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20 January 2021, Volume 58 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding ∙ Germplasm Resources ∙ Molecular Genetics ∙ Cultivation Physiology ∙ Physiology and Biochemistry
Plant Protection ∙ Soil Fertilizer ∙ Storage and Preservation Processing ∙ Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering ∙ Microbes ∙ Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection
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Crop Genetics and Breeding ∙ Germplasm Resources ∙ Molecular Genetics ∙ Cultivation Physiology ∙ Physiology and Biochemistry

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A Comparative Analysis of the Difference and Soluble Sugar Accumulation Rule of Xinjiang Muskmelon Fruit YANG Yong, ZHAI Wenqiang, ZHANG Xuejun, LI Meihua, ZHANG Yongbing, MA Xinli, YI Hongping 2021, 58(1): 1-8.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (2353KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the rule of soluble sugar accumulation in fruit of muskmelon, and lay a foundation for cultivation management and breeding high-sugar varieties of muskmelon.【Methods】 Three Xinjiang thick-skinned melons with significant difference in soluble sugar content were used as test materials. From 10 days after pollination until the fruit was completely ripe, the heart and edge flesh was collected, and the soluble sugar content was determined by HPLC. 【Results】 In the maturity stage of HH, HL and LL,the total sugar contents of the heart flesh were 110.8, 88.0 and 70.7 mg/g, and the total sugar contents of the edge flesh were 85.2, 36.8 and 26.5 mg/g, respectively. Beyond that the total sugar contents between the edge flesh of HH and the heart flesh of HL, and the total sugar content between the edge flesh of HL and LL were not significantly different, respectively, the total sugar contents in the flesh of the three materials were all significantly different between each other. The starting time of rapid accumulation of total sugar and sucrose in HH heart flesh was at least 10 days earlier than that in HH edge flesh and other materials. In the process of fruit development, the contents of fructose and glucose were similar, and the overall fluctuation was relatively small, showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The increase amplitude of sucrose and total sugar was large, while sucrose showed a trend of continuous increasing, while total sugar showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. There was a significant positive linear correlation between total sugar and sucrose, glucose, fructose and fruit development period, and the correlation coefficient with sucrose was the highest, up to 0.96.【Conclusion】 Sucrose content and the starting time of sucrose accumulation were the main factors that caused the difference of total sugar content in the heart and the edge of different materials and the same material. The change tendency of soluble sugar content of the three materials was basically the same, total sugar, glucose and fructose increased first and then decreased, while sucrose increased continuously.

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Analysis Xinjiang Apricot Varieties Relationship Based on Floral Organ Characteristics WANG Yanan, LI Wenwen, ZHOU Weiquan, FAN Guoquan, ZHANG Shikui, WANG Yatong, LIAO Kang 2021, 58(1): 9-22.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1728KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the phenotypic characteristics of flower organs and pollen microscopic characteristics of apricot varieties and to discuss the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among apricot varieties in Xinjiang in the hope of providing a reference for the evaluation, identification and utilization of apricot resources in Xinjiang.【Methods】 The phenotypic characteristics of flower organs of 41 apricot varieties in three subpopulations (Kashi subgroup, Hetian subgroup, Kuche subgroup) were measured, field observation of phenotypic indicators of flower organs, and the microscopic morphological characteristics of pollen were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The coefficients of average, standard, coefficient of variation, Simpson diversity index and Shannon-weaver diversity index of indicators related to genetic diversity of 21 phenotypic traits were calculated. The cluster analyses of phenotypic characters of flower organs and 11 pollen microcharacteristic traits of 41 apricot varieties were conducted.【Results】 The cluster analysis of flower organs showed that when the genetic distance was 15.0, the 41 varieties of the three subpopulations could be divided into four groups. There were 30 varieties in group I, including 10 varieties of Muzijianali in Hotan subgroup, 11 varieties of Xiheiyexing in Kashi subgroup and 8 varieties of Kabakeximixi in Kuche subgroup; there were 4 varieties in group II, including 2 varieties of Luopuhongdaike, Cuijianali in Hotan subgroup and 1 variety of Huangqiligan in Kuche subgroup; only in group III In Kuqa subgroup, there were 1 variety of Keziximixi and 8 varieties of rough black leaf apricot in group IV. The results of cluster analysis of micro morphological characteristics of pollen showed that when the genetic distance was 15.0, 41 varieties from three subgroups were grouped into two groups. There were 36 varieties in group I, including 13 varieties such as Gumuxing in Hetian subgroup, 12 varieties such as Qiaoerpang in Kashi subgroup, 11 varieties such as Kabakeximixi in Kuche subgroup, and 5 varieties such as Yechengheiyexing in group II species. Among the 41 apricot cultivars in Xinjiang, the genetic variation coefficient of pore frequency was the largest, the genetic variation coefficient of petal number was 1.85, the variation range of genetic variation coefficient was 1.85%-75.68%, the average value was 16.18%; the Shannon Weaver index range was 5.01-5.43, the average value was 5.33; the Simpson index range was 0.97-0.98, and the average value was 0.97. 【Conclusion】 The 41 apricot varieties tested in Xinjiang had close genetic relationship and rich genetic diversity, which were mainly reflected in five aspects: petal color, petal shape, single flower weight, aperture and pore frequency. Among the 21 phenotypic indexes, the variation of pore frequency was the most abundant, the variation of petal number was the least, and the genetic stability was good. Petal aspect ratio, single flower weight, petal color, petal shape, aperture and pore frequency were important indexes for phenotypic diversity observation.

