeds, the sand culture method was used to carry out the germination test to investigate the germination potential, germination rate, plant height, stem diameter, leaf photosynthesis and other indicators, and the principal component analysis method was applied to compare the biological effects of plant extracts on cotton growth.【Results】Compared with CK, the germination rate and germination index of cotton seeds treated with 1 mg/mL Sophra alopecuroides extract increased by 8.89% and 7.10% respectively, and the stem diameter, fibrous root number, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter transport rate of seedlings increased by 24.61%, 20.00%, 66.09%, 50.00% and 4.90%, respectively; The germination rate, stem diameter, number of fibrous roots and net photosynthetic rate of cotton seeds treated with 0.1 mg/mL Cuminum cyminum methanol extract increased by 8.00%, 7.33%, 10.00% and 12.90%, respectively. Further principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive evaluation of 1 mg/mL Sophra alopecuroides extract treatment ranked first, followed by 0.1 mg/mL Cuminum cyminum extract treatment.【Conclusion】Different concentrations of plant extracts have different regulatory effects on cotton seed germination and seedling growth. Among them, 1 mg/mL l Sophra alopecuroides extract treatment is the best, followed by 0.1 mg/mL Cuminum cyminum extract treatment.

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Effect of recommended fertilization on cotton based on nutrient expert system SHE Lingyi, Halihashi Yibati, ZHANG Yan, CHEN Chuangzhou, FAN Linxin, ZHANG You 2023, 60(12): 2911-2920.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1030KB) ( )   【Objective】In order to explore the feasibility of the application of cotton nutrient expert system recommended fertilization in cotton production in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Field experiments were carried out in Hailou Village and Kumubag Village of Shaya County in 2021. Eight treatments were set up in the experiment: NE, recommended fertilization based on nutrient expert system; NE+OM, nutrient expert system recommended fertilization based on the application of organic fertilizer instead of some chemical fertilizers; FP, farmers' habitual fertilization; OPTS, local agricultural extension department recommended fertilization; CK, no fertilization; NE-N, recommended by NE on the basis of no nitrogen fertilizer; NE-P, recommended by NE on the basis of no phosphate fertilizer; NE recommended by NE-K on the basis of no potassium fertilizer.【Results】The recommended fertilization of cotton nutrient expert system could significantly increase seed cotton yield and improve economic benefits. Compared with FP, Hailou and Kumubag NE increased yield by 10.2% and 7.95%, and the output-input ratio increased by 10.9 and 8.7. The yield increased by 11.66% and 10.13% compared with OPTS. The output-input ratio increased by 17.6 and 11.9. The recommended fertilization of cotton nutrient expert system could also significantly improve the nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization rate of cotton. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption of Hailou NE was 10.33%, 3.67% and 11.79% higher than that of FP, and 5.63%, 3.62% and 17.21% higher than that of OPTS. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer use efficiency of Hailou and Kumubag NE increased by 14.83, 18.47, 36.83 and 23.82, 18.30, 79.91 percentage points compared with FP, and 23.99, 5.83, 33.39 and 29.35, 16.42, 64.04 percentage points higher than OPTS.【Conclusion】Fertilization recommended by cotton nutrient expert system balanced the fertilization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and effectively improved the nutrient uptake, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits of cotton while ensuring the yield. Therefore, the application of cotton nutrient expert system recommended fertilization in Xinjiang Shaya County is feasible.

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Comparison of microenvironment and economic benefits of cotton fields with different planting patterns in northwest margin of tarim basin CAO Qi, MAO Tingyong, WANG Zhiqiang, WAN Sumei, CHEN Guodong 2023, 60(12): 2921-2931.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1705KB) ( )   【Objective】To compare the improvement degrees of ecology and economic benefits per unit land area between single cropping cotton field and two kinds of jujube cotton intercropping cotton field in northwest margin of Tarim Basin.【Methods】Singleton cotton field (CK), cotton field with one membrane and two rows intercropping (C1), and cotton field with one membrane and four rows intercropping (C2) were used as testing materials to explore the effects of different planting patterns on microenvironmental indicators, cotton growth, yield and economic benefits in different growth periods.【Results】The light intensity of cotton field with different planting patterns changed as CK>C1>C2. The total CO2 concentration of the three crown sites of C1 and C2 was higher than that of cotton monoculture. The light intensity, wind speed, air and soil temperature of single cropping cotton field were higher than those of two intercropping cotton fields, while the air and soil moisture were lower than those of two intercropping cotton fields. Air and soil temperature and wind speed in C2 model cotton field were significantly lower than that in C1 model, while air and soil moisture were the opposite. The growth indexes of cotton from bud stage to flower boll stage were as follows: intercropping cotton field > monoculture cotton field. CK mode cotton field yield was the highest, reaching 398.00 kg/667m2. The net income was C1>C2>CK>CK0. The net income of cotton field in C1 mode was 2,517.28 yuan/(667m2·a), but the yield rate (37.96%) ranked the second.【Conclusion】It can be concluded that the best planting mode is the jujube cotton intercropping mode with one film and two rows.

