无人机播前喷施除草剂防除棉田杂草效果评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 分析不同喷药处理喷施33%二甲戊灵乳油对棉田杂草防效及棉花生长发育的影响,为棉田无人机播前喷施除草剂提供理论依据。【方法】 在新疆机采棉种植模式下,选择土壤封闭剂二甲戊灵为供试除草剂,设计播前无人机3个不同浓度喷药,车载喷药机喷药和不喷药5个处理,分析不同处理对棉田杂草防效及棉花生长发育的影响。【结果】 无人机喷施二甲戊灵进行棉田播前土壤处理,处理2(3 450 mL/hm²时)控草效果与车载喷药机处理相当,防治效果均达到94.00%,且显著好于不施药效果,出苗率均达59.71%,与不施药处理差异不显著。增加药剂浓度1 200 mL/hm²对棉花出苗有影响,出苗率降低7.54%,但差异不显著。无人机喷药处理株高、叶龄、地上部干物质重、叶面积指数与车载喷药机喷药处理间差异不显著,显著高于不喷药处理。【结论】 无人机喷施播前二甲戊灵浓度3 450 mL/hm²时与车载喷药机喷施浓度3 450 mL/hm²防草效果和棉花生长发育相当,可在大田推广使用。

关键词: 棉田; 植保无人机; 除草剂; 防除杂草; 效果评价; 生长发育

Abstract:

【Objective】 To analyze the effects of spraying 33% dimethylpropyl on weed control and cotton growth in cotton field under different spraying treatments and provide a theoretical basis for spraying herbicide in cotton field before UAV sowing.【Methods】 In this study, under the planting mode of mechanically harvested cotton in Xinjiang, the soil sealant dimetalin was selected as the test herbicide, and 5 treatments with different concentrations were designed before sowing by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spraying, and 5 treatments with locomotive spraying and 5 treatments without spraying to analyze the effects of different treatments on weed control efficiency and cotton growth and development in cotton fields.【Results】 In the soil treatment of cotton field before sowing, the grass control effect of treatment 2 (at the dosage of 3,450 mL/hm²) was similar to that of locomotive spraying, and the control effect reached 94.00%, which was significantly better than that of treatment without application, and the seedling emergence rate reached 59.71%, which was not significantly different from that of treatment without application. Increasing the concentration of 1,200mL /hm² had an effect on cotton seedling emergence, and the seedling emergence rate was decreased by 7.54%, but the difference was not significant. Secondly, there were no significant differences in plant height, leaf age, aboveground dry matter weight, leaf area index (LAI) between UAV spraying treatment and locomotive spraying treatment, but significantly higher than that without spraying treatment.【Conclusion】 When the concentration of dimetalin was 3,450 mL/hm² before spraying with UAV, it has the same effect on weed control as the growth and development of cotton, so it could be recommended to be used in the field in the future.

Key words: cotton; plant-protection UAV; herbicides; control of weed; effect evaluation; growth characters

中图分类号:

S562
S475

张栋海, 魏俊梅, 陈兵, 吉光鹏, 王凡, 牛蛉磊. 无人机播前喷施除草剂防除棉田杂草效果评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(12): 3022-3029.

ZHANG Donghai, WEI Junmei, CHEN Bing, JI Guangpeng, WANG Fan, NIU Linglei. Evaluation on Effects of Herbicide Sprayed on Cotton Fields before Sowing by UAV[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(12): 3022-3029.

图/表 4

表1 试验处理

Table 1 Test design

处理 Reatment	药药剂 Erbicide	用药量 Osage (ml/hm²)	喷药液量 Prayvoiume (L/hm²)	喷施药机械 Pray achinery	面积 Area(hm²)
1	33%二甲戊灵乳油	2 250	18	无人机	0.1
2	33%二甲戊灵乳油	3 450	18	无人机	0.1
3	33%二甲戊灵乳油	4 650	18	无人机	0.1
4	33%二甲戊灵乳油	3 450	18	车载喷药机	0.1
5	清水	0	18	无人机	0.1

图1 播种后10 d、20 d各喷药处理下杂草萌发数量和防治效果变化注:图表中不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著,不同大写字母表示在0.01水平上差异极显著。下同

Fig 1 The germination number and control effect of weeds treated by spraying at 10 d and 20 d after sowing Note:In the figure and table, different lowercaseletters indicate that the difference treatmeansatP<0.05 is significant, different uppercaseletters indicate that the difference treatmeans at P<0.01 is significant.The same as below

图2 播种后10 d、20 d各喷药处理下棉花出苗数量和出苗率变化

Fig 2 The number and rate of emergence of cotton seedlings of each spray treatment 10 d and 20 d after sowing

图3 各喷药处理下棉花生长指标变化

Fig.3 Changes of cotton growth index in each spray treatment

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