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Researches between Lignification of Almond Fruit Endocarp and the Activities of Related Enzyme YANG Bo, GUO Chunmiao, Mubareke Ayoupu, XIAO Li, XU Juan, GONG Peng, XU Yeting 2021, 58(1): 23-29.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1127KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the change effects of lignin and sugar content on the lignification of endocarp during the development of endocarp, so as to lay the theoretical foundation for breeding of good almond cultivars at later stage. 【Method】 The thin and thick shells of Zhipi and Changshitou almond were used as main material to determine sugar content of almond fruit endocarp in the whole growth period and analyze the changes of the sugar content. In addition, the lignin content of inner pericarp was determined by thioglycolic acid method, and the process of lignin deposition was analyzed.【Results】 The process of the development of almond fruits, Zhipi and Changshitou in the pericarp of starch and soluble sugar contents were first accumulated and subsequently decreased; The reducing sugar content in Zhipi and Changshitou showed a downward trend, Zhipi and Changshitou almond starch, reducing sugar reached the peak at 40 d after flowering, soluble sugar of Zhipi after anthesis reached the peak at 40 d, Changshitou soluble sugar after anthesis reached the peak at 55 d. The Changshitou late starch and reducing sugar content decreased faster than that of Zhipi; The Changshitou almond 40 d after anthesis and endocarp lignin content began to accumulate rapidly and endocarp lignin content of Zhipi almond 55 d after anthesis accumulated rapidly.【Conclusion】 The thickness of almond endocarp is positively correlated with the amount of lignin and cellulose accumulation. The formation of almond endocarp is the accumulation and metabolism of high levels of carbohydrate in the fruit as a precursor substance, and causes a large amount of lignin accumulation, which leads to the lignification and thickening of the endocarp.

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The Fruit Cracking Characteristic and Cause Analysis of Different Fresh Grape Varieties HAN Shouan, WANG Min, ZHONG Haixia, XIE Hui, ZHANG Fuchun, ZHOU Xiaoming, ZHANG Xinyu, ZHANG Wen, PAN Mingqi 2021, 58(1): 30-39.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (891KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to study the difference of fruit cracking characteristics and main physiological causes of fruit cracking of fresh grape cultivars in Xinjiang,the physiological reasons for differences in the fruit cracking characteristics of table grape varieties are analyzed in the hope of providing theoretical basis for production control measures selection, which will reduce the fruit cracking in the production process.【Method】 12 table grape cultivated varieties were used as research subjects which included Thompson Seedless,Black Monukka,Centennial Seedless Xinyu .The fruit cracking characteristics of different table grape varieties were investigated and analyzed through water-induced fruit cracking at maturity stage. The structural characteristics of pericarp cells were determined by paraffin section. At the same time, the content of cell wall structural substances such as pericarp strength, pectin, propectin and cellulose and the activity of key metabolic enzymes were determined.【Result】 The results showed that there were significant differences in fruit cracking characteristics among different table grape varieties. The cracking rate of soaked water for 24 h was within the range of 0-80%, and 12 varieties could be divided into 4 groups with different characteristics of cracking fruits, among which, the most easily cracked fruit group included 1 variety of Rizamat, and the most easily cracked fruit group included 2 varieties of Xinyu and Thompson Seedless . The varieties of commercial cracked fruit include Huozhouheiyu, Xinya, Centennial Seedless and Black Monukka . The resistant fruit groups include 5 varieties: Red Globe, Jingya, Summer black, Victoria and Flame seedless .【Conclusion】 The cuticular integrity of the pericarp, the size and arrangement of the pericarp and subpericarp cells were closely related to the degree of fruit cracking. The content of water-soluble pectin and the ratio of water-soluble pectin to original pectin were positively correlated with the crack ability of table grape varieties. The resilience of pericarp and cellulose content were negatively correlated with the crack ability of table grape varieties.

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Correlation Analysis between Source Hormone Content and Plant Growth during Processing Tomato Growth WANG Haiqi, PANG Shengqun, DU Hongyan, JI Xuehua, MA Haixiang, ZHANG Xiaoyan 2021, 58(1): 40-48.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1111KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to study the effects of endogenous hormones on plant growth and development by analyzing the correlation between endogenous hormone content and plant growth indicators of leaves of parents and offspring of processing tomatoes at different growth stages in the hope of providing theretical reference for selecting and breeding of offspring. 【Method】 With reference to parents T59, JW9, and HZ38, the high-generation inbred lines Dg46-1 and Dg149-1 obtained through systematic selection were used as test materials to determine the contents of leaf auxin (IAA), GA3and the growth indexes (plant height, stem thickness, leaf area) in different growth stages of processed tomatoes. And also, the correlation analysis of endogenous hormones and growth indexes was performed. 【Result】 The content of gibberellin and auxin in the leaves of processed tomato hybrid parents and their offspring showed a downward trend with growth and development, and the endogenous hormone content in the seedling stage was significantly higher than that in other periods. The content was positively correlated with plant height, stem thickness, and leaf area, and the correlation with plant height was extremely significant. Except for the significant negative correlation between stem thickness and gibberellin content at flowering stage, and significant negative correlation between plant height and auxin content at fruiting stage, there was no significant correlation between endogenous hormone content at leaf stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage and plant growth index. The results also showed that, in cross breeding, different parents and the same mother cross, and the progeny obtained through systematic selection was not completely determined by the parent, but related with the endogenous hormone content of leaves of the offspring at the seedling stage. 【Conclusion】 The endogenous hormones at the seedling stage are the key factors affecting the growth of processed tomato plants. With the beginning of reproductive growth, the effects of gibberellin and auxin on plant height, stem thickness and leaf area weaken. When plant type is improved through hybrid breeding, especially when plant height is improved, the endogenous hormone content of the plant in the seedling stage should be paid attention to in order to improve the selection efficiency. The gibberellin and auxin content in the seedling stage can be used to predict the height of the plants of the hybrid reference indicator.

