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20 October 2018, Volume 55 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Genetic Analysis and Primary Localization of Fruit Length Gene fl and Sex Expression gene a in Melon (Cucumis melo L.) FAN Wen-lin, WANG Xian-lei, LI Qun, YU Zhi-jie, LI Guan 2018, 55(10): 1765-1774.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1357KB) ( )   【Objective】 To identify the linkage relationship between fruit length gene fland sex expression gene a on LG2 (Linkage Group 2) in melon, 160 BC1 plants derived from the cross between the andromonoecious melon line 'Xizhoumi' with round fruit and the monoecious melon line 'snake melon' with oblong fruit were used to investigate the genetic mechanism and perform the primary gene localization for fruit length and sex expression type (andromonecious, monecious).【Method】 Basing on the phenotypic frequency distribution of the above two traits, the genetic mechanism was analyzed. By BSA (Bulked Segregant Analysis), 48 SSR markers on LG2 were screened to obtain the polymorphism SSR markers for the two traits. And the hermaphroditic genes were primarily localized.【Result】 The result of genetic analysis showed that the fruit length conformed to the QTL genetic mechanism, and sex expression type (andromonecious, monecious) was possibly controlled by the two genes. The result of linkage analysis showed that fruit length gene fl was localized between marker SSR247159 and marker SSR252089 on LG2, the genetic distance was 3 cm; sex expression gene a was localized between marker SSR227156 and marker CMGA36/SSR235092 on LG2, the genetic distance was 3.59 cm; the genetic distance between the two intervals was 0.6 cm. 【Conclusion】 In the BC1 populations derived from the cross between 'Xizhoumi' and 'snake melon', the fruit length gene fl and the sex expression gene a were localized in different marker regions, which proved that the two genes were not the same gene.

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Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Combinations on Protective Enzyme Activities and Yield of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation ZHANG Di, SUN Ting, WANG Ji-chuan, SHI Yuan-qiang, RAN Wen-xing, XU Ya-li 2018, 55(10): 1775-1785.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (3479KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of water and nitrogen combinations on the protective enzyme activities and the yield of winter wheat leaves under drip irrigation in the hope of revealing the physiological mechanism of water and nitrogen regulation and providing theoretical basis for water and nitrogen management of winter wheat in Xinjiang.【Method】 Xindong 20 was selected as the experimental material, and the experimental design of water and nitrogen split zone was used to determine the changes of the four protective enzymes activities and the yield components under different water and nitrogen conditions.【Result】 (1) Suitable water and nitrogen conditions could increase the activities of SOD, POD and CAT in wheat leaves. The combination of low water, low nitrogen and high water and high nitrogen produced higher MDA content. (2) Water and nitrogen had a strong coupling regulation effect on the MDA content and the protective enzyme activity. Under drought conditions, proper application of nitrogen fertilizer or irrigation under nitrogen deficiency conditions could effectively reduce the MDA content, increase the protective enzyme activity and promote the physiological activity of leaf cells. (3) With the increase of nitrogen application and irrigation, spikelet number, grain number per spike and 1,000-grain weight increased first and then decreased. The yields of N3W2, N2W3 and N2W2 were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The order of regulation effect of water and nitrogen on yield components and yield was water supply effect > nitrogen supply effect > coupling effect.【Conclusion】 The suitable water and nitrogen supply ranges in this region are 4,050-5,400 m3/hm2 and 207-276 kg/hm2, respectively. At this time, the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation in wheat leaves is small and the yield performance is the best.

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The Impact of High Temperature Stress on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Fiber Traits of Different Cotton Varieties during Flowering and Boll-setting Stage GONG Zhao-long,ZHENG Ju-yun,LIANG Ya-jun,WANG Jun-duo, GUO Jiang-ping,CHEN Quan-jia 2018, 55(10): 1786-1793.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1117KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of this study is to clarify the effects of high temperature stress on photosynthetic traits and screen high temperature tolerant varieties by studying the differences of photosynthetic characters, yield traits and quality characters among different cotton varieties under high temperature stress, in the hope of breeding ing theoretical support for breeding high temperature resistant varieties.【Method】 Five physiological indexes: leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and photosynthetic water use efficiency were measured in 20 upland cotton resources under high temperature stress, and boll setting per plant, boll weight per plant, lint percentage, yield of seed cotton, ling yield, fiber length, specific strength, micronaire value, uniformity and elongation were studied to find out their difference and relevance.【Result】 The results showed that photosynthetic traits and yield traits of 20 varieties decreased compared with CK at flowering and boll setting stage, high temperature resistance of 20 cultivars was significantly different in different varieties, but there were no differences in fiber traits. The boll number per plant and boll weight were positively associated with net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency.【Conclusion】 The net photosynthetic rate and yield of Zhongmian 35,Xiang mian 11 and Emian10 were relatively high among all the cultivars under high temperature stress through comparative analysis, which could be used for improvement of cotton breeding for anti-high temperature as the medial material and parent selection.Key words: cotton; high temperature resistance; photosynthetic traits; yield and fiber traits

