Effects of Different Amounts of Concentrated Biogas Slurry on Growth, Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cotton

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.004

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Concentrated biogas slurry is a kind of fertilizer resource produced by the processing of biogas waste and an important way for crops to realize environmentally friendly and resource-efficient production, so it is of positive significance to promote our country's agricultural ecological transformation. 【Method】 To explore the concentrated biogas slurry application technology of high yield in cotton, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of biogas slurry liquid on cotton growth dynamics, photosynthetic characteristics and yield.【Result】 The results showed that the application of concentrated biogas slurry had a significant effect on cotton growth, development and yield formation, and the greater the amount of concentrated biogas slurry liquid was, the stronger the promoting effect was. The plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation per plant, leaf area index were the best by applying 175 L/hm² concentration of biogas slurry, which were higher 8.83%, 12%, 24.78% and 16.38 % than those of the CK treatment in the same growth period, respectively. Application of concentrated biogas slurry could improve the photosynthetic capacity of cotton, and all photosynthetic characteristic parameters of cotton were optimal by applying 175 L/hm² concentrated biogas slurry, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were 29.35%, 20.60% and 17.99% higher than those of CK at full-bloom stage, respectively, while intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) was 19.66% lower than that of the CK at the same period. Using concentrated biogas slurry could increase the number and weight of boll of cotton, thus increasing the yield of cotton. The highest grain yield of 175 L/hm² concentrated biogas slurry treatment was 7 445.68 kg/hm², 17.77% higher than that of the CK. 【Conclusion】 Within the scope of this study, the higher concentration application of concentrated biogas slurry was more beneficial to the cotton growth and increase the yield.

Key words: concentrated biogas slurry; cotton; growth and development; photosynthetic characteristics; ecological agriculture

摘要： 【目的】 分析不同浓缩沼液用量对棉花生长动态、光合特性及产量的影响。研究促进棉花高产的浓缩沼液施用技术。【方法】 采用田间试验方法。【结果】 施用浓缩沼液对棉花的生长发育和产量形成有显著的促进作用,且浓缩沼液施用量越大,促进作用越强。施用175 L/hm²浓缩沼液的株高、茎粗、单株干物质积累、叶面积指数均表现最佳,各项生长指标最高时比对照同期值分别高出8.83%、12%、24.78%、16.38%。施用了175 L/hm²浓缩沼液,棉花的各项光合特性参数表现最优,盛花期时Pn、Tr、Gs分别比对照同期值高29.35%、20.60%、17.99%,而Ci比对照低19.66%。施用浓缩沼液能够提高棉花的铃数和铃重,施用了175 L/hm²浓缩沼液的籽棉产量最高,达到7 445.68 kg/hm²,比对照高出了17.77%。【结论】 施用高浓度的浓缩沼液更有利于棉花的生长发育,促进产量的提高。

关键词: 浓缩沼液, 棉花, 生长发育, 光合特性, 生态农业

CLC Number:

S562

XU Rui-qiang,DONG He-lin,XU Jiang-hui,TANG Jiang-hua,XU Wen-xiu, Kadiliya Avudukelimu,LI Da-ping,DONG Tai-lin,FU Chuan-cui. Effects of Different Amounts of Concentrated Biogas Slurry on Growth, Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(10): 1794-1802.

徐瑞强,董合林,徐建辉,唐江华,徐文修,卡地力亚·阿不都克力木,李大平,董泰丽,付传翠. 不同用量浓缩沼液对棉花生长发育及光合特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(10): 1794-1802.