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Expression Characteristics and Bioinformatics Analysis of ZmCDPK38Gene in Maize LI Jianping, Zumuremu Tuerxun, CHANG Xiaochun, HAO Xiaoyan, CHEN Guo, GAO Shengqi, SUN Liangbin, HUANG Quansheng 2021, 58(1): 49-55.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1664KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the genetic and evolutionary relationship between ZmCDPK38 and homologous CDPKs from other plant species and to predict the function of ZmCDPK38 theoretically by comparing with homologous genes with close relatives and known functions and to determine the expression characteristics of ZmCDPK38 genes in different tissues and under different stress conditions.【Method】 The online tools and MEGA-X software were used for bioinformatic analysis. Gene expression analysis was performed by real-time PCR.【Result】 ZmCDPK38 shared highly identical amino acid sequences with ZmCDPK26 and other six CDPKs from other species, indicating their closest genetic relationship. ZmCDPK38 protein contained four classical conserved domains of CDPK family member, including Ser/Thr protein kinase domains. The quantitative PCR results indicated that the ZmCDPK38 gene was expressed in a tissue-specific manner, which showed high expression level in maize leaves and less mRNA accumulation in stem, root, ear and tassel. Meanwhile the up-regulated transcription was observed during the treatment of drought and salt stress. On the contrary, the expression level showed little difference in response to low and high temperature except an initially increasedmRNA accumulation at 3h and 6h time-point after low temperature treatment.【Conclusion】 ZmCDPK38 protein contains four classical conserved domains of CDPK family member indicating its protein kinase characters. And the transcriptional analysis demonstrated that the expression of ZmCDPK38 gene was induced in response to drought and salt stress, suggesting that it may play a role in the regulation of drought and salt tolerance.

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Seed Protein, Oil and Free Soluble Sugar Accumulation during Seed Fillingin Soybean Cultivars with Different Seed Size WANG Chunyu, LI Yansheng, LIU Changkai, ZHANG Qiuying, JIN Jian, LIU Judong, LIU Xiaobing 2021, 58(1): 56-64.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1162KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aimed to (1) examine the differences in the accumulation of protein, oil and free soluble sugar in different seed size soybean cultivars during seed filling stage and (2) evaluate relevant physiological mechanism. The outcomes of this study will provide a scientific basis for better cultivation and cultivar breeding for soybean withdifferent commercial purposes.【Methods】 Three soybean cultivars, small-seedsoybean (7.13 g/100-seed), normal-seed soybean (20.21 g/100-seed) and big-seed soybean (30.54 g/100-seed), were planted in field condition. We examined leaf photosynthetic ratesduring thekey growth stage, quantified seed protein, oil, free soluble sugar concentration and dry matter weight during seed filling and evaluated their relationships.【Results】 Relatively shorter peak period of photosynthetic rate was found in small-seed soybean and its maximum photosynthetic rate was 10 d earlier than that of normal-seed and big-seed soybean. The accumulated ratio of dry matterwas significantly different among soybean cultivars during the initial 0-20 d seed filling period. The accumulated dry matterin this stage accounted for 82% of final seed weight in small-seed soybean, whereas it was 49% and 66%, respectively, in normal-seed soybean and big-seed soybean. The seed free soluble sugar concentration in big-seed soybean was significantly higher than that of small-seed soybean and normal-seed soybean, whereas the seed protein concentration in normal-seed soybean was significantly higher than that of small-seed soybean and big-seed soybean during the whole seed filling stage. The accumulation ratios of oil in small-seed and big-seed soybean were higher than that of normal seed soybean in the early seed filling stage (0-20 d). The correlation between seed dry matter and seed free soluble sugar concentration was significantly positive during the early seed filling stage, but significantly negative during the late seed filling stage in soybeans. The seed oil concentration was positively correlated with seed dry matter mass in normal-seed and big-seed soybean, but negatively correlated with seed protein concentration and free soluble sugar concentration in big-seed soybean during the late seed filling stage. No significant relationships were found among seed protein, oil and free soluble sugar concentration in small-seed soybean at the same stage.【Conclusion】 Significant differences existed for seed protein, oil and free soluble sugar concentrations in soybeans with different seed size. The early seed filling stage (0-20 d) is the key and fast period for dry matter accumulation, which is more critical for the total matter accumulation in small-seed soybean. Whereas the late seed filling stage (30-50 d) is as important as early-seed filling stage in normal-seed and big-seed soybean for total matter accumulation.