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Effects of Different Amounts of Concentrated Biogas Slurry on Growth, Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Cotton XU Rui-qiang,DONG He-lin,XU Jiang-hui,TANG Jiang-hua,XU Wen-xiu, Kadiliya Avudukelimu,LI Da-ping,DONG Tai-lin,FU Chuan-cui 2018, 55(10): 1794-1802.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1361KB) ( )   【Objective】 Concentrated biogas slurry is a kind of fertilizer resource produced by the processing of biogas waste and an important way for crops to realize environmentally friendly and resource-efficient production, so it is of positive significance to promote our country's agricultural ecological transformation. 【Method】 To explore the concentrated biogas slurry application technology of high yield in cotton, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of biogas slurry liquid on cotton growth dynamics, photosynthetic characteristics and yield.【Result】 The results showed that the application of concentrated biogas slurry had a significant effect on cotton growth, development and yield formation, and the greater the amount of concentrated biogas slurry liquid was, the stronger the promoting effect was. The plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation per plant, leaf area index were the best by applying 175 L/hm2 concentration of biogas slurry, which were higher 8.83%, 12%, 24.78% and 16.38 % than those of the CK treatment in the same growth period, respectively. Application of concentrated biogas slurry could improve the photosynthetic capacity of cotton, and all photosynthetic characteristic parameters of cotton were optimal by applying 175 L/hm2 concentrated biogas slurry, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were 29.35%, 20.60% and 17.99% higher than those of CK at full-bloom stage, respectively, while intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was 19.66% lower than that of the CK at the same period. Using concentrated biogas slurry could increase the number and weight of boll of cotton, thus increasing the yield of cotton. The highest grain yield of 175 L/hm2 concentrated biogas slurry treatment was 7 445.68 kg/hm2, 17.77% higher than that of the CK. 【Conclusion】 Within the scope of this study, the higher concentration application of concentrated biogas slurry was more beneficial to the cotton growth and increase the yield.

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Effects of EM Fungi on the Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant System of Walnut Seedlings under NaCl Stress Aiermaike Caikasimu, ZHONG Hai-xia, ZHANG Wen, ZHANG Fu-chun 2018, 55(10): 1803-1808.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1135KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to explore the effects of EM fungi on the growth, photosynthetic characters and antioxidant system of walnut seedlings under NaCl stress.【Method】 Effects of EM fungi on salt tolerance of walnut seedlings were studied in pot culture under different NaCl concentrations (0, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.2%).【Result】 With the increase of stress concentration, the biomass, photosynthetic ability and antioxidant capacity of walnut seedlings decreased significantly in various treatments. Under different NaCl stress, inoculation of EM enhanced biomass and photosynthetic capacity of walnut seedlings. At the same time, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of seedlings inoculated with EM were significantly higher than those in non-inoculated plants, and the relative electric conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly lower than those in non- inoculated plants. In addition, variation in relative electric conductivity, MAD content, SOD and POD enzyme activity of non-inoculated seedlings were obviously greater than those of inoculated seedlings, after stress.【Conclusion】 The walnut seedlings are sensitive to salt stress. EM fungi can improve salt tolerance of seedlings by increasing their biomass, photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant capacity.

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Study on the Effects of Different Regions on the Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Components of Sweet Sorghum Zaituniguli Kuerban, YUE Li, TU Zhen-dong, YE Kai, Aikebaier Yilahong 2018, 55(10): 1809-1818.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1111KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the performance of sweet sorghum germplasm resources in different planting areas and to provide reference for breeding sweet sorghum varieties in Xinjiang Region.【Method】 The comparison tests for Liaotian No. 15-1, Liaotian No. 13, Liaotian No. 1, Liaotian No. 3 different varieties of sweet sorghum were performed in Manasi County and Qitai County, Xinjiang and the effects of different planting areas on agronomic traits and nutritional components of different cultivars were analyzed.【Result】 The results showed that all varieties planted in Manasi were basically shorter than those planted in Qitai, among them Liaotian No. 1 had the shortest growth period of 138 days. The biological yield of Liaotian No.15-1 in Manasi and Qitai were the highest, which were 15.94 t/hm2 and 14.88 t/hm2 , respectively. The total sugar contents of Liaotian No.1 in the two areas were the highest, which were 9.15% and 8.39%, respectively. The crude protein contents of different sweet sorghum stalks had little differences. The crude protein content of Liaotian No. 13 was the highest, which was 6.41%. The different regions had great influence on the content of total sugar, reducing sugar and crude cellulose content of the same sweet sorghum varieties, and the difference between the two places was very significant.【Conclusion】 In general, the yield and nutrients of different varieties were higher in Manasi than in Qitai. Liaotian 15-1 has the highest biological yield and the quality of total sugar and crude protein content are also good, so it can be preliminarily judged that the variety is suitable for planting and popularizing in the local and nearby areas.

