Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (1): 127-139.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.015
• Horticultural Special Local Products • Previous Articles Next Articles
DOU Ziwei1(), YANG Lu2, CHENG Ping2, ZHANG Zhigang2, LI Hong2()
Received:
2022-04-17
Online:
2023-01-20
Published:
2023-03-07
Correspondence author:
LI Hong (1962 -), male, native place: Yining, Xinjiang. Researcher, doctor, doctoral supervisor, research field: forest cultivation, (E-mail)hong1962@126.com
Supported by:
通讯作者:
李宏(1962-),男,新疆伊宁人,研究员,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为森林培育,(E-mail)hong1962@126.com
作者简介:
窦子微(1995-),女,新疆沙湾人,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林培育,(E-mail)dou.z.w@qq.com
基金资助:
CLC Number:
DOU Ziwei, YANG Lu, CHENG Ping, ZHANG Zhigang, LI Hong. Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutritional Quality of Different Mulberry Varieties[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(1): 127-139.
窦子微, 杨璐, 程平, 张志刚, 李宏. 不同品种桑葚营养品质分析及综合评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(1): 127-139.
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品种 Variety | 水分 Moisture content (g/100g) | 灰分 Ash content (g/100g) | 总酸 Total acid (g/kg) | 总酚 Total phenols (mg/100g) | 蛋白质 Protein (g/100g) | 总黄酮 Total flavonoids (mg/g) | 花青素 Anthocyanin (mg/100g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
药桑 Medicinal mulberry | 81.29±0.95b | 1.52±0.12b | 43.13±0.73a | 2.37±0.14ab | 0.72±0.05g | 67.52±3.41c | 359.74±23.17a |
黑桑 Black mulberry | 90.34±0.51a | 1.98±0.17a | 10.23±0.33d | 0.44±0.03c | 1.93±0.04d | 37.62±2.79d | 5.67±0.39e |
粉桑 Pink mulberry | 80.10±2.19b | 1.37±0.12bc | 7.13±0.61e | 0.42±0.05c | 1.22±0.08f | 10.49±1.15f | ND |
仟格俪桑 Qiange Lisang | 82.10±2.57b | 1.24±0.04cd | 6.96±0.12e | 0.57±0.06c | 1.17±0.06f | 19.69±2.95e | 0.30±0.00e |
白桑 White mulberry | 83.75±1.32b | 1.38±0.06bc | 4.37±0.27f | 0.47±0.04c | 1.55±0.14e | 18.90±1.79e | ND |
山西黑桑 Shanxi black mulberry | 90.24±0.47a | 1.55±0.11b | 7.62±0.75e | 1.98±0.43b | 2.68±0.13b | 111.02±5.39b | 111.22±3.25c |
台湾黑桑 Taiwan black mulberry | 81.18±0.33b | 1.19±0.05d | 16.03±0.68b | 2.78±0.52a | 2.38±0.06c | 148.59±7.95a | 307.61±16.85b |
黑珍珠 Black pearl | 81.33±0.42b | 0.99±0.09e | 12.01±1.07c | 2.87±0.76a | 2.99±0.09a | 111.34±2.73b | 73.67±4.34d |
Mean | 83.79±4.12 | 1.40±0.29 | 13.43±11.98 | 1.49±1.11 | 1.83±0.77 | 65.68±51.23 | 107.28±140.05 |
CV(%) | 4.91 | 20.95 | 138.39 | 74.6 | 42.06 | 76.32 | 130.55 |
Table 1 Analysis on the content of basic nutrients in different varieties of mulberry
品种 Variety | 水分 Moisture content (g/100g) | 灰分 Ash content (g/100g) | 总酸 Total acid (g/kg) | 总酚 Total phenols (mg/100g) | 蛋白质 Protein (g/100g) | 总黄酮 Total flavonoids (mg/g) | 花青素 Anthocyanin (mg/100g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
药桑 Medicinal mulberry | 81.29±0.95b | 1.52±0.12b | 43.13±0.73a | 2.37±0.14ab | 0.72±0.05g | 67.52±3.41c | 359.74±23.17a |