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Salt Tolerance Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm YAN Yongliang, ZHANG Jinbo, LU Zifeng, ZHAO Xiaoling, LIU Haijun, ZHAO Kang, CONG Hua 2021, 58(1): 65-71.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (605KB) ( )   【Objective】 The salt tolerance characteristics of 120 soybean germplasm resources in germination and seedling stage were studied in order to screen the salt tolerance resources of soybean and provide reference for the breeding of new soybean varieties with strong salt tolerance in Xinjiang.【Method】 The technical criterion for appraisal and assessment of salt tolerance of soybean cultivars(NY/PZT001 - 2002) of Ministry of Agriculture was referred in this study and 1.2% and 1.5% NaCl solution were treated at the germination stage to test the germination rate. Plant height, root length, fresh weight of plants, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of plants and dry weight of roots were measured in the seedling stage using 1.5% NaCl solution.【Result】 At germination stage, under the 1.2% NaCl concentration treatment, two high salt resistance (grade 1) varieties were screened out, accounting for 1.67% , which were Zhonghuang 30 and FtC099, and ten salt resistance (grade 2) varieties were screened out, accounting for 8.33% . Under the 1.5% NaCl concentration treatment, one salt resistant material (grade 2) was screened, accounting for 0.83%, and the variety was FtC099 from Japan. At seedling stage, one high salt resistance material was selected, accounting for 0.83%, which was the imported variety S11-5 from Japan. There were 12 salt-resistant materials of grade 2 in seedling stage, accounting for 10%.【Conclusion】 The salt tolerance mechanism at soybean germination stage and seedling stage were different. Under salt stress, salt-sensitive varieties were more affected by salt stress than salt-tolerant varieties.

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Study on the Recommended Fertilization Effect of Cotton Based on Yield Response Halihashi Yibati, LI Chuanlong, LIU Huan, YE Xinyu, LI Qingjun, ZHANG Yan 2021, 58(1): 72-79.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (853KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the application effect of cotton nutrient experts system in cotton nutrient management by comparing the effects of fertilizer recommended by them on yield, economic benefit, nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization of Changji cotton through field experiments.【Methods】 Six treatments were designed in the experiment: the fertilization (NE) recommended in nutrient expert system, no nitrogen fertilization (NE-N), no phosphorus fertilization (NE-P), no potash fertilization (NE-K), soil test formula fertilization (OPTS) and farmers' conventional fertilization (FP).【Results】 Results showed that, partial productivity of N, P2O5 and K2O in the NE treatment was significantly higher than those of OPTS and FP treatment, and increased by 11.43, 7.17 and 4.93 kg/kg compared with OPTS treatment, and 14.19, 7.50 and 25.60 kg/kg compared with FP treatment. Compared with FP treatment, the recovery efficiency of N and K2O in NE treatment was significantly increased by 23.17% and 13.56%, the recovery efficiency of P2O5 was approximately the same as that in FP, and the recovery efficiency of N and P2O5 was significantly increased by 26.54% and 4.19% compared with OPTS treatment, and the recovery efficiency of K2O was approximately the same as that in OPTS. The agronomic efficiency of N, P2O5 and K2O in the NE treatment was 3.27, 2.28 and 5.49 kg/kg, and 2.64, 2.24 and 4.83 kg/kg, respectively, higher than that of FP and OPTS. Compared with OPTS and FP treatment, NE treatment could reduce fertilizer input and balance application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, increase the yield of cotton by 4.72% and 5.63%,increased income by 5.64% and 7.74%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 To sum up, the cotton nutrient expert system optimizes the application amount and application method of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, promotes the absorption and utilization of them in cotton, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, and has better effect of increasing cotton yields and farmer rate s' income.

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Effects of Different Red and Blue LED Lighting Time on the Growth and Quality of Ice Plant ZHAO Mingwei, LÜ Xin, ZHANG Ze, LIU Huiying, NIU Ninger, CUI Jinxia 2021, 58(1): 80-91.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (2673KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of different red and blue light time on the growth and development of ice plant and to find the basic law of its growth and development.【Method】 In this experiment, ice plant was used as the research object, and red and blue light were used as artificial light sources. Under hydroponic conditions, a recyclable nutrient solution (EC2.8 dS/m, pH6.5) was used. After the cabbage seedlings grew to four leaves, they were transplanted into the hydroponic cubic culture system. The ratio of red light to blue light was set to (3∶1), the light intensity was uniformly set to 300 μmol/(m2·s), the fill light time was set to 8 h / 16 h (light / dark) for A treatment, 10 h / 14 h (light / dark) for B treatment, 12 h / 12 h ( Light / dark) for C treatment, 14 h / 10 h (light / dark) for D treatment, and 16 h / 8 h (light / dark) for E treatment. The effects of different red and blue light time on growth and nutritional quality of ice plant were studied.【Result】 The net photosynthetic rate of leaves of ice plant also increased with the increase of light time. The growth of ice plant under 14 h light treatment had the best growth morphology and the highest photosynthetic pigment content. Under 14 h light, the net photosynthetic rate reached the maximum, but at 16 h, the net photosynthetic rate began to decrease,and the Fv / Fm value and Φ value were the smallest; the antioxidant enzyme activity was higher under the 14 h light treatment, and the accumulation of soluble sugar and vitamin C was facilitated under the 12 h light treatment. As the illumination time reached 16 h, the content of nitrate was the highest in the leaves.【Conclusion】 When the red and blue light ratio is 3∶1 and the light time was 14 h, the growth of ice plant and its nutritional quality are better.