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Effects of NaCl and Mannitol Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rape Seed (Brassica juncea L.) Reziya Meimeiti,WANG Juan,GU Yuan-guo,LAN Hai-yan 2018, 55(10): 1819-1828.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1668KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to carry out an evaluation of responses of seed germination and seedling growth of three cultivars of Brassica juncea to salt stress and drought stress in order to provide scientific reference for the tolerance of rape to different salt and drought stress.【Method】 Three different cultivars of Brassica juncea were treated with different concentrations of NaCl and Mannitol to study the effects on seed germination and seedling growth of three kinds of Brassica juncea.【Result】 (1) With the increase of NaCl and Mannitol concentration, the seed germination rate, plant height and seedling root length of three cultivars decreased. SG of the three cultivars at lower concentrations of NaCl (<150 mmol/L) and Mannital (<200 mmol/L ) was similar to those of the control (SG 0 mmol/L); SG at higher concentrations of NaCl (≥200 mmol/L) and Mannital (≥300 mmol/L) significantly decreased, but SG of CBJ004-34 still exceeded 78%. (2)At lower concentrations of NaCl (<150 mmol/L) and Mannital (<100 mmol/L), the seedling root length of Xinyou 9 and CBJ004-34 were similar to that of the control. At lower concentration of NaCl (<100 mmol/L), the seedling root length of Xinyou 9 was improved.【Conclusion】 These results showed that Xinyou 9 and CBJ004-34 have good salt tolerance and drought tolerance, which has provided a reference for breeding rape salt and drought tolerant materials.

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Effects of Ethylene and 1-MCP Treatment on the Postharvest Physiological Quality of 'Boxiekexin' Melon ZHANG Ming-ming,BAI Yu-jia,Rahman Aila,WANG Yu-hong,LI Meng, Maerhaba Paerhati,FENG Zuo-shan 2018, 55(10): 1829-1836.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1454KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of ethylene and 1-MCP treatment on the postharvest physiological quality of 'Boxiekexin'melon at 7℃ storage conditions in the hope of providing theoretical basis for postharvest storage and preservation technology of muskmelon.【Method】 Using 'Boxiekexin' melon as raw material, using 500 mg/L ethylene and 2 μL/L 1-MCP of melon processing respectively. The firmness, respiration rate, cell membrane permeability, soluble solids, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, titratable acid and other quality indexes were measured every 24 h.【Result】 Compared with CK, 1-MCP could significantly reduce the respiration intensity, cell membrane permeability, maintain fruit firmness, inhibit the decrease of soluble solid content, reducing sugar content, total sugar content, titratable acid content and VC content. Ethylene treatment reduced fruit firmness and promoted the reduction of fruit soluble solids, sugar and acid content and VC content.【Conclusion】 'Boxiekexin' melon is an ethylene sensitivity fruit, 1-MCP treatment can inhibit melon postharvest respiration, slow down the loss of nutrients in melon fruits, better maintain the quality while ethylene treatments increase the melon respiration rate and cell membrane permeability, reduce fruit firmness, accelerate the postharvest quality deterioration change and soften the aging process.

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The Identification of Pathogen of Pink Mold Rot on Cotton Boll and the Influence of Climatic Conditions on the Growth and Spore Germination of the Fungus JIAO Rui-lian,REN Yu-zhong,LI Zhi-qiang,DONG Hai-tao,WU Gang, ZGANG Li,LI Guo-ying 2018, 55(10): 1837-1846.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1249KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clear and definite the effects of different temperature, humidity and light on the growth, sporulation and spore germination of cotton boll red powder disease in Xinjiang, and to understand the effects of different temperature, humidity and light conditions on the growth, sporulation and spore germination.【Method】 The pathogen was identified by isolation, culture, pathogenicity, morphological observation and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. The fungus colony growth, sporulation capacity and spore germination were measured by setting different temperature, humidity and light. 【Result】 The results showed that the pathogen causing pink mold rot on cotton boll was Trichothecium roseum in Xinjiang. The strain could grow at 10-35℃ and the optimum temperature was about 25℃. It was found that it could not grow below 5℃ and above 40℃. Complete darkness and light dark alternation were beneficial to sporulation. The optimum temperature of spore germination was 20-25℃, but it could not germinate at below 5℃ and above 40℃. Spores could germinate under the condition of complete darkness, light and light dark alternation, but the optimum germination condition was complete darkness and the germination rate of spores was the highest in relative humidity above 80%.【Conclusion】 The pathogen causing the cotton boll pink mold rot was T. roseum in Xinjiang. Temperature about 25℃, complete darkness and light and dark alternately favor growth and sporulation, and the temperature at 20-25℃, completely dark, and the relative humidity above 80% were beneficial to spore germination.