黑桑 Black mulberry | 90.34±0.51a | 1.98±0.17a | 10.23±0.33d | 0.44±0.03c | 1.93±0.04d | 37.62±2.79d | 5.67±0.39e |
粉桑 Pink mulberry | 80.10±2.19b | 1.37±0.12bc | 7.13±0.61e | 0.42±0.05c | 1.22±0.08f | 10.49±1.15f | ND |
仟格俪桑 Qiange Lisang | 82.10±2.57b | 1.24±0.04cd | 6.96±0.12e | 0.57±0.06c | 1.17±0.06f | 19.69±2.95e | 0.30±0.00e |
白桑 White mulberry | 83.75±1.32b | 1.38±0.06bc | 4.37±0.27f | 0.47±0.04c | 1.55±0.14e | 18.90±1.79e | ND |
山西黑桑 Shanxi black mulberry | 90.24±0.47a | 1.55±0.11b | 7.62±0.75e | 1.98±0.43b | 2.68±0.13b | 111.02±5.39b | 111.22±3.25c |
台湾黑桑 Taiwan black mulberry | 81.18±0.33b | 1.19±0.05d | 16.03±0.68b | 2.78±0.52a | 2.38±0.06c | 148.59±7.95a | 307.61±16.85b |
黑珍珠 Black pearl | 81.33±0.42b | 0.99±0.09e | 12.01±1.07c | 2.87±0.76a | 2.99±0.09a | 111.34±2.73b | 73.67±4.34d |
Mean | 83.79±4.12 | 1.40±0.29 | 13.43±11.98 | 1.49±1.11 | 1.83±0.77 | 65.68±51.23 | 107.28±140.05 |
CV(%) | 4.91 | 20.95 | 138.39 | 74.6 | 42.06 | 76.32 | 130.55 |
Fig.4 Heat map of 17 single amino acids in different varieties of mulberry Note: Asp: aspartic acid; Thr: threonine; Ser: serine; Glu: glutamic acid; Gly: glycine; Ala: alanine; Cys: cysteine; Val: valine; Met: methionine; Ile: isoleucine; Leu: leucine; Tyr: tyrosine; Phe: phenylalanine; Lys: lysine; His: histidine; Arg: arginine; Pro: proline; The redder the color block,the hiher the content,Conuersely the darker the blue,the less, the same as below
Fig.5 Correlation heat map of 9 nutritional quality indexes of different mulberry varieties Note: "*": P<0.05; "**": P<0.01; MC: moisture content; AC: ash content; TA: total acid; TP: total phenolics; Pr: protein; TF: total flavonoids; An: anthocyanins; TPA: total phenolic acids; TAA: total amino acids; Red is positive correlation,Blue is negative correlation,Elliptical deviation indicates no significant correlation(P>0.05),Narrow indicates significant correlation(0.01<P<0.05),Relatively fine is extremely significant(P<0.01),the same as below
Fig.6 Heat map of 17 single amino acids in different varieties of mulberry Note: MSZS: Gallic acid; KFS: caffeic acid; AWS: ferulic acid; JZS: erucic acid; BECS: epicatechin; ECS: catechin; HPS: quercetin; LYS: chlorogenic acid; LD: rutin,the same as below
Fig.7 OPLS-DA analysis of nutritional quality of different mulberry fruits Note: a: score chart; b: displacement test chart; c: load chart; d: variable importance (VIP value) score chart;red is the point far away from the dense area and the index of VIP value greater than 1
指标 Index | 主成分Principal component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
MC | 0.38 | -0.23 | 0.11 | 0.76 | -0.33 |
AC | 0.15 | 0.16 | -0.28 | 0.90 | -0.26 |
TA | -0.05 | 0.98 | 0.13 | -0.05 | -0.08 |
TP | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.80 | -0.37 | -0.01 |
Pr | 0.52 | -0.48 | 0.68 | -0.10 | -0.13 |
TF | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.93 | -0.11 | 0.13 |
An | -0.10 | 0.78 | 0.57 | -0.01 | 0.20 |