Plant Protection ∙ Soil Fertilizer ∙ Storage and Preservation Processing ∙ Agricultural Water and Soil Engineering ∙ Microbes ∙ Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection

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Evaluation of Chemical Control Efficacy of Grass Weeds in Spring Wheat Field WANG Yan, SHEN Yuyang, CHEN Li, MA Xiaoyan, CHEN Ruigang, HUANGFU Beijiong, GAO Haifeng, LI Guangkuo 2021, 58(1): 92-98.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (617KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of present study is to screen out herbicide which might have better control effect on grass weeds such as avena fatua and setaria viridis of spring wheat field in order to provide guidance for scientific, safe and efficient use of the herbicides.【Method】 Randomized block design was used to research the number and the fresh weight of weeds at fixed spots, and the effect of herbicides on weeds and safety to spring wheat was evaluated.【Result】 After thirty days, the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect of 7.5% pyroxsulam WG 8.44, 11.25, 14.06 g/hm2, 30% mesosulfuron - methyl OD 45.00, 67.50, 90.00 g/hm2 and 70% flucarbazone WG 18.90, 25.20, 31.50 g/hm2 was 93.65%-100.00% and 97.55%-100.00% on grass weeds in spring wheat field, respectively. The plant control effect and fresh weight control effect of 69 g/L fenoxaprop-p-ethyl EW 82.80 g/hm2, 15% clodinafop - propargyl WP 67.50 g/hm2, 5% traxos EC 60.00 g/hm2and 3.6% mesosulfuron - methyl·iodosulfuron - methyl - sodium WG 10.80 g/hm2was 92.62%-97.88% and 95.66%-98.41% on grass weeds in spring wheat field, respectively. There was no significant difference between plant control effect and fresh weight e control effect of each treatment. All the treatments did not negatively influence the growth and development of the spring wheat.【Conclusion】 7.5% pyroxsulam WG 8.44, 11.25 g/hm2, 30% mesosulfuron - methyl OD 45.00, 67.50 g/hm2, 70% flucarbazone WG, 25.20 g/hm2, 69 g/L fenoxaprop-p-ethyl EW 82.80 g/hm2, 15% clodinafop - propargyl WP 67.50 g/hm2, 5% traxos EC 60.00 g/hm2and 3.6% mesosulfuron - methyl·iodosulfuron - methyl - sodium WG 10.80 g/hm2can effectively control grass weeds such as avena fatua and setaria viridis of spring wheat field. They are safe for the growth of spring wheat and can be used in field alternation reasonably.

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Identification of the Viral Pathogens Infecting Tomato SUN Xiaojun, ZHOU Tingting, Yushanjing Maimaiti, HE Wei, LUO Wenfang, XU Jianjun, Abudusaimaiti Tuersong 2021, 58(1): 99-106.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1632KB) ( )   【Objective】 To find out the virus species that harm the facility tomato in Luopu, Xinjiang, and provide the basis for scientific prevention and treatment of tomato virus disease in this area. 【Methods】 In the autumn of 2019, 8 tomato samples with suspected symptoms of virus disease in the protected vegetable producing area in Luopu were collected and the reported tomato viruses were detected by reverse transciption-PCR (RT-PCR) using specific primers of 7 main viruses. The CP gene of the positive sample ToCV was cloned and later sequenced. Meanwhile, homology, geographic origin and phylogeny analysis were conducted. 【Results】 The results showed that STV, TYLCV and ToCV were detected in 8 samples, and the detection rates were 100%, 100% and 87.5%, respectively. TMV, CMV, ToMV and ToMMV were not detected. The 774 bp sequences of CP genes isolated in Luopu had high homology with 51 ToCV CP genes reported, and the nucleotide sequence of the CP gene of ToCV isolate from Xinjinag shared high identity (up to 95%) with those of the ToCV isolates from China, Japan, South Korea, Greece, Turkey and Brazil. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that the etiolation of tomato plants collected from Loupu county were jointly infected by two or more viruses including STV, TYLCV and ToCV. It is the first time report that ToCV spread to Hotan, Xinjiang and infected tomatoes there.

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Study on the Application Effects of Five Plant Immune Inducers on Cucumber LUO Wenfang, HE Wei, SUN Xiaojun, XU Jianjun 2021, 58(1): 107-114.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1044KB) ( )   【Objective】 The effects of 5 kinds of plant immune inducers on the photosynthetic and physiological changes and disease resistance of the cucumber were determined, and the scientific basis was provided for the application of the plant immune inducers to the cucumber.【Method】 The effects of 5 kinds of plant immune inducers on the physiological and physiological changes, disease resistance and the activity of the defense enzymes were determined by pot experiment.【Result】 Nashi778 inducer could increase chlorophyll content and advance flowering stage of cucumber plants, and the yield was 3.5 times higher than that of the control.The photosynthetic performance of cucumber plants was improved by plant immune inducer protein, and the control effect of cucumber powdery mildew was 99.07%.The protein immune preparation increased the activities of POD and CAT, which was 1.8 and 2.5 times higher than the CK value, and the control effect on cucumber powdery mildew was 70.68%.【Conclusion】 The plant immune-induced protein and the Nashi778 inducer can obviously promote the yield of the cucumber, and can improve the disease resistance of the cucumber plant to the powdery mildew, and is suitable for application in the production of the cucumber.