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Resistance Levels of Main Common Chemical Insecticides on Different Geographical Populations of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus in Ecological Regions in Xinjiang LIU Xiu-hong, WANG Xiao-wu, DING Xin-hua, FU Kai-yun, Tursun Ahmat, HE Jiang, GUO Wen-chao 2018, 55(10): 1847-1853.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1037KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to systematically determinecomprehensively evaluates the resistance level of the main population ofLisorhoptrus oryzophilus to commonly used insecticides in Xinjiang, which is the current commonly used insecticides, and aims to providein the hope of providing a basis forscientific basis for the control scientific use of the insects.【Method】 Taking the Wensu County population (WS) in the Aksu rice region of southern Xinjiang as the sensitive baseline, the indoor main drop method was used to determine the resistance level of the 2 two main rice varieties in Qapqal in Ili River Valley and the Wujia Canal (WJQ) in the Urumqi Rice Regionto 6 insecticides in two major rice regions: Qapqal in Ili River Valley and the Wujia Canal (WJQ) in the Urumqi. The level of resistance of six species of insecticides to the field population of rice water weevil.【Result】 The two geographic populations of Qapqal and Wujiaqu (WJQ) currently had different degrees of sensitivity to the six tested agents, of which 95.87% thiamethoxam, 97% chlorpyrifos, 97% imidacloprid, 95.1% beta-cypermethrin and 98% deltamethrin were still sensitive (resistance multiple <5), but the resistance multiple to 96% chlorantraniliprole was higher than 5.92, which belonged to a low level of resistance.【Conclusion】 Therefore, it is suggested that the repeated use of 96% chlorobenzamide should be avoided or restriction of it should be encouraged in the rice growing season and the mixture and rotation with other insecticides should be paid attention to in order to delay the occurrence of resistance of rice water weevil in this area.

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Relationship between Occurrence of Rice Blast and Rainfall in Main Rice Producing Areas of Xinjiang GAO Hai-feng, BAI Wei-wei, Raxida Abdurahman, CHEN Li, LI Guang-kuo 2018, 55(10): 1854-1862.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1689KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the occurrence of rice blast in different rice growing areas in Xinjiang, and to provide scientific basis for its control.【Method】 Five-point sampling method was used to investigate the occurrence of rice leaf blast and ear neck blast in Wensu County, Shache County, Qapqal County and Urumqi in Xinjiang from 2016 to 2017.【Result】 The incidence of rice blast in different rice planting areas and different plots of the same rice planting area was different. The incidence degree of leaf blast in 2016 was Shache County > Wenshu County > Urumqi County > Qapqal County, the incidence degree of ear neck blast was Wenshu County > Urumqi > Qapqal County. In 2017, the incidence degree of leaf blast was Wensu County > Urumqi County > Shache County > Qapqal County, and the incidence degree of ear neck blast was Wensu County > Urumqi County > Qapqal County. The occurrence of leaf blast and ear neck blast was positively correlated with rainfall time and rainfall. 【Conclusion】 Rice blast occurred in the main rice growing areas of Xinjiang. The occurrence of leaf blast and ear neck blast in Wensu County was more serious than that in Qapqal County and Urumqi. The occurrence of rice blast was positively correlated with rainfall time and rainfall.