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Study on the occurrence characteristics and correlation of residual film in cotton field in Xinjiang HUA Zhenyu, LI Xia, JIANG Na, LIU Hejiang, MA Xingwang 2023, 60(12): 2932-2939.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1208KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the present situation of soil mulching film residual in Xinjiang cotton producing areas and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control measures of cotton mulching film.【Methods】Soil samples were collected from different surface layers in typical cotton areas of 20 counties and 9 prefectures in Xinjiang, and the residual amount of plastic film, the number, area, quality and film thickness were counted. After that, the occurrence characteristics and influencing factors of soil residual film were studied, and the correlation analysis was conducted to discuss the influence of residual film amount on plasticizer content.【Results】The amount of soil residual film in the main cotton producing areas of Xinjiang ranged from 3.19-454.03 kg/hm2, with an average of 126.24 kg/hm2. The spatial distribution of residual film was as follows: southern Xinjiang>Northern Xinjiang > Eastern Xinjiang; The residual film distributed in 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in 20-40 cm soil layer. With the increase of mulching years, the residual film showed a trend of moving down to deep soil. The residual film content was positively correlated with the degree of breakage (P<0.05), was significantly negatively correlated with film thickness (P<0.05), and the content of PAEs in soil was positively correlated with the content of residual film (P< 0.01).【Conclusion】Major cotton producing areas in Xinjiang soil residual membrane pollution belong to medium pollution level, the soil content of residual vertical distribution of membrane and membrane and the number of pieces gradually reduce with the increase of soil depth, and the difference of spatial distribution of different residual membrane regions is obvious. Along with the increasing length of laminating, top layer of soil and the content of residual film in number are on the rise, and the amount of soil residual film is significantly correlated with PAEs in soil.

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Evaluation of correlation between drought resistance and agronomic traits of self-breeding spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang JIA Yonghong, WEI Haipeng, HOU Dianliang, ZENG Chaowu, Nasirula Keremu, LIANG Xiaodong 2023, 60(12): 2940-2948.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1171KB) ( )   【Objective】To clarify the drought resistance levels of different spring wheat varieties.【Methods】43 spring wheat varieties bred in Xinjiang were used as experimental materials and with two treatments of normal irrigation and drought stress, grain physical characteristics, agronomic traits and yield were determined, and then the drought resistance of different spring wheat varieties was comprehensively evaluated.【Results】(1) 43 spring wheat varieties were egg or long ovate, complete cutin and loose mouth shapes. (2) Under the condition of water content 35% in mountain drought field, eight spring wheat varieties were selected as the preferred material for spring wheat breeding in Xinjiang. Among them, the drought resistance of Xinchun 21 and Xinxin 688 reached strong and strong levels respectively, which belonged to the drought resistance materials; Xinchun 16 and Xinchun 19 had the highest yield in the materials with high drought resistance, belonging to the high-yield materials; Spring 33, 44,38 and 26 belonged to the varieties with both high yield and drought resistance.【Conclusion】Of the 43 medium and high yield varieties, 7 accounted for 16.3%, and 2 drought-resistant materials accounted for 4.6%.Spring wheat in Xinjiang generally has high yield but general drought resistance. The breeding of new varieties should be combined with the introduction of foreign high resistance resources.

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Response of reciprocal cross to lodging resistance and planting density of maize hybrids DUAN Yanyan, HU Jing, QI Bingqin, PAN Zhiyuan, WU Haonan, GOU Ling 2023, 60(12): 2949-2961.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1942KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the effects of reciprocal crosses on plant morphological characteristics, lodging resistance, heterosis and density tolerance of maize hybrid F1.【Methods】In this experiment, two hybrids KX2564 and KX3564 with the same female parent but different male parent and their parents were selected, and the two hybrids trans-KX2564 and trans-KX3564 with the same male parent but different female parent were cultivated by backcrossing as materials with three planting densities, that was low, medium and high densities (4.5×104, 9.0×104 and 13.5×104 plants/hm2).【Results】When the planting density increased from 4.5×104 to 13.5×104 plants/hm2, the node thickness and dry weight per unit length of the parents and hybrids decreased significantly, the lodging resistance of stems decreased, and the lodging rate in the field increased gradually. In the orthogonal experiment, the internode thickness, dry weight per unit length of the inbred lines of the female parent were significantly higher than those of the male parent, the super father advantage was higher than the super mother advantage for hybrids, while the super mother advantage was higher than the super father advantage for internode length, the hybrid advantage of internode length decreased with increasing density. When the super father advantage of stalk puncture strength and bending strength was higher, the hybrid advantage of bending strength increased with increasing density. In reverse cross, The inverse cross combination had higher super-mother advantage in node thickness and dry weight unit node length, and the hybrid advantage in dry weight unit node length decreased with increasing planting density. The lodging rate of female was higher than that of male and hybrid, and the super-mother advantage was higher in strength. Grain per spike and 1,000-grain weight of hybrids decreased with the increase of density, and yield increased significantly with the increase of density. Grain per spike, 1,000-grain weight and yield of KX3564 were significantly higher than those of KX2564, and the hybrid advantage of yield and constitutive factors of the hybrids gradually decreased with increasing density.【Conclusion】The selection of selfed lines with short internode length, thick internode diameter, high dry weight per unit length, stalk strength and yield as the father, and high grains of ears and 1,000-grains weight as the mother is conducive to increasing the stalk resistance of hybrids and breeding resistant and high yielding dense varieties.