References

[1] 章家恩,骆世明.现阶段中国生态农业可持续发展面临的实践和理论问题探讨[J].生态学杂志,2005,(11):115-120.
ZHANG Jia-en, LUO Shi-ming. (2005). Practical and theoretical issues on the sustainable development of Chinese ecological agriculture [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, (11):115-120. (in Chinese)
[2] 骆世明.农业生态转型态势与中国生态农业建设路径[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):1-7.
LUO Shi-ming. (2017).Agroecology transition and suitable pathway for eco-agricultural development in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 25(1):1-7. (in Chinese)
[3] 李文华.中国生态农业的回顾与展望[J].农学学报,2018,8(1):145-149.
LI Wen-hua. (2018). Review and Perspectives of China's Ecological Agriculture[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 8(1):145-149. (in Chinese)
[4] 王子臣,管永祥,盛婧,等.水稻分蘖期沼液施灌对农田水体氮素的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(12):1 544-1 551.
WANG Zi-chen, GUAN Yong-xiang, SHENG Jing, et al. (2015). Effects of biogas slurry application on paddy field water nitrogen content at tillering stage [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 23(12):1,544-1,551. (in Chinese)
[5] 唐微,伍钧,孙百晔,等.沼液不同施用量对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2 268-2 273.
TANG Wei, WU Jun, SUN Bai-ye, et al. (2010). .Effects of Application Amounts of Biogas Slurry on Yield and Quality of Rice [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 29(12):2,268-2,273. (in Chinese)
[6] 吴华山,郭德杰,马艳,等.猪粪沼液施用对土壤氨挥发及玉米产量和品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(2):163-168.
WU Hua-shan, GUO De-jie, MA Yan, et al. (2012). Effects of pig manure-biogas slurry application on soil ammonia volatilization and maize output and quality [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 20(2):163-168. (in Chinese)
[7] 宋成芳,单胜道,张妙仙,等.畜禽养殖废弃物沼液的浓缩及其成分[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(12):256-259.
SONG Cheng-fang, SHAN Sheng-dao, ZHANG Miao-xian, et al. (2011). Concentration and determination of composition of biogas slurry [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 27(12):256-259. (in Chinese)
[8] 孙国峰,周炜,何加骏,等.猪粪沼液施用后土壤理化性状及小麦产量的变化[J].江苏农业学报,2012,28(5):1 054-1 060.
SUN Guo-feng, ZHOU Wei, HE Jia-jun, et al. (2012). Changes of soil physical and chemical properties and wheat yield after swine manure or slurry application [J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28(5):1,054-1,060. (in Chinese)
[9] Min-Kyeong Kim, Soon-Ik Kwon, Hyen-Cheng Chun, et al. Impacts of Pig Manure-Based Liquid Fertilizer Agricultural Application on the Water Quality of Agricultural Catchment. Journal of Environmental Protection, (4): 195-200
[10] 江希流, 华小梅, 张胜田. 我国畜禽养殖业的环境污染状况、存在问题与防治建议[J]. 农业环境与发展, 2007, (4): 61-64.
JIANG Xiao-liu, HUA Xiao-mei, ZHANG Sheng-tian. (2007). Environmental pollution situation, existing problems and prevention and control Suggestions of livestock and poultry breeding industry in China [J]. Agro-Environment & Development, (4): 61-64. (in Chinese)
[11]刘玉莹,范静.我国畜禽养殖环境污染现状、成因分析及其防治对策[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2018,(8),19-21.
LIU Yu-ying, FAN Jing. (2018). Present situation, cause analysis and control countermeasures of environmental pollution by livestock and poultry breeding in China [J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, (8): 19-21. (in Chinese)
[12] 徐文修,马秀珍,马跃峰,等. 沼肥对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学,2008,(4):687-690.
XU Wen-xiu, MA Xiu-zhen, MA Yue-feng, et al. (2008).Effect of Anaerobic Fermentation Residues on Growth and Yield of Cotton [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, (4): 687-690. (in Chinese)
[13] 张久东,包兴国,王文丽,等.沼液叶面肥对脱水油白菜产量及品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(11):4 938-4 939.
ZHANG Jiu-dong, BAO Xing-guo, WANG Wen-li, et al. (2009). Effects of Biogas Slurry Foliar Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Dehydrated Oil Pakchoi [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 37(11): 4,938-4,939. (in Chinese)
[14] 徐全辉, 高仰, 赵强,等. 活性腐殖酸有机肥对水稻产量·养分吸收的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2010,(8): 3 951-3 952.
XU Quan-hui, GAO Yang, ZHAO Qiang, et al. (2010). Effect of Humic Acid Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Nutrient Uptake [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, (8): 3,951-3,952. (in Chinese)
[15] 柯玉琴, 潘廷国, 张可池,等. 植全叶面营养液对水稻和小白菜的若干生理效应[J]. 福建农林大学学报(自然版), 1991,(4): 444-447.
KE Yu-qin, PAN Ting-guo, ZHANG Ke-chi, et al. (1991). Some Physiological Effect of Nutrient Solution for Foliage Dressing "Zhiquan" on Rice and Cabbage [J]. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition) , (4): 444-447. (in Chinese)
[16] 徐国华, 沈其荣. 叶面营养对黄瓜生物效应的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 1997, 3(1): 36-42.
XU Guo-hua, SHEN Qi-rong, PAN Wen-hui,et al. (1997). Biological Effect of Oliar Fertilizers on Cucumber Plant [J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 3(1): 36-42. (in Chinese)