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Identification of Resistance to Acidovoraxavenae subsp. Citrulli among 17 Cantaloupe Cultivars at the Seedling Stage HAN Hong-wei, LIU Hui-fang, HAN Sheng, ZHUANG Hong-mei, SHE Jian-hua, WANG qiang, WANG Hao 2018, 55(10): 1863-1869.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1111KB) ( )   【Objective】 The occurrence of bacterial fruit spot disease of Hami melon in Xinjiang is increasing year by year. This project aims to lay a foundation for the screening of cantaloupe resources with high resistance to bacterial fruit spot disease and the breeding of resistant varieties.【Method】 In this study, the susceptible variety "Bataonghong" as control, artificial spray inoculation and two resistance classification methods were used to identify the resistance to Acidovoraxavenae subsp. Citrulli among 17 cantaloupe cultivars at the seedling stage. 【Result】 Indoor inoculation test indicated that the resistance of JM17-14 was the strongest among the 17 test materials. The relative disease-resistance index was 0.85, which expressed high resistance level. When using two resistance classification criteria, the resistance order of the tested melon was basically the same, but the resistance level was different, and the resistance of F1 hybrids in 17 tested materials was mostly between their parents, but there was also overparent dominance.【Conclusion】 JM17-14 is the resource of high resistance to bacterial fruit spot disease among the 17 tested melon materials, which can be used for the resistance gene localization and the breeding of disease-resistant varieties. The resistance level of the same melon variety resource is different by using different resistance grading standards. For this purpose, uniform resistance grading standard is required and the results of different investigators are more valuable. The resistance of Hami melon to Acidovoraxavenae subsp. Citrulli may be controlled by multiple genes, and the resistance genetic mechanism needs further study.

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Study on Overwintering Survival of Mycelia and Conidia of Walnut Leaf Spot Pathogens LIU Jin-yu,Dilnur,JIA Hai-ying,JIANG Ping 2018, 55(10): 1870-1878.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1582KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the overwintering mode and site of the pathogen of walnut leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the disease.【Method】 In 2016 and 2017, for two consecutive years from November to March in the observation gardens of five townships in Luopu County, the survival of pathogenic mycelia in different overwintering sites, conidia in different habitats and pathogens at different depths of the soil were investigated by general tissue separation and culture counting method of solid plate dilution coating.【Result】 The pathogen of walnut leaf spot disease overwintered mainly on the diseased leaves and trees, and the isolation rate was as high as 90, followed by bud and trunk bark, and the isolation rates were 87.67% and 79.58% , respectively. But the isolation rate of annual lateral branches and fruits was lower. The pathogen could also survive the winter on the tree, surface and soil layers of disabled bodies of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm. ,and the survival rate of the spores was the highest in the soil layer of 10-15 cm. However, the number of spores in 30 cm was very few, and it was found that the pathogen could survive winter in 0-20 cm soil, and the deeper the soil layer was, the less the number of pathogen was, and there was significant difference between the number of pathogen in topsoil and that in soil (P < 0. 05). 【Conclusion】 The pathogen of walnut leaf spot can survive winter in the form of mycelia and conidia on the diseased plants and plant residues in different habitats and soil.

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Effects of S-metolachlor on the Population of Main Microorganisms in Soil of Sugar Beet Field SONG Wen-yu, WU Cai-lan, DANG Fu-ming, YANG De-song 2018, 55(10): 1879-1887.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1694KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of S-metolachlor on the main microbial populations in different soil depths in sugar beet field and clarify its effect on soil main microbial groups.【Method】 【Result】 S-metolachlor mainly inhibited the bacteria in soil, and the inhibition was directly proportional to the concentration, and the maximum inhibition rate decreased with the depth of the soil. The maximum inhibitory rates of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm soil were 43.25%, 32.57% and 27.54%, respectively. The effect of S-metolachlor on the number of fungi in soil was inhibited first and then promoted. The maximum activation rate decreased with soil depth. The maximum activation rates of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm soil were 64.10%, 45.07% and 27.78% respectively. The inhibitory and activation effects of low application rate were not as obvious as those of high application rate. The effect of S-metolachlor on actinomycetes in soil was approximately inhibition, activation and recovery. The highest inhibition rates were 62.85%, 55.29% and 35.40% respectively in 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm soil, and the total number of actinomycetes showed a decreasing trend over time.【Conclusion】 The study has established the foundation for further study on soil ecosystem and scientific and rational application of S-metolachlor in fields.