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Multivariable comparative analysis of chickpea seed metabolites based on GC-MS WANG Wei, XU Le, FAN Yanxing, WANG Fan, MA Yanming, TANG Zhonghua 2023, 60(12): 2962-2972.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1336KB) ( )   【Objective】To explore the differences of metabolites among different chickpea varieties by using GC-MS analysis combined with cluster analysis and to analyze their non targeted metabonomics, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of chickpea food, health products and drugs.【Methods】The metabolites of 10 chickpea seeds were analyzed by GC-MS.【Results】146 compounds were detected from the tested materials, mainly including organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, alcohols, phenols and nitrogen-containing compounds. After cluster analysis, it was found that the all the eight varieties contained the same distribution of some compounds for each major category of compounds, but D2016-10 and YZD80 accumulated their own specific content of compounds, while the content of the same accumulated compounds of the other eight varieties was significantly less. However, the accumulation of these D2016-10 and YZD80 two varieties was completely different, so they had their own specificity. Divide 10 chickpea varieties into 4 subcategories based on their Q values of compounds.【Conclusion】In general, the 10 different chickpea varieties contain a large number of acids, sugar alcohols and nitrogen-containing compounds, and the distribution of amino acids and their derivatives is relatively small.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Plant Protection

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Image intelligent recognition method of crop pests LI Yuqing, CHEN Yanhong, LI Yongke, XIAO Tianci, LI Qingyuan 2023, 60(12): 2973-2981.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1588KB) ( )   【Objective】Aiming at the problems of few crop pest dataset samples, low accuracy of existing single model in crop pest identification and poor generalization ability, a pest identification model based on transfer learning and multi-model integration is proposed.【Methods】Experiments were carried out on the large-scale public crop pest dataset IP102. In this study, transfer learning is used to train 6 deep neural networks separately, and the combination of EfficientNet, Vision Transformer, Swin Transformer and ConvNeXt with better recognition performance was selected, and then different strategies were used to integrate the prediction results.【Results】The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the proposed method based on transfer learning and multi-model integration reached 75.75%, which was 1.34% higher than that of the best-performing single-model ConvNeXt, and was comparable to the current compared with the performance of the optimal algorithm (CA-EfficientNet) on the dataset, the recognition accuracy was 6.3% higher, 【Conclusion】It has better stability and generalization ability.

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Comparative analysis of fruit folic acid content and ISSR in different grape germplasm resources LIANG Ju, LIU Guohong, WANG Baomin, HE Qiao, Abulaike Niyazi, GUO Hongmei, LI Xingting, REN Hongsong 2023, 60(12): 2982-2992.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1305KB) ( )   【Objective】To compare the differences of folic acid accumulation in grape fruits from different sources and to evaluate and screen high folic acid germplasm resources by molecular marker technology.【Methods】The folic acid contents of 22 Grape Germplasm resources were detected by ELISA; the genomic polymorphism and cluster analysis of 22 Grape Germplasm resources were carried out by ISSR Molecular markers; the detected folic acid content was analyzed with the clustering results.【Results】The fruit folic acid contents of 22 grape germplasm resources ranged from 1.93 to 46.95 ng/g. The 22 grape germplasm resources were obviously divided into two groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.621. The average folic acid content of the first category was 35.79 ng/g; the rest belonged to the second category, with an average folate content of 15.71 ng/g. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.622, the 21 grape materials were obviously divided into 2 groups. The average folic acid content of the first category was 16.53 ng/g; that of the second category was 12.24 ng/g. At the same time, the analysis of variance showed that the folic acid content of Eurasian species was slightly higher than that of European and American hybrids by 3.998,7 ng/g; 9 primers with stable amplification and abundant polymorphism were selected from 30 primers for ISSR amplification of grape. A total of 78 bands were amplified, including 70 polymorphic bands, with a polymorphic percentage of 89.7%. Establish the genetic relationship map. The genetic similarity coefficient of 22 grape germplasm resources was 0.474,4-0.846,2, and the average genetic similarity coefficient was 0.654,5. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.621, 22 grape materials were obviously divided into 2 groups. The first category included one Eurasian species (red Balado), and the rest belonged to the second category. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.622, the 21 grape materials were obviously divided into 2 groups. The first category includes 11 Eurasian species (Yanxing Seedless, Pinot Grigio, Ruidu Cuixia, Jingmi, Heiqi Seedless, Seedless White, 1124, Jingcui, Ruby, Seedless Purple, Damina), and 6 European and American hybrids (ZA 1, Xiahei, Mihong, Hongbiao Seedless, Luopu Zaosheng and Yuxuan 1). The second category included 4 Eurasian species (Beauty Finger, Pink Yadumi, Munag and Rizamat).【Conclusion】It can be seen that the folic acid content of population 1 is higher than that of population 2 and the folic acid content of Eurasian species is slightly higher than those of European and American hybrids.