LD | -0.04 | 0.61 | 0.58 | 0.05 | 0.47 |
LYSPA | -0.13 | 0.85 | -0.06 | 0.06 | 0.42 |
HPS | -0.11 | 0.45 | 0.75 | 0.22 | 0.36 |
ECS | -0.19 | 0.96 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.21 |
BECS | -0.19 | 0.96 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.21 |
JZS | 0.40 | -0.13 | 0.44 | 0.76 | 0.20 |
AWS | 0.23 | -0.09 | 0.17 | -0.66 | -0.30 |
KFS | -0.25 | 0.85 | 0.28 | 0.03 | 0.27 |
MSZS | -0.02 | -0.01 | 0.22 | -0.09 | 0.96 |
Pro | 0.79 | 0.57 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.05 |
Arg | 0.92 | -0.17 | 0.29 | 0.01 | -0.01 |
His | 0.98 | -0.02 | 0.09 | 0.05 | -0.15 |
Lys | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.17 | -0.03 |
Phe | 0.97 | -0.20 | 0.04 | -0.04 | -0.08 |
Tyr | 0.91 | -0.32 | -0.08 | 0.18 | -0.08 |
Leu | 0.98 | -0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | -0.07 |
Ile | 0.98 | -0.06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | -0.11 |
Met | 0.96 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
Val | 0.98 | -0.09 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.00 |
Cys | 0.79 | -0.40 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
Ala | 0.76 | -0.42 | 0.01 | -0.39 | 0.14 |
Gly | 0.99 | -0.07 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
Glu | 0.87 | -0.04 | 0.49 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Ser | 0.96 | -0.21 | 0.07 | -0.05 | 0.09 |
Thr | 0.99 | -0.15 | 0.04 | 0.05 | -0.05 |
Asp | 0.55 | -0.35 | 0.63 | 0.41 | -0.08 |
Ev | 15.08 | 6.98 | 4.53 | 3.09 | 2.09 |
CR(%) | 45.70 | 21.15 | 13.72 | 9.36 | 6.33 |
CCR(%) | 45.70 | 66.85 | 80.57 | 89.93 | 96.26 |
Table 3 Analysis of rotation factor load matrix, eigenvalue and variance contribution rate of different mulberry varieties
指标 Index | 主成分Principal component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
MC | 0.38 | -0.23 | 0.11 | 0.76 | -0.33 |
AC | 0.15 | 0.16 | -0.28 | 0.90 | -0.26 |
TA | -0.05 | 0.98 | 0.13 | -0.05 | -0.08 |
TP | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.80 | -0.37 | -0.01 |
Pr | 0.52 | -0.48 | 0.68 | -0.10 | -0.13 |
TF | 0.28 | 0.14 | 0.93 | -0.11 | 0.13 |
An | -0.10 | 0.78 | 0.57 | -0.01 | 0.20 |
LD | -0.04 | 0.61 | 0.58 | 0.05 | 0.47 |
LYSPA | -0.13 | 0.85 | -0.06 | 0.06 | 0.42 |
HPS | -0.11 | 0.45 | 0.75 | 0.22 | 0.36 |
ECS | -0.19 | 0.96 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.21 |
BECS | -0.19 | 0.96 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.21 |
JZS | 0.40 | -0.13 | 0.44 | 0.76 | 0.20 |
AWS | 0.23 | -0.09 | 0.17 | -0.66 | -0.30 |
KFS | -0.25 | 0.85 | 0.28 | 0.03 | 0.27 |
MSZS | -0.02 | -0.01 | 0.22 | -0.09 | 0.96 |
Pro | 0.79 | 0.57 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.05 |
Arg | 0.92 | -0.17 | 0.29 | 0.01 | -0.01 |
His | 0.98 | -0.02 | 0.09 | 0.05 | -0.15 |
Lys | 0.98 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.17 | -0.03 |
Phe | 0.97 | -0.20 | 0.04 | -0.04 | -0.08 |
Tyr | 0.91 | -0.32 | -0.08 | 0.18 | -0.08 |