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Effects of Functional Microbial Agents on Wheat Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Micro-ecology GAO Yan, ZHANG Yongqiang, ZHANG Zhidong, TANG Qiyong, CHU Min, Outikuer Mahemuti, ZHAN Faqiang, ZHU Jing, SONG Suqin, GU Meiying 2021, 58(1): 115-124.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1352KB) ( )   【Objective】 To discuss the effects of microbial agents with different functions on wheat growth and soil quality in the hope of providing reference for the combination of microbial agents and wheat soil improvement, disease control and high yield.【Method】 Four treatments, including sterile water (CK), anti-lodging agent (A), precocious promoting agent (B) and antagonistic and growth promoting agent (C) were set. Through experiments of seed soaking, the effects of different functional microbial agents on the growth and development of wheat, the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the functional diversity of microbial community were studied by measuring the growth of wheat, the traditional chemical analysis method and biolog microplate method.【Result】 The addition of different functional microbial agents had different effects on the growth of wheat. Compared with CK treatment, culm fresh weight increased by 6.47% in A treatment, and the other two treatments all decreased. Plant height in B treatment significantly increased by 4.78%, and the other two treatments all decreased. Stem diameter increased respectively by 15.07% and 2.74% in A treatment and C treatment, but there was no difference in B treatment. The addition of different functional microbial agents had some effects on the physical and chemical properties of wheat soil. Their pH values were decreased, but the total salt content increased significantly in the three microbial agents. The application of different functional microbial agents promoted soil nutrient content, the content of organic matter and total nitrogen significantly increased. Compared with CK treatment, the contents of organic matter in treatment A, B and C treatments significantly increased by 8.64%, 6.46% and 12.69%, and the contents of total nitrogen significantly increased by 13.54%, 8.30% and 25.16%, respectively. The results of biology showed that the AWCD values of soil microorganisms treated with three different functional microbial agents increased by 15.10%, 1.88% and 13.95%, respectively. Shannon richness index increased by 2.13%, 0.97% and 1.80% respectively, and the utilization degree of different types of carbon sources was significantly different in different bacterial treatments. Principal component analysis showed that the microbial functional diversities of wheat rhizosphere soil were changed by different functional bacterial agents.【Conclusion】 Because of different functional characteristics, microbial agents had different effects on wheat growth and soil microecology, so it is necessary to combine them and complement each other's advantages in order to play their respective advantages.

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Effect of Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) -Biodegradable Mulch Film on Soil Enzyme Activity LIN Qing, ZENG Jun, SHI Yingwu, YANG Hongmei, ZHANG Tao, GAO Yan, CHU Min, WANG Bin, WANG Jinxin, SUN Jiusheng, HUO Xiangdong 2021, 58(1): 125-132.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1088KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) biodegradable mulch film on soil enzyme activity.【Method】 Using PE film as control, the effects of PBAT biodegradable mulch film on soil metabolic activity were analyzed by urease, amylase, β-glucosidase, and arylsulfatase activities measurements.【Result】 There were no significant differences in urease, amylase, β-glucosidase, and arylsulfatase activities between the same crop covered with PBAT biodegradable film and PE film (P> 0.05). Moreover, there were no significant differences in soil enzyme activity between different crops (except cotton) (P>0.05), and some soil enzyme activities were significantly correlated with available potassium and available phosphorus(P <0.05).【Conclusion】 There are no significant differences in the effects of PE film and PBAT biodegradable film on soil enzyme activity, which provides a theoretical reference for PBAT biodegradable film substituting PE film.

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Effects of Exogenous Nutrition Factors on Mycelial Growth of Agaricus balchaschensis LUO Ying, GUAN Yongqiang, QI Zhengxiang, HAO Jingzhe, Nuerziya Yalimaimaiti WEI Peng, JIA Wenjie, JIA Peisong 2021, 58(1): 133-142.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1713KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this test is to identify the effects of different exogenous nutrition factors, including carbon sources, nitrogen sources, culture medium, inorganic salts, vitamins and phytohormones on the mycelical growth of Agaricus balchaschensis in Xinjiang.【Method】 A single factor plate test method was used to test the isolated strain of Agaricus balchaschensis in Xinjiang.【Result】 The results showed that the best carbon and nitrogen source were soluble starch and beef extract respectively, and the most suiTable culture materials were sawdust, cottonseed shell fermentation materials and reed residues. Mycelical growth rates were enhanced on composts supplemented with inorganic salt including MnSO4, FeSO4, CaCl2, CaSO4, CaCO3; vitamins including vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin H, vitamin B9, vitamin B-h, and vitamin C; and phytohormones including IAA, NAA, 6-BA, 6-KT, gibberellin and humic acid.【Conclusion】 In the experiment, the mycelical growth of Agaricus balchaschensis was affected by different exogenous nutrition factors.