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Effects of New Urea on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization of Hami Melon in Xinjiang LI Ya-li, ZHANG Yan, HU Guo-zhi, Haliha Yibati, ZHAI Wen-qiang, LI Qing-jun 2018, 55(10): 1888-1894.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1283KB) ( )   【Objective】 To find out the effects of several new types of fertilizer on the yield, quality and nitrogen absorption and utilization of Hami melon in Turpan, Xinjiang for screening out a new type of urea suitable for the application of Hami melon in Turpan, Xinjiang.【Method】 In this experiment, Huangpi 9818 was used as the research object. On the basis of the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (P2O5 140 kg/hm2, K2O 150 kg/hm2), the dry matter, yield, nutrient absorption, nitrogen utilization and quality of Hami melon under several new urea treatments (equal nitrogen amount net urea, equal nitrogen amount humic acid urea, controlled lost urea, equal nitrogen amount zinc urea, and equal nitrogen amount conventional urea plus zinc treatment) under field experiment were analyzed by using common urea treatment as control.【Result】 The results showed that the yield of Hami melon and the quality of the dry matter on the ground were increased compared with the ordinary urea treatment. The yield and dry matter of Hami melon after the application of humic acid urea were the highest, 30,452 kg/hm2 and 2,724 kg/hm2 respectively. Nitrogen humic acid urea and control urea significantly increased the nitrogen use efficiency of Hami melon and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. The effect of urea on urea was better, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate was 36.08%, the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency was 44.84 kg/kg. Compared with the common urea, equal nitrogen amount net urea, equal nitrogen amount humic acid urea, controlled lost urea, equal nitrogen amount zinc urea, and equal nitrogen amount conventional urea plus zinc treatment could improve the carotene content of Hami melon and the sugar gradient was the lowest.【Conclusion】 All factors considered, the application of equal nitrogen amount humic acid urea has the best effect on Hami melon in Turpan, Xinjiang.

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Effects of Degradation Plastic Film Mulch on Soil Temperature Soil Moisture Conservation and Cotton Growth CUI Lei, WANG Bin, SUN Jiu-sheng, HU Wei, WANG Jin-xin, ZHOU Jin-guan,QI Tong, HUANG Jian, WANG Xin-yong 2018, 55(10): 1895-1901.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1249KB) ( )   【Objective】 In view of the degradation process of degradable film in crop growth stage, the project aims to study the effect of oxo-biodegradation film on soil temperature and moisture conservation and cotton yield by field comparison experiments in the hope of suitable oxo-biodegradable mulching film for local cotton production.【Method】 Four treatments were set up in the experiment, TZ1,TZ2,TZ3 treatment as degradation film treatment, CK treatment as common mulching film treatment.【Result】 The results showed that the degradation rate and degree of the oxo-biodegradable mulching films were different and CK treatment did not degrade during the whole growth period of cotton. Almost no degradation occurred at 33 days after laying, and the film was completely degraded into debris after about 105 d TZ1 treatment. At harvest, the TZ2 degradation weight loss was 56.7%-66.2%, while the TZ3 degradation weight loss was less than 5%; When TZ1 was completely degraded, the time required was 100 d. There was no significant difference between the oxo-biodegradable mulch film and the ordinary plastic mulch film in cotton yield; In different stages of cotton, the stem diameter had no significant difference, while the cotton plant height in June of TZ1 and TZ2 treatments were significantly lower than that of TZ3 treatment; The order of soil temperature and soil moisture retention capacity at 0-10 cm under film was CK＞TZ3＞TZ2＞TZ1.【Conclusion】 Premature fracture of oxo-biodegradable mulching film greatly reduced soil moisture & soil temperature, but there was no significant effect on cotton yield, so there is still room for improving the controllability and the thoroughness of the oxo-biodegradable mulching film.

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Study on Volatile Compounds from Whole Wheat Flour by Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction XU Xin, MAO Hong-yan, WANG Xian, Halidan Yikeremu,YU Ming 2018, 55(10): 1902-1908.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1077KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the volatile components from whole wheat flour, wheat embryo, wheat bran and wheat flour in the hope of laying the foundation for the development of whole wheat flour food.【Method】 The volatile compounds from wheat flour, whole wheat flour, wheat embryo and wheat bran were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and identified by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy(GC-MS).【Result】 The results showed the wheat flour and whole wheat flour had 24 and 29 kinds of volatile compounds respectively, raw wheat embryo, raw wheat bran, ripe wheat embryo and ripe wheat bran had 27, 37, 36 and 27 kinds of volatile compounds respectively. A total of 29 volatile compounds were identified in WWF, including 7 alcohols (17.15%),9 hydrocarbons (9.5%),3 ketones (3.77%), 4 aldehydes (39.16%), 1 acids (0.76%),and 1 ester (0.72%).【Conclusion】 The number of volatile compounds extracted from WWF was obviously higher than that extracted from wheat flour. The main characteristic volatile compounds were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-pentanol and dodecane, and furfural, 3-methyl-butanal were obtained by bran ripening.