Leu | 0.98 | -0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | -0.07 |
Ile | 0.98 | -0.06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | -0.11 |
Met | 0.96 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
Val | 0.98 | -0.09 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.00 |
Cys | 0.79 | -0.40 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.12 |
Ala | 0.76 | -0.42 | 0.01 | -0.39 | 0.14 |
Gly | 0.99 | -0.07 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
Glu | 0.87 | -0.04 | 0.49 | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Ser | 0.96 | -0.21 | 0.07 | -0.05 | 0.09 |
Thr | 0.99 | -0.15 | 0.04 | 0.05 | -0.05 |
Asp | 0.55 | -0.35 | 0.63 | 0.41 | -0.08 |
Ev | 15.08 | 6.98 | 4.53 | 3.09 | 2.09 |
CR(%) | 45.70 | 21.15 | 13.72 | 9.36 | 6.33 |
CCR(%) | 45.70 | 66.85 | 80.57 | 89.93 | 96.26 |
性状 Character | 主成分Principal component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
MC | -0.019 | -0.024 | 0.074 | 0.240 | -0.167 |
AC | 0.005 | 0.056 | -0.062 | 0.289 | -0.092 |
TA | 0.026 | 0.162 | -0.005 | -0.019 | -0.092 |
TPh | -0.013 | 0.031 | 0.208 | -0.125 | -0.129 |
TPr | -0.026 | -0.099 | 0.220 | -0.043 | -0.137 |
TF | -0.029 | -0.023 | 0.242 | -0.035 | -0.056 |
An | -0.010 | 0.091 | 0.109 | 0.006 | 0.006 |
LD | -0.002 | 0.056 | 0.078 | 0.030 | 0.170 |
LYSPA | 0.045 | 0.134 | -0.121 | 0.027 | 0.220 |
HPS | -0.037 | 0.017 | 0.164 | 0.087 | 0.086 |
ECS | 0.018 | 0.165 | -0.028 | -0.011 | -0.146 |
BECS | 0.018 | 0.165 | -0.028 | -0.011 | -0.146 |
JZS | -0.014 | -0.038 | 0.093 | 0.250 | 0.082 |
AWS | 0.010 | -0.007 | 0.079 | -0.231 | -0.195 |
KFS | 0.004 | 0.112 | 0.015 | 0.021 | 0.084 |
MSZS | 0.025 | -0.041 | -0.067 | -0.013 | 0.511 |
Pro | 0.086 | 0.119 | -0.046 | -0.022 | 0.022 |
Arg | 0.055 | -0.008 | 0.035 | -0.020 | -0.005 |
His | 0.074 | 0.036 | -0.022 | -0.014 | -0.053 |
Lys | 0.082 | 0.040 | -0.058 | 0.029 | 0.025 |
Phe | 0.075 | 0.007 | -0.038 | -0.040 | -0.004 |
Tyr | 0.068 | -0.010 | -0.060 | 0.035 | 0.018 |
Leu | 0.075 | 0.026 | -0.031 | -0.001 | -0.009 |
Ile | 0.078 | 0.032 | -0.042 | -0.009 | -0.023 |
Met | 0.070 | 0.034 | 0.001 | -0.006 | 0.006 |
Val | 0.079 | 0.022 | -0.050 | 0.013 | 0.038 |
Cys | 0.044 | -0.048 | -0.004 | 0.058 | 0.094 |
Ala | 0.068 | -0.043 | -0.053 | -0.148 | 0.116 |
Gly | 0.083 | 0.027 | -0.051 | -0.018 | 0.036 |
Glu | 0.041 | 0.000 | 0.090 | -0.013 | -0.030 |
Ser | 0.080 | -0.002 | -0.050 | -0.042 | 0.088 |
Thr | 0.078 | 0.015 | -0.045 | -0.011 | 0.012 |
Asp | -0.026 | -0.074 | 0.190 | 0.128 | -0.094 |
Table 4 Principal component score coefficient matrix of nutritional quality of different mulberry varieties
性状 Character | 主成分Principal component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
MC | -0.019 | -0.024 | 0.074 | 0.240 | -0.167 |
AC | 0.005 | 0.056 | -0.062 | 0.289 | -0.092 |
TA | 0.026 | 0.162 | -0.005 | -0.019 | -0.092 |
TPh | -0.013 | 0.031 | 0.208 | -0.125 | -0.129 |
TPr | -0.026 | -0.099 | 0.220 | -0.043 | -0.137 |