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Analysis of Culture Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of Wild Pleurotus Ostreatus Strains Nurziya Yalimaimaiti, JIA Wenjie, HAO Jingzhe, LUO Ying, JIA Peisong, WEI Peng, Wemqiemu Abuliz 2021, 58(1): 143-150.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1855KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the diversity level of the tested strains by biological culture characteristics and genetic diversity analysis of Pleurotus ostreatus strains from different sources in the hope of providing creative materials and basic data support for the enrichment and development of the germplasm resources of pleurotus ostreatus and the breeding of new varieties.【Methods】 Traditional biological methods and ISSR marker technique were used to carry out the genetic diversity analysis of 15 wild pleurotus ostreatus strains.【Results】 In the aspect of mycelia culture characteristics, the color of each strain was basically white, and there was no obvious difference between strains; There were significant differences in many aspects including colony morphology and mycelium growth, among which the strain 04131 from Yunnan Province had the fastest growth rate, while the strain 00440 from New Zealand had the slowest growth rate; 5 ISSR primers amplified a total of 62 clear DNA bands, including 59 polymorphic bands with a polymorphism ratio of 95.16%; The results of cluster analysis showed that the genetic similarity coefficient of each strain ranged from 0.58 to 0.84, and the 15 tested strains were divided into 5 groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.60, showing obvious regional characteristics. 【Conclusion】 There are significant differences in colony morphology and mycelium growth of 15 pleurotus ostreatus strains from different sources. The genetic diversity is related to its geographical origin, but not to its biological characters. The tested strains have rich genetic diversity and good domestication breeding potential.

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Experimental Study on Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient of Typical Soil in Northern Xinjiang Hudan Tumaerbai, Mulideer Tuohuojia, ZHU Zhu 2021, 58(1): 151-158.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1407KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to explore the effect of different soil texture on soil longitudinal dispersion coefficient and dispersion degree.【Method】 According to the soil physics and hydrodynamic dispersion theory, typical sandy loam, silty loam and loam in northern xinjiang were taken as examples. NaCI was used as tracer and the longitudinal dispersion coefficient of one-dimensional vertical infiltration test was carried out in the laboratory.【Result】 Because of the coarse texture of sandy loam, soil compactness is not big, the liquid is easy to diffuse. The smaller the seepage velocity, the smaller the dispersion coefficient, and the larger the seepage velocity, the shorter the time to reach the peak of soil solute concentration, and the larger the peak concentration, and the smaller the vice versa. The seepage velocity of sandy loam was 0.020 cm/min, and the longitudinal dispersion degree was 2.88 cm. The silty loam was 0.018,1 cm/min and the longitudinal dispersion degree was 3.85 cm. The loam seepage velocity was the smallest at 0.011 cm/min, and the longitudinal dispersion degree was 2.44 cm.【Conclusion】 The results show that the dispersion coefficient depends on soil texture type and seepage velocity.

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Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Alcohol Extracts from Capers Fruits and N-butanol Extracts ZHANG Yatao, BAO Xiaowei, ZENG Lanjun, WEI Chenye, HE Mengmeng, JIN Weiquan 2021, 58(1): 159-167.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1519KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of ethanol extracts of Capparis spinosa and n-butanol. 【Method】 Using ultrasonic-assisted extraction method combined with response surface to optimize the optimal ethanol extraction process with the total flavonoids extraction as the index, extract the ethanol extract to obtain the n-butanol fraction. The anti-inflammatory effect of the n-butanol extraction site was investigated using xylene-induced swelling of the auricle of mice and the capillary permeability of the abdominal cavity of the mice; the analgesic effect of the n-butanol extraction site was examined by hot plate method and twisted acetate. 【Results】 The high-dose and medium-dose groups of n-butanol significantly inhibited the auricle swelling induced by xylene in mice (P<0.01); Permeability has a significant inhibitory effect (P<0.01); high-dose and mid-dose groups in the n-butanol area could significantly increase the hot plate pain threshold in mice, and high-dose and middle-dose groups in the n-butanol area could significantly reduce the number of writhing in mice induced by acetic acid (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 The n-butanol extract of Capparis spinosa fruit has potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

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Determination of Cynuthrin Residues in Chinese Cabbages and Evaluation of the Rapid Detection Method TAN Huilin, JIN Yongsheng, YU Qi, NIU Guiyang, BAO Dongdong, CHEN Haiyuan, ZHANG Zhidong 2021, 58(1): 168-175.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (750KB) ( )   【Objective】 To detect cynuthrin residues in Chinese cabbages from markets of Aksu region, and evaluate the fast kit for cynuthrin.【Methods】 The reference method, industry standard NY / T 761-2008 and the rapid kit for pyrethroid were used to determine cynuthrin residues in Chinese cabbages. The rapid kit was evaluated according to "technical specification for evaluation of rapid detection methods of food".【Results】 None of cynuthrin residues was detected in all samples by the GC method. According to test results in different spiked levels for cynuthrin by the fast test kit, the sensitivity of the kit was 75%, and specificity for pyrethroid pesticide residues was 100%. Compared with the instructions, the false negative rate was 25%, the rate of false positive was 0, and the detection limit concentration was 0.4 mg/kg. 【Conclusion】 Cynuthrin residues in Chinese cabbage sold in Aksu region was lower than the maximum residue limit allowed. The fast kit can be used in rapid screening of cynuthrin residue in Chinese cabbage.

Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

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Studies on Antipyretic Effect of Compound Jinzhi Preparation on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Pyrexia in Chickens LI Lulu, JIANG Su, FAN Ziyang, ZHAO Hongqiong, HAO Zhihui 2021, 58(1): 176-181.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (738KB) ( )   【Objective】 The compound Jinzhi preparation (CJZ) is composed of Artemisiae annuae herba, Lonicera japonica flos, and Gardenia jasminoides ellis, which were found to have antipyretic and detoxifying functions. The present study aims to investigate the antipyretic effect of CJZ induced by inflammation in avian. 【Methods】 Building pyretic model of chicken inflammation by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) , followed by intramuscular injection of CJZ in a dose of 260 mg/100g body weight. The anal temperature of chickens was monitored per hour before and after injection.【Results】 The present results showed that anal temperature in the pyretic model group was significantly higher than that of the blank control group at 2 h after LPS injection (P < 0.01), and continued to 7 h after the injection. Anal temperature in the Jinzhi group was significantly lower than that in the pyretic model group at 1 hour after administration of JCZ (P <0.05), however, it was not significantly different from that in the pyretic model group from 2 h to 6 h after administration (P > 0.05). Two-way ANOVA results showed that the effects of different drug administration and time interactions on chicken’s temperature were significantly different (P < 0.01). 【Conclusion】 The above results demonstrated that CJZ has antipyretic effect on LPS-induced pyrexia in chickens, but the action time is short. These results can be used as reference for the pharmacodynamic studies on antipyretic drugs in avian.

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Investigation of Staphylococcus aureus Pollution and Virulence Gene Detection in Xinjiang Cattle and Sheep Industry Chain XU Lan, LIU Yingyu, MAI Duo, ZHU Mingyue, JIANG Jindou, LU Wei, ZHU Menghan, ZHENG Xiaofeng, PENG Bin 2021, 58(1): 182-189.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (738KB) ( )   【Objective】 Staphylococcus aureus is one of the more common pathogenic bacteria in nature. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is epidemic and spread worldwide, and has quickly become an important pathogen in hospital and community-acquired infections. The purpose of this study is to understand the contamination status of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from cattle and sheep in Urumqi and surrounding areas and to detect common virulence genes. 【Methods】 752 samples from cattle farms and cattle and sheep slaughterhouses in Urumqi and surrounding areas (faecal samples, milking parlor tool swabs, carcass swabs, slaughter tool swabs, etc.) were collected and Staphylococcus aureus was performed using national standard methods: isolation and identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and 10 common virulence genes detected were: sea, seb, sec, fnbA, fnbB, hla, hlb, clfa, pvl, tst. 【Result】 A total of 26 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated with an isolation rate of 3.46%. Among them, the isolation rates of dairy farms, cattle slaughterhouses and sheep slaughterhouses were 4.39%, 1.13% and 3.72%, respectively. Of these, 8 strains were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, accounting for 30.77% of the detection rate. The detection rates of virulence genessea, seb, sec, fnbA, fnbB, hla, hlb, clfa, pvl, and tst were 11.54%, 19.23%, 3.85%, 3.85%, 23.08%, 100%, 53.85%, 100%, 0, 15.38%, with the highest detection rate of clfa and hla.。【Conclusion】 Staphylococcus aureus is present in Xinjiang dairy farms and cattle and sheep slaughterhouses. Among them, MRSA pollution is serious in dairy farms. Staphylococcus aureus mainly encodes two virulence genes, hla and clfa.

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Investigation on Drug Resistance and Detection of Related Resistance Genes of Escherichia coli from Pigs SUN Huiqin, XUAN Huiyong, MAI Zhanhai, YANG Ziyan, XIA Lining 2021, 58(1): 190-196.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.01.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (992KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the resistance to common antimicrobial agents and the carrying of related drug resistance genes of E.coli derived from swine in a large scale pig farm in Aksu region of Xinjiang and to explore the relationship between drug-resistant phenotypes and drug-resistant genes.【Method】 In this study, the agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of 13 kinds of antimicrobial agents commonly used in pig farms for 443 strains of Escherichia coli isolated and identified from pigs. And the PCR method was used to detect 10 resistance genes in 4 classes of 13 antimicrobial agents.【Result】 The resistance results showed that the resistance rate of E.coli from swine to 8 kinds of antibiotics was over 70.0%, and the resistance rate to enrofloxacin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, aureomycin and oxytetracycline was over 90.0%, and it had good sensitivity to amikacin, ampomycin, cefotaxime, polymyxin E, the drug resistance rate was not more than 25.0%. The multidrug resistance results was concentrated in 7-9, accounting for 63.6%. The results of drug resistance gene detection showed that: with the exception of tetK gene, all the other 9 drug resistance genes were detected, mainly carrying floR (66.4%) and ant (3 ")-Ia (66.4%)resistance genes. 【Conclusion】 E.coli derived from swine in a large-scale pig farm in Aksu region, Xinjiang, showed resistance to at least one antibacterial drug tested, the multi-drug resistance is serious, the drug resistance spectrum is wide, and the drug resistance gene carrying rate is high. It is suggested that the transmission mechanism of drug-resistant E. coli should be monitored at the gene level, and in addition, the relevant departments should strengthen the standardized use of antibacterial drugs.