[17] 曹云,常志州,马艳,等.猪粪沼液防治辣椒疫病机理研究--沼液中铵与腐殖酸的作用[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(9):1 119-1 126.
CAO Yun, CHANG Zhi-zhou, MA Yan, et al. (2013). Control mechanism of phytophthora blight of chilli pepper by anaerobically digested pig slurry-the roles of ammonium and humic acid in biogas slurry [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 21(9):1,119-1,126. (in Chinese)
[18] 冯伟,管涛,王晓宇,等.沼液与化肥配施对冬小麦根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(4):1 007-1 012.
FENG Wei, GUAN Tao, WANG Xiao-yu, et al. (2011). Effects of combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on winter wheat rhizosphere soil microorganisms and enzyme activities [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22(4): 1,007-1,012. (in Chinese)
[19] 崔明. 施用沼液配方肥对桉树苗形态生长和生理特性的影响研究[D].海口:海南大学硕士论文,2013.
CUI Ming. (2013). Study on the Effect of Applying Biogas Slurry-based Fertilizer on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Eucalypt Seedlings[D]. Master Dissertation. Hainan University, Haikou. (in Chinese)
[20] 张凤梅,呼世斌,康康,等.沼液高效肥在大棚番茄上的应用效果研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(6):75-78, 84.
ZHANG Feng-mei, HU Shi-bin, KANG Kang, et al. (2013). Effect of highly efficient biogas slurry fertilizer on greenhouse tomatoes [J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition) , 41(6):75-78, 84. (in Chinese)
[21] 王娜. 套袋和喷施叶面肥对阿克苏红富士苹果品质及光合特性的影响[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士论文,2012.
WANG Na. (2012). Effects of Bagging and Foliar Fertilization on the Fruit Qualities and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Red Fuji Apple in Aksu[D]. Master Dissertation. Xinjiang Agriculutral University, Urumqi. (in Chinese)
[22] 王伟楠,杨改河,任广鑫,等.叶面喷施沼液对苹果树营养生长和果实品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(11):151-156, 161.
WANG Wei-nan, YANG Gai-he, REN Guang-xin, et al. (2008). Effect of spraying anaerobic fermentation slurry on leaves on growth and fruit quality of apple [J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition) , (11):151-156, 161. (in Chinese)
[23] 骆林平. 沼液浓缩液与化肥配施对水稻和油菜产量及品质的影响[D].杭州:浙江农林大学硕士论文,2010.
LUO Lin-ping. (2010). Effects of Concentrated Biogas Slurry Application Combined with Chemical Fertilizers on Rice and Rape Yield and Quality[D]. Master Dissertation. Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou. (in Chinese)
[24] 董晶晶,应晓成,徐军,等.沼液替代化肥对水稻生长的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(4):39-41, 44.
DONG Jing-jing, YING Xiao-chen, XU Jun, et al. (2017). Effect of Chemical Fertilizers Substitution by Biogas Slurry on the Growth of Rice [J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 23(4):39-41, 44. (in Chinese)
[25] 张凤华, 廖文华, 刘建玲. 过量施用氮磷和有机肥对大白菜产量和氮磷吸收的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2009,(4): 60-63.
ZHANG Feng-hua, LIAO Wen-hua, LIU Jian-ling. (2009). Effect of yield response and intaking nutritions of Chinese cabbage to excessive applying N, P and organic fertilizer [J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, (4): 60-63. (in Chinese)
[26] 杨鑫,王文娥,胡笑涛,等.沼液对水培生菜光合特性、产量及品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(7):55-59, 85.
YANG Xin, WANG Wen-e, HU Xiao-tao, et al. (2017). LI Xingjie;SU Yuanjun.Effect of Biogas Slurry on Photosynthesis, Yield and Quality of Lettuce Grown in Hydroponics Culture [J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 36(7):55-59, 85. (in Chinese)
[27] 李然,余雪标,高刘,等.畜禽粪便沼液肥对苦瓜光合作用、产量的影响[J].中国沼气,2017,35(2):110-114.
LI Ran, YU Xue-biao, GAO Liu, et al. (2017). Effects of Biogas Slurry on Photosynthesis, Output of Balsam Pears [J]. China Biogas, 35(2):110-114. (in Chinese)
[28] 万海文,贾亮亮,赵京奇,等.追施沼液对小麦光合特性及土壤酶活性和养分含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(1):35-44.
WAN Hai-wen, JIA Liang-liang, ZHAO Jing-qi, et al. (2017). Effects of topdressing biogas slurry on photosynthesis characteristics of wheat and soil enzyme activities and nutrients [J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition) , 45(1):35-44. (in Chinese)
[29] 马龙.叶面有机肥富华农对设施延后红地球葡萄生理特性的影响[J].农村科技,2015,(12):28-30.
MA Long. (2015). Effects of Foliar Organic Fertilizer "Fuhua Nong"on Physiological Characteristics of Red Grapes in Postponed Red Earth [J]. Rural Science & Technology, (12):28-30. (in Chinese)
[30] 于晓东. 发酵原料对沼渣、沼液成分的影响及沼液在番茄栽培中的作用[D].泰安:山东农业大学硕士论文,2016.
YU Xiao-dong, (2016). Effects of Fermentation Raw Material on Composition of Biogas Residue,Biogas Slurry And Effects of Biogas Slurry in Tomato Cultivation[D]. Master Dissertation. Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an. (in Chinese)
[31] 徐海东, 董合林, 徐文修, 等. 液态有机肥对滴灌棉花光合特性及产量形成规律的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2017, 33(20): 71-77.
XU Hai-dong, DONG He-lin, XU Wen-xiu, at al. (2017). Effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Formation of Cotton under Drip Irrigation [J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 33(20): 71-77. (in Chinese)