TF | -0.029 | -0.023 | 0.242 | -0.035 | -0.056 |
An | -0.010 | 0.091 | 0.109 | 0.006 | 0.006 |
LD | -0.002 | 0.056 | 0.078 | 0.030 | 0.170 |
LYSPA | 0.045 | 0.134 | -0.121 | 0.027 | 0.220 |
HPS | -0.037 | 0.017 | 0.164 | 0.087 | 0.086 |
ECS | 0.018 | 0.165 | -0.028 | -0.011 | -0.146 |
BECS | 0.018 | 0.165 | -0.028 | -0.011 | -0.146 |
JZS | -0.014 | -0.038 | 0.093 | 0.250 | 0.082 |
AWS | 0.010 | -0.007 | 0.079 | -0.231 | -0.195 |
KFS | 0.004 | 0.112 | 0.015 | 0.021 | 0.084 |
MSZS | 0.025 | -0.041 | -0.067 | -0.013 | 0.511 |
Pro | 0.086 | 0.119 | -0.046 | -0.022 | 0.022 |
Arg | 0.055 | -0.008 | 0.035 | -0.020 | -0.005 |
His | 0.074 | 0.036 | -0.022 | -0.014 | -0.053 |
Lys | 0.082 | 0.040 | -0.058 | 0.029 | 0.025 |
Phe | 0.075 | 0.007 | -0.038 | -0.040 | -0.004 |
Tyr | 0.068 | -0.010 | -0.060 | 0.035 | 0.018 |
Leu | 0.075 | 0.026 | -0.031 | -0.001 | -0.009 |
Ile | 0.078 | 0.032 | -0.042 | -0.009 | -0.023 |
Met | 0.070 | 0.034 | 0.001 | -0.006 | 0.006 |
Val | 0.079 | 0.022 | -0.050 | 0.013 | 0.038 |
Cys | 0.044 | -0.048 | -0.004 | 0.058 | 0.094 |
Ala | 0.068 | -0.043 | -0.053 | -0.148 | 0.116 |
Gly | 0.083 | 0.027 | -0.051 | -0.018 | 0.036 |
Glu | 0.041 | 0.000 | 0.090 | -0.013 | -0.030 |
Ser | 0.080 | -0.002 | -0.050 | -0.042 | 0.088 |
Thr | 0.078 | 0.015 | -0.045 | -0.011 | 0.012 |
Asp | -0.026 | -0.074 | 0.190 | 0.128 | -0.094 |
品种 Variety | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | D综 | 排序 Sorting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
药桑 Medicinal mulberry | -0.46 | 2.37 | -0.11 | -0.07 | -0.52 | 0.24 | 4 |
黑桑 Black mulberry | 1.56 | -0.06 | -0.85 | 1.59 | -0.14 | 0.75 | 1 |
粉桑 Pink mulberry | -1.50 | -0.70 | -0.57 | -0.14 | -0.44 | -0.99 | 8 |
仟格俪桑 Qiange Lisang | -0.09 | -0.19 | -1.01 | -0.53 | 1.23 | -0.20 | 6 |
白桑 White mulberry | -0.42 | -0.63 | -0.77 | -0.06 | -0.15 | -0.46 | 7 |
山西黑桑 Shanxi black mulberry | -0.42 | -0.60 | 1.46 | 0.91 | -1.02 | -0.10 | 5 |
台湾黑桑 Taiwan black mulberry | 0.00 | 0.11 | 1.40 | 0.13 | 1.82 | 0.36 | 3 |
黑珍珠 Black pearl | 1.33 | -0.30 | 0.46 | -1.82 | -0.79 | 0.40 | 2 |
Table 5 Comprehensive evaluation score and ranking of nutritional quality of different mulberry varieties
品种 Variety | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | D综 | 排序 Sorting |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
药桑 Medicinal mulberry | -0.46 | 2.37 | -0.11 | -0.07 | -0.52 | 0.24 | 4 |
黑桑 Black mulberry | 1.56 | -0.06 | -0.85 | 1.59 | -0.14 | 0.75 | 1 |
粉桑 Pink mulberry | -1.50 | -0.70 | -0.57 | -0.14 | -0.44 | -0.99 | 8 |
仟格俪桑 Qiange Lisang | -0.09 | -0.19 | -1.01 | -0.53 | 1.23 | -0.20 | 6 |
白桑 White mulberry | -0.42 | -0.63 | -0.77 | -0.06 | -0.15 | -0.46 | 7 |
山西黑桑 Shanxi black mulberry | -0.42 | -0.60 | 1.46 | 0.91 | -1.02 | -0.10 | 5 |
台湾黑桑 Taiwan black mulberry | 0.00 | 0.11 | 1.40 | 0.13 | 1.82 | 0.36 | 3 |
黑珍珠 Black pearl | 1.33 | -0.30 | 0.46 | -1.82 | -0.79 | 0.40 | 2 |
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