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Principal Component Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Quality of Maize Cultivars in Xinjiang MAO Hong-yan, XU Xin, YU Ming 2018, 55(10): 1909-1915.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1049KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the nutritional composition and quality of different maize cultivars in Xinjiang in the hope of providing theoretical basis for improving the nutritional quality and processing quality.【Method】 Twenty-three corn varieties widely planted in Xinjiang were collected as research samples to analyze the contents of crude starch, crude protein, crude fat, lysine, etc. and furthermore SPSS software was applied to perform principal component analysis of the values of maize.【Result】 The results showed that the content of crude starch, crude protein, crude fat and lysine were 67.01%-77.76%, 5.47%-8.37%, 2.5%-4.66% and 0.2%-0.29% respectively. Principal component analysis results indicated that the quality of 23 maize cultivars was different: the order from high to low was, 9384 > Denghai 8883 > Xinyu 74 > Xinyu 41 >Xinyu 59 > KX9384 >Xinyu 54 > 3376 > Xinyu 47 > Xinyu 80 >Heyu 187 > M753 > Xinyu 84 >Xinyu 29 > Nongrun 919 > 2564 > Xinyu 60 > Xinyu 9 > Xinyu 87 > Xinyu 65 > Xinyu 13 > Xinyu 77> 335.【Conclusion】 Although there are many varieties of maize in Xinjiang, there are not many varieties suitable for market demand. So, Xinjiang should vigorously develop forage special maize cultivars, high lysine maize cultivars, fermenting industry maize cultivars, high-starch maize cultivars, and actively develop fresh maize cultivars, vegetable oil maize cultivars and high-oil maize cultivars.

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Seed Germination and Growth Effects of Endophyte Infection on Melica transsilvanica under Cd Stress LI Ke, SHI Chong , LI Hao-yu, WANG Wen-quan, LI Yang 2018, 55(10): 1916-1926.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1723KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of Cd on (E+) (E-) seed germination, plant growth physiology and Cd content in plants in the hope of providing theoretical basis for evaluating symbiotic microorganisms to enhance plant heavy metal tolerance and controlling heavy metal Cd pollution.【Method】 The seeds infected with Melica transsilvanica (endophyte infected, E) and non-infected Melica transsilvanica (endophyte free, E-) were used as the experimental materials and different concentrations of (cadmium) Cd were applied to carry out stress germination experiment on the seeds of Melica transsilvanica, the purpose of which was to analyze the effects of endophytic fungal infection on the germination and growth of host seeds under heavy metal Cd stress.【Result】 (1) When the concentration of Cd was lower than 30 mg/L, the germination indexes of seeds were higher than the contrast. When the concentration of Cd was higher than 30 mg/L, the germination indexes of seeds showed a downward trend. When the concentration of Cd was higher than 200 mg/L, the seed germination was strongly inhibited. (2) With the increase of stress concentration, the dry matter content of both shoots and roots increased, and the Cd transfer coefficient increased gradually. (3) When the concentration of Cd was lower than 150 mg/L, the germination rate, germination potential and vitality index of E+ were significantly higher than those of E- at the same concentration (P<0.05), and the content of heavy metals in roots was significantly higher than that of the buds at the same concentration (P<0.05). The content of Cd in E- plants was significantly higher than that in E+ plants (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Endophyte infection effectively alleviated the toxicity of Cd on seed germination and growth, which further confirmed that symbiotic microorganisms could enhance the tolerance of Cd on the host M. transsilvanica.

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Microbial Metabolic Activity and Diversity Response in Different Oil and Gas Storage Areas CHU Min, LING Qing, ZHANG Zhi-dong, GAO Yan, SHI Yin-wu, YANG Hong-mei, HUO XIANG-dong, GU Mei-ying, ZENG Jun, LI Yu-guo, Otkur, ZHANG Tao 2018, 55(10): 1927-1935.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1192KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the response of soil microbial community metabolic activity and diversity to underground oil and gas storage.【Method】 The metabolic activity and diversity of microbial community in 80-100 cm soil samples from different oil and gas storage areas in Yanqi were studied by using Biolog-ECO microplate technique.【Result】 In the three areas of Yanqi, Xinjiang that the study analyzed, soil microbial communities were obviously affected by oil and gas distribution. The general rules of microbial metabolic activity were as follows: the microbial activity of favorable reservoir oil and gas region > unfavorable or difficult to evaluate reservoir oil and gas area > no reservoir oil and gas area; The contribution of amino acid and polymer utilization microbes to AWCD in the samples that were favorable to reservoir oil and gas or difficult to evaluate was higher than that in the control area, while carboxyl and amines were lower than those in the control area. Results of principal component analysis showed that the distribution characteristics of microbial communities in three different reservoirs were obviously different, and the most powerful matrixes was the D-mannitol and D-xylose in PCA 1 and PCA 2, whose respective load values were 0.97 and 0.87.【Conclusion】 Biolog-ECO microplate technology can be used as a means for preliminary exploration of oil and gas reservoirs.