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Effects of nitrogen fertilization on aromatic compounds of muskmelon ZHANG Hao, LIU Yi, ZHOU Bo, HUANG Yuan, FU Xiaofa, MA Yue, WU Haibo, HU Guozhi, MAO Jiancai, CHEN Jihao, LIANG Qigan, WANG Min 2023, 60(12): 2993-3007.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1073KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the effects of nitrogen application on the flavor quality of melon at maturity stage in the hope of enhancing technical measures to improve its flavor quality.【Methods】The melon variety Huang Mengcui melon fruits were taken as the test material to study of nitrogen transport effects under different nitrogen fertilizations: N0 (Nitrogen deficiency), N1(Low nitrogen), N2(Medium nitrogen), N3(High nitrogen),CK(no fertilization)and M(Organic fertilizer)on the aromatic compounds and nutritional quality of the fruit in Sanya.【Results】In terms of the types of aromatic substances, a total of 346 aromatic substances were detected in the six treatments, of which 25 were commonly found, mainly alcohols, aldehydes, and esters. The total and unique types of aromatic substances under low nitrogen treatment are the highest, with 167 and 12 species, respectively. Aromatic substances that appear with increasing nitrogen levels include ethyl butyrate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, 2-Butyn-1-one, 1-cyclohexyl-4,4-diethoxy -, (E) - non 6-en 1-ol, etc; the highest ester content in high nitrogen treatment was 12.28%, while the lowest ester content in nitrogen deficiency treatment was 4.81%. The characteristic aromatic substance ethyl acetate showed an increasing trend with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while the increase of methyl acetate nitrogen application rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing; the highest soluble solid content in the high nitrogen treatment center was 15.40%, while the lowest soluble solid content in the M treatment center was 13.40%. The maximum weight of a single melon under medium nitrogen treatment is 1.95 kg, and the minimum CK is 1.74 kg.【Conclusion】Under the condition of different nitrogen levels, the composition and content of aromatic substances in melon changed, resulting in the difference in the content of common aromatic substances and the existence of unique characteristic components. N1 treatment was beneficial to increase the type and relative content of aromatic substances; N2 and N3 treatments increased single fruit weight and content of soluble solids, respectively.

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Effects of six copper preparations on growth index, yield and quality of major melons YANG Zhiyi, WANG Huilin, WANG Rui, WANG Chaonan, XU Baolin, QIU Huojian 2023, 60(12): 3008-3017.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1282KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the effects of six copper preparations on the main vine length, stem diameter, maximum functional leaf area, maximum functional leaf node position, relative chlorophyll content SPAD value, single melon weight, central sugar content, diseased leaf rate and copper damage index of melon. By comparing the influence of the six copper preparations on melon copper damage, the best agent among the six copper preparations was selected to provide a reference for the safe use of copper preparations in muskmelon production.【Methods】Through field experiments, six kinds of copper preparations with different concentrations were sprayed on the leaf surface at the melon seedling stage, the growth indicators such as the length of the main vine and the maximum functional leaf area of stem diameter were measured, and the diseased leaves were counted at the peak of copper damage in melon rate and copper damage index.【Results】The six kinds of copper preparations had little effect on various growth indexes and single melon weight when diluted 1,000 times. Among them, 46% could kill 3,000 WP. The rate of diseased leaves and copper damage index were 9% and 14.83; except for B4 and C4 treatments, the 6 kinds of copper preparations with different dilution times had no significant effect on the sugar content in the center of melon; When the six copper preparations were diluted 500 times, the copper damage of melon plants was aggravated.【Conclusion】Among the six copper preparations, 99% copper acetate was very easy to cause copper damage to melon plants, 99% copper sulfate was the second, and 33.5% quinoline copper suspending agent 30% copper succinate WP, 23% copper rosinate EC and 46% that can kill three thousand water dispersible granules are relatively safe for melon.

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Effects of photosynthetic bacterial foliar fertilizer on yield and quality of organic tomato in greenhouse ZENG Jun, WU Lei, GAO Yan, ZHANG Zhuo, LIN Qing, LIU Jianwei, YANG Hongmei, HUO Xiangdong, SHI Yingwu 2023, 60(12): 3018-3024.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (698KB) ( )   【Objective】This project aims to study the effects of photosynthetic bacterial foliar fertilizer on yield and quality of organic tomato in greenhouse in the hope of providing reference basis for leaf formula fertilization and high-efficiency production of organic tomato in greenhouse.【Methods】The tomato cultivars Zhongyan No.868 was used as the testing material. Under field conditions, three greenhouses were selected and divided into three treatment groups including PSB group, fish protein group and control group (spraying only water without fertilizer). The experiments were started at the full bearing period of tomato and fertilized every 7 days, 4 times in total. The contents of chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate, disease index of leaves, yield and quality of tomato were determined.【Results】Compared with CK, the PSB and fish protein treatments could increase chlorophyll contents during the first 14 days after fertilization, while the PSB group was the best. The decreasing trend of the chlorophyll contents in CK and fish protein groups were highly correlated with disease index of leaves. Of them, the lowest disease index was found in the PSB group, the photosynthetic bacteria group had the lowest overall incidence index, while the fish protein group had a relatively low incidence index in the first 14 days, and the higher incidence index after 14 days, and the control group had the most serious incidence index The net photosynthetic rate in PSB and fish protein groups were increased during the first 14 days after fertilization, then decreased and slight declines occurred in PSB group, but in CK group it was the opposite. Compared with CK, the PSB group had the best tomato quality, whose soluble sugar content increased 62.5%, Vitamin C content increased 81.7% and the average yield increase per plant reached 33%. However, the fish protein group was only significantly increased in the total acid, and the difference in the improvement of other indicators was not significant.【Conclusion】For the best quality and yield effect of photosynthetic bacteria, the main mechanism may be realized by slowing down the degradation of old tomato chlorophyll and inhibiting the occurrence and development of the powdery mildew of tomato foliar leaves.