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Response of Saliconia-Europea L. Chlorophyll Fluorescence System to Nitrogen in Salt Environment HUANG Jian,QI tong,WANG Zhi-guo,WANG Qing-liang,FU Yan-bo,MENG A-jing 2018, 55(10): 1936-1942.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1290KB) ( )   【Objective】 To reveal the response mechanism of photosynthesis to nitrogen level of Salicornia used in salt environment, scientific fertilization management should be carried out.【Method】 Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application levels on the fluorescence characteristics of seedling photosynthetic system II (PSII) of Saliconia grown in salt environment.【Result】 The results showed that nitrogen application in heavy salt environment could significantly increase the content of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid, but the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased when the amount of nitrogen was more than N3 (2.4 g/kg). The application of N (0-1.2 g/kg) could improve the potential photochemical efficiency of the leaves grown in salt environment, but when N application amount was larger than 1.2 g/kg, the effect was not significant; Application of N (0-4.8 g/kg) could improve the activity of PSII in the leaves of Salicornia grown in salt environment and in the range of effective light intensity (0-820 μmol/(m2·s)), the opening degree of photosynthetic system in leaves was increased, the light energy utilization rate was increased, and the tolerance of light response center in leaves was enhanced.【Conclusion】 Under the salt environment, N could increase the activity of PSII and the utilization rate, thus enhancing the adaptability to the saline environment.

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Study on the Characteristics of Biomass and Root-Shoot Ratio of the Main Natural Grassland Types in Western Xinjiang ZHA Xiang-hao, WANG Ze, LIU Yun-hua, LI Rui-xia, SHENG Jian-dong, YI Hai-yan 2018, 55(10): 1943-1951.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1790KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the characteristics of aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and root-shoot ratio of natural grassland in the hope of providing basic data and theoretical reference for the study of grassland carbon stocks in western Xinjiang.【Method】 The aboveground biomass, litter biomass and belowground biomass of four main natural grassland types in western Xinjiang were measured through typical sample plot investigation, and the characteristics of biomass and root-shoot ratio of different grassland types were analyzed.【Result】 The aboveground living biomass of the lowland saline meadows and temperate desert grasslands was higher than others in western Xinjiang, which were 121.27 and 110.78 g/m2, respectively, 2.21 and 2.02 times higher than temperate desert steppe. The belowground biomass of the alpine desert steppe was the largest, which was 2,517.77 g/m2, 1.39, 2.12 and 3.85 times higher than others. The total biomass of the alpine desert was the largest, relatively, reaching 2,578.49 g/m2, and the total biomass of the temperate desert was the smallest, which was 777.92 g/m2. The belowground root biomass of different components accounted for 89.90%, 97.65%, 96.77% and 84.16% of the total biomass, respectively. Root-shoot ratio of alpine desert steppe and temperate desert steppe were higher than others, which were 41.58 and 32.79, respectively, significantly higher than that of the lowland saline meadows and temperate desert(P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The results indicated that the order of aboveground living biomass of four natural grassland types in western Xinjiang was: lowland saline meadows > temperate desert > alpine desert steppe > temperate desert steppe, and the characteristics of belowground biomass, total biomass and root-shoot ratio of natural grassland were as follows: alpine desert steppe > temperate desert steppe > lowland saline meadows > temperate desert. The characteristics biomass of different components was as follows: belowground root biomass > aboveground biomass > litter biomass in western Xinjiang.

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A Study of Distribution Status and Conservation Method in Endemic Genus of Early Spring Flowers,Ixiolirion Fischer ex Herbert in Xinjiang ZHANG Ling-wei, LIU Hui-liang,SHENG Jian-dong 2018, 55(10): 1952-1959.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.10.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (1142KB) ( )   【Objective】 Our aims are to conserve and develop endemic genus of early spring flowers, Ixiolirion（Fisch.）Herb. resource in Xinjiang.【Method】 By consulting digital specimen and relevant phylographic analysis, comparing the publishing process, geographical distribution, and indoor germination experiment, the seed characteristics and germination traits of I. tataricum, were studied.【Result】 Seed characteristics showed the fresh, matured seed of I. tataricum had morphophysiological dormancy（MPD）, its seed germination was very sensitive to light, temperature and each other's interaction; The germination rate of seeds in the whole dark condition was significantly higher than that in the light condition, the seed germination rate in the low temperature condition（15/5℃） was higher than that in the other variable temperature condition, and the seed germination rate was the highest in the whole dark condition at constant temperature（14℃）.【Conclusion】 Seeds of I. tataricum germinate in early spring, and their morphophysiological dormancy can be broken by low temperature stratification.