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Evaluation of the effects of different types and densities of traps on the trapping of peachworm ZHAO Wenhui, LIU Xukun, Aerziguli Rouzi, Tuerxun Ahemaiti, FU Kaiyun, DING Xinhua, JIA Zunzun, Adili Shataer, GUO Wenchao 2023, 60(12): 3025-3031.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1177KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the optimal armyworm plate and trap, as well as the optimal trap hanging density, so as to provide reference for the monitoring and prevention and control of peach small esophageal worm.【Methods】Using the sexual attractant of peach small heart worm combined with six different colors of sticky worm plates and three different types of traps, as well as setting three different hanging densities of traps, the trapping effect of peach small heart worm was compared.【Results】The experimental results showed that the trapping quantity of the white armyworm board was significantly higher than those of the other six colors of red, green, white, yellow, black and blue color armyworm boards. The daily amount of moth induced by triangle trap was (12.35±2.24), the daily amount of moth induced by barrel trap was (1.23±0.29), and the daily amount of moth induced by homemade water bottle trap was (0.63±0.12). There was a significant difference between triangle trap and barrel trap and homemade water bottle trap, but no difference between barrel trap and homemade water bottle trap. There were significant differences in the effects of traps with different hanging densities on the moths of P. peach. The average total moths attracted by 3 traps per mu was (13.36±2.11), the average total moths attracted by 6 traps per mu was (19.46±1.28), and the average total moths attracted by 9 traps per mu was (27.56±5.61). Treatment 3 (9 cells/667m2) was significantly different from treatment 1 (3 cells/667m2) and treatment 2 (6 cells/667m2).【Conclusion】The white armyworm plate and triangle trap have the best trapping effect on the adult and hanging 9 traps per mu can effectively control the number of adult Carposina sasakii.

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Molecular identification of potato virus disease by RT-PCR YANG Ruwei, LIU Yi, LI Jiangtao, Gulimila Rehemutula, LUO Zhengqian, XU Linli, SHEN Hongfei 2023, 60(12): 3032-3040.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1266KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the types of virus diseases in potato in Xinjiang, China, in order to clarify the main virus pathogens of potato in this region and provide scientific basis for the scientific prevention China and control of potato virus diseases.【Methods】In 2021, 87 suspected susceptible potato virus samples were collected from Urumqi, Jimsar, Qitai, Balikun and Zepu counties in the main producing areas of Xinjiang, China,and RT-PCR was performed on the samples.CP genes of positive samples were cloned and sequenced, and homology, geographical origin and phylogenetic analysis were completed.【Results】Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus S (PVS) and Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) were detected in 87 samples.The detection rates were 100%, 37.93% and 6.89%, respectively, with the highest detection rate of PVY, and no Potato virus X (PVX) and Potato virus M (PVM) were detected, indicating that PVY was the main virus pathogen harming Potato samples in this region.Cloning and sequence alignment of PVY positive disease samples were performed.The consistency of CP gene sequences of 5 samples with isolates from China(Fujian, Shandong, Jiangsu) and Poland reached 100%, and the consistency of CP gene sequences with isolates from other countries reached more than 99.04%.【Conclusion】Potatoes in Xinjiang,China main producing areas were mainly infected by one or more viruses of PVY, PVS and PLRV, among which PVY was the most serious pathogen.

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The control effect of three kinds of fan devices on Carposina sasakii Matsmura LIU Xukun, Aerziguli Rouzi, ZHU Xiaofeng, Tuerxun Ahemaiti, ZHAO Wenhui, FU Kaiyun, DING Xinhua, JIA Zunzun, Adili Shataer, GUO Wenchao 2023, 60(12): 3041-3048.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (980KB) ( )   【Objective】The objective of this study was to select the best fan device for the best prevention and control effect of Carposina sasakii Matsmura in Aksu region of Xinjiang, and to propose appropriate control measures based on insect sex pheromone fan jamming technology.【Methods】By monitoring the dynamics of Carposina sasakii Matsmura adult insects at a fixed point, it was designed to hang different types of lost devices such as lost silk, lost tubes and slow-release lost bags at 3.5 m and 2 m from the ground in the jujube garden, monitor and calculate their vacade rate and fruit borer rate, and screen suitable and efficient vagus devices and suspension heights.【Results】The results showed that the hanging height of the lost silk, the lost tube and the slow-release bag were 77.36%, 90%, 98.42%, 93.15%, 93.69% and 94.21%, respectively. The suspension heights of different fan devices are 2 m and 3.5 m, and the average fan rate is 94.81% and 89.38%, respectively. There are obvious differences in the prevention and control effects of the three kinds of lost devices. The results show that the control effect of the fan tube is optimal, followed by the prevention and control effect of the slow-release lost bag, and the control effect of the lost wire is relatively low. The control effect of different vagus devices at a suspension height of 3.5 m is better than that of a suspension height of 2 m.【Conclusion】A In the jujube orchard, the active ingredient cis-7-eicosene-11-ketone per mu was adopted, and the active ingredient content per mu was controlled by 3 g, and the configuration of 40 mist silk/mu, 20 mist tubes/mu and 6 mist bags with slow application had good control effects. In production practice, it is recommended to use the Misty tube and the slow-release Misty bag for the control of Carposina sasakii Matsmura.

Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Microbes·Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization

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ORF5 gene analysis of two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains from hainan province MA Jiamei, ZHONG Zhiwen, FAN Yuexuan, HUANG Chunyuan, ZHENG Jiaxin, CAO Fangfang, WANG Jinquan, LIU Guangliang, CAO Zongxi 2023, 60(12): 3049-3056.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1605KB) ( )   【Objective】This project aims to identify the evolutionary relationship of two newly discovered porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains HNHK1-2021 and HNLG1-2021 in Hainan,China.【Methods】The ORF5 gene was amplified and sequenced by PCR method. Multiple sequence alignment was performed using MegAlign software, and phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA X software neighbor joining method.【Results】The nucleotide similarity of PRRSV HNHK1-2021 and HNLG1-2021 strains was 82.9%, and the deduced amino acid similarity was 82.6%. HNHK1-2021 strain and NADC30-like PRRSV, QYYZ-like PRRSV, VR2332-like PRRSV and JXA1-like PRRSV sequence alignment: 80.8%-82.8%, 90.2%-92.0%, 82.1%-83.4%, 81.9%-84.4%,deducing the amino acid similarity was 82.1%-84.6%, 91.5%-94.5%, 80.1%-83.1%, 82.6%-84.6%; HNLG1-2021 strain and NADC30 PRRSV, QYYZ PRRSV, VR2332 PRRSV and JXA1 PRRSV sequence alignment, the nucleotide similarity of which was 83.7%-84.6%、81.8%-83.6%, 97.7%-99.5%, 85.6%-90.4%, the deduced amino acid similarity was 83.6%-85.1%, 81.1%-82.6%, 96%-98.5%, 86.1%-90.5%.【Conclusion】The two virus strains belong to the North American type PRRSV, and the HNHK1-2021 strain belongs to the QYYZ class PRRSV (lineage 3). The HNLG1-2021 strain belongs to the VR-2332 class of PRRSVs (lineage 5).

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Diversity analysis of dsRNA in Alternaria solani LIU Shengxue, LI Siqi, WANG Xiaodong, YANG Desong 2023, 60(12): 3057-3064.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (732KB) ( )   【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the diversity of dsRNA in A. solani., and to provide new biological control resources for the disease and new understanding of virus diversity and evolutionary.【Methods】Tissue samples with typical symptom were collected from tomato growing areas around Shihezi and pure culture was obtained by tissue isolation and single spore separation. After that, the diversity of dsRNA carried by A. solani. was determined by dsRNA extraction and gel electrophoresis. In the end by RT-PCR using random primers, and molecular cloning, and sequencing techniques, the phylogenetics for the mycovirus carried by 6 strain were analyzed.【Results】The pure culture of 191 strains of A. solani. was obtained and 42 strains with obvious dsRNA bands (from 1 to 4) were found. The mycovirus strains were accounting for 22% of the pure culture strains. The band's sizes were different among the dsRNA carried strains. The Contigs were obtained by sequence and assemble from 6 strains. The blast results showed that the 7 dsRNA virues and 2 +ssRNA virues were shared sequence homology with isolates among the Totiviridae, Partitiviridae, Tymoviridae, Tymoviridae, and(or) Narnaviridae respectively.【Conclusion】There are diverse dsRNAs in A. solani. The strains of A. solani not only carry many mycoviruses, but also mixed infections with two or more unrelated viruses. The 9 mycovirues identified can be divided into 5 known families (Totiviridae, Partitiviridae, Tymoviridae, Tymoviridae, and Narnaviridae). Some are reported viruses or new strains while others are new viruses that have not yet been discovered.

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Optimization of medium for ectoine production by Halomonas salifodinae N35-6, a moderately halophilic bacterium LIN Qing, Qin Xinzheng, GAO Yan, ZENG Jun, LOU Kai, SHI Hongling, HUO Xiangdong 2023, 60(12): 3065-3071.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1115KB) ( )   【Objective】A moderately halophilic bacterium Halomonas salifodinae N35-6 with high ectoine production was isolated from the soil of Qijaojing salt lake in Hami, Xinjiang, and its fermentation medium was optimized.【Methods】The medium composition for producing ectoine was optimized using response surface methodology and the yield of ectoine was determined by HPLC.【Results】A bacterium capable of producing ectoine was isolated from the soil of Qijiaojing Salt Lake and identified as Halomonas salifodinae by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Production of ectoine was maximized to 0.83 g/L by optimizing the level of nutrients in the medium using response surface methodology.【Conclusion】The moderately halophilic bacterium Halomonas salifodinae N35-6 has the potential of high yield of ectoine.

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Study on abiotic stress tolerance of three entomopathogenic nematodes and its bacteriostasis of symbiotic bacteria CHEN Cheng, HOU Xinqiang, ZHAN Faqiang, YANG Rong, BAO Huifang, WANG Ning, SHI Yingwu, LONG Xuanqi 2023, 60(12): 3072-3079.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1289KB) ( )   【Objective】To study the tolerance characteristics of three species and 6 strains of entomopathogenic nematodes to temperature and salt concentration, in order to screen the strains with good tolerance to abiotic stress and determine their pathogenicity to Galleria mellonella larvae.to lay a related research foundation for the application of biological control of insect pests in the future.At the same time, the inhibitory effect of symbiotic bacteria on S.aureus, Salmonella and E.coli was studied in order to provide more new antagonistic bacteria resources for antagonistic pathogenic microorganisms.【Methods】The total number of nematodes was counted by dilution method, the reproductive ability of different nematodes was analyzed, and the heat tolerance and salt tolerance of nematodes were analyzed by water bath heating method and salt concentration gradient method, respectively.the pathogenicity of different doses to the Galleria mellonella larvae was determined by gradient dilution method, and the inhibitory effect of symbiotic supernatant on pathogens in different time periods was determined by coating method and drilling method.【Results】A strain of Steinernema-carpocapsae XJ-94 with strong comprehensive ability of reproduction and tolerance was screened from six species of nematodes.The number of nematodes produced by each large wax borer was 4.96 × 104 IJs/larva, and the average number of nematodes per gram of wax borer larvae was 1.24 × 104 IJs/g.After treatment at 40℃ for 5 hours, the survival rate of nematode XJ-94 was 33%, and the other strains were dead.At 17% salt concentration, 68% of the nematodes survived after treatment for 3 hours.The nematode had high pathogenicity to the Galleria mellonella larvae, and the corrected mortality of nematode doses of 160 IJs/larva and 200 IJs/larva reached 100% at 48 h.The fermentation supernatant of Xenorhabdus nematophila XJ-94 symbiotic bacteria had the best bacteriostatic effect at 48h, and its inhibitory effect on E.coli and S.aureus was significantly higher than that of Salmonella.【Conclusion】An entomopathogenic nematode strain with good reproductive ability and abiotic stress tolerance was obtained.The nematode had high pathogenicity to the Galleria mellonella larvae, and its symbiotic bacteria had good inhibitory effect on E.coli and S.aureus.

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Analysis of the volatile aromatic components in fresh horse milk by headspace solid phase microextraction-Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry Bahatiguli Manatibai, YAO Weiqin, Gaoshaer Kayierhali, GUO Hengxin, Dulati Kayimaerdan, Ailati gemadi, SHI Bo, GONG Zhiguo 2023, 60(12): 3080-3085.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (760KB) ( )   【Objective】To compare and study the volatile aromatic components in fresh horse milk from different areas of Xinjiang, so as to provide scientific and technical support for the industrialization development and related research of Xinjiang horse milk and its products.【Methods】Fresh horse milk from Yili, Altay and Tacheng in northern Xinjiang was selected as the research object, and the volatile aromatic components in fresh horse milk were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.【Results】A total of 32 volatile aroma components were detected, including 21 aromatic components in fresh horse milk from Yili region, 17 aromatic components from Altay region and 21 aromatic components from Tacheng region. There were 11 volatile aroma components in the three regions, including three esters of ethyl octanoate, methyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate, five acids of octanoate, capric acid, caproic acid, nonanoic acid and lauric acid, and 1, 3-di-tert-butyl benzene, 2, 4-di-butyl phenol and dimethyl sulfone.【Conclusion】The volatile aromatic components in fresh horse milk are mainly esters and acids, and the main esters are methyl octanoate, ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate. The main acid components are octanoic acid and capric acid. The superposition, synergy and inhibition of these volatile aroma components make fresh horse milk have aroma different from cow milk and camel milk.

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Effects of magnetized drip irrigation with different water quality on soil salinity ZHU Zhu, WANG Zeyu, XU Yongmei, LIU Di, LI Yang 2023, 60(12): 3086-3093.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1134KB) ( )   【Objective】In order to investigate the effects of different magnetized water quality and electrolytic water drip irrigation on salinity of saline-alkali soil.【Methods】The test soil was taken from Company 6 of the 121st Regiment, and soil column infiltration test was carried out. The effects of brackish water, magnetized brackish water, magnetized channel water, channel water and electrolytic water drip irrigation on total salt content, desalting rate, soil salt ions and soil SAR were compared and analyzed.【Results】The results showed that the average total salt content of soil profile was T1>T2>CK>T3>T4. The total salt content of magnetized brackish water irrigation treatment was significantly lower than that of brackish water irrigation treatment at soil depth of 30-40 cm and deep soil depth, and the total salt content of soil under magnetized channel water irrigation treatment was significantly lower than that under channel water irrigation treatment. The average desalting rate of the desalting area in the soil profile of each treatment was compared as T4>T3>T2>CK>T1, and the desalting rate reached 51.8%-59.36%. Compared with the control treatment, the average desalting rate of soil profile desalting area in brackish water irrigation treatment decreased by 2.18%, magnetized brackish water treatment increased by 7.2%, magnetized channel water treatment increased by 8.99%, and electrolytic water treatment increased by 13.25%. The amount of Ca2+ in soil was increased by 72.59% compared with that before drip irrigation. At the same time, the contents of Cl-, Na+ and HCO3- were decreased by 92.23%, 67.49% and 30.84%. Electrolytic water irrigation is beneficial to SO42-leaching and desalting of soil profile, and the desalting rate is 34.09%. Irrigation treatment of magnetized channel water significantly reduced soil SAR at 0-50 cm depth.【Conclusion】With magnetized water irrigation treatment is superior to non-magnetized water irrigation treatment in reducing the average total salt content of soil and increasing the desalting rate of soil, and electrolytic water irrigation treatment is the best. Electrolytic water and magnetized water irrigation are beneficial to soil salt and harmful salt ions leaching and desalting.

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Dormancy characteristics and breaking methods of Archangelica decurrens seeds XU Shanshan, WANG Huanyu, LU Ting, LIU Aimin 2023, 60(12): 3094-3101.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (863KB) ( )   【Objective】The research aimed to explore the seed dormancy characteristics of Archangelica decurrens Ledeb.and find out the method of breaking dormancy, so as to provide scientific basis for the protection, development and utilization of germplasm resources of this species.【Methods】With wild seeds of A.decurrens as research materials, the basic biological characteristics of fruits and seeds and seed germination inhibitors were studied by laboratory control experiments, and the effects of cold stratification treatment and gibberellin treatment with different concentrations and time on the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of seeds were analyzed.【Results】The seed coat did not hinder the water absorption of the seeds; the seed powder extract had a significant inhibitory effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of Brassica pekinensis; 30-50 d cold stratification treatment could significantly improve the seed germination rate of A.decurrens; seed embryo development was incomplete when fruit morphologically matured, and cold stratification could promote seed embryo development; seed soaking with 3,000 mg/L gibberellin for 24 h could significantly increase the seed germination rate to 72.00%.【Conclusion】The seed dormancy of A.decurrens is the morphophysiological dormancy caused by the combined action of germination inhibitor in the seed and incomplete embryo development.The seeds were cold stratified for 30-50 d before sowing or using 2000-4000 mg/L gibberellin soaking the seeds for 24 h can effectively break seed dormancy and promote seed germination.

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Design and experiment of cleaning device for corn grain combine harvester ZHANG Wei, JIN Fan, LI Qianxu, ZHANG Junsan, ZHAI Xiuping, WANG Shanbo 2023, 60(12): 3102-3112.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.028 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1732KB) ( )   【Objective】Optimize the operating parameters of the cleaning device and the cleaning device operating parameters in order to reduce the loss rate and impurity rate of cleaning equipment and improve economic productivity.【Methods】A mathematical model was established for the cleaning device for theoretical analysis and calculation to find the factors that affected the cleaning device and ADAMS was used to establish a motion simulation model to obtain the acceleration characteristic curve of the moving screen through simulation analysis. Then the main parameters of the cleaning fan volute were optimized and analyzed. At the same time, the corn kernel impurity rate and the grain loss rate were used as the test indicators, and the fan speed, vibration frequency and screen opening were used as test factors. Also, Box-Behnken central combined experimental design theory was employed to establish a regression model between experimental factors and experimental indicators.Three different motion states of the material on the cleaning device were analyzed, and the reasonable acceleration range of the cleaning and sieving was calculated. The main factors affecting the effect of grain cleaning were obtained through mathematical modeling analysis of the connecting rod of the vibrating screen.【Results】Through experimental optimization, it is concluded that when the fan speed was 1,050 r/min, the vibration frequency was 6 Hz, and when the screen opening was 17 mm, the impurity content of corn kernels was 0.94%, and the cleaning loss rate was 1.19%.【Conclusion】The optimized cleaning device parameters meet the industry requirements.

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Drug resistance analysis of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from pigs and detection of related drug resistance genes in Aksu, Xinjiang WANG Dong, YI Haibo, LI Hongbo, QIN Lei, XU Qiqi, WU Huimin, XIA Lining 2023, 60(12): 3113-3120.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.029 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (852KB) ( )   【Objective】In order to understand the drug resistance of Enterococcus faecalis from pigs in Aksu area of Xinjiang to antimicrobial drugs and the carrying status of related drug resistance genes.【Methods】624 anal swab samples were collected from three pig farms in Aksu area and combined Enterococcus selective medium with the housekeeping gene of Enterococcus faecalis by PCR detection method that were used to isolate and identify Enterococcus faecalis. The agar dilution method was used to test the drug sensitivity of the isolated Enterococcus faecalis, and the PCR method was used to detect related drug resistance genes.【Results】160 strains of Enterococcus faecalis were isolated, and the isolation rate was 25.6% (160/624). The resistance rates of the isolated Enterococcus faecalis to erythromycin, tylosin, tetracycline, doxycycline, gentamicin and vornimulin all reached more than 97.0%. It is worth noting that the resistance rate of isolated Enterococcus faecalis to linezolid was 21.3% (34/160), and no vancomycin-resistant strains were found. The drug resistance spectrums of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from Aksu area were from 3 to 10, and the main spectrums are 6 (28.1%) and 8 (30.6%).【Conclusion】ermB, ermC, tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), aac(6')/aph(2"), lsa(E) genes were detected in all three pig farms, and the detection rates were more than 50%; the detection rate of multidrug resistant genes optrA, lsa(E) reached 25.6% (44/160), 40.0% (64/160).