干旱荒漠区农田防护林正负效应及其影响机制

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究干旱区农田防护林胁地的效应。【方法】 选取新疆150团一处南北走向的农田防护林以及西侧的棉田为研究对象，针对农田防护林对棉田的各个胁地因子，对比分析距离农田防护林不同树高（H为农田防护林平均树高15 m）倍数处棉田的气象、土壤及棉花生长状况等因素的时空变化及分布特征，研究防护林对棉田的胁迫规律、胁迫程度，筛选出农田防护林胁地的主导因子。【结果】 150团农田防护林杨树树种发达的根系是构成林带胁地的主要原因；引起农田防护林对棉田胁地的气象因素是光照与土壤含水量，相关系数可达0.972与0.995；造成农田防护林对棉田胁地的主要肥力因素是土壤有机质与全氮，相关系数可达0.980与0.992；农田防护林对棉花前期生长发育状况影响较大，后期胁地症状有所缓解。【结论】 农田防护林对棉田土壤有机质及全氮影响较大，在前期通过降低光照强度及土壤含水量影响棉花生长。

关键词: 农田防护林; 棉田; 气象; 肥力; 胁地

Abstract:

【Objective】 With the transformation of irrigation methods in Xinjiang， to explore the effects of farmland shelterbelts in arid areas. 【Method】 In this study， a north-south farmland shelterbelt in the 150 regiment of Xinjiang and a cotton field on the west side were selected as the research objects. The different tree heights of the farmland shelterbelt from the farmland shelterbelt were compared and analyzed based on the various factors of the farmland shelterbelt on the cotton field （H is the average farmland shelterbelt The spatiotemporal changes and distribution characteristics of factors such as weather， soil and cotton growth conditions in cotton fields at tree heights of 15 m） were used to study the stress law and stress degree of shelter forests on cotton fields， and screen out the dominant factors of farmland shelter forest threats. 【Results】 The results showed that the well-developed root system of poplar tree species in 150 groups of farmland shelterbelts is the main reason for the threat of the forest belt； the meteorological factors that cause farmland shelterbelts to the cotton land threat are light and soil moisture， and the correlation coefficient can reach 0.972 and 0.995； The main fertility factors that cause farmland shelterbelts to cotton field are soil organic matter and total nitrogen， and the correlation coefficients can reach 0.980 and 0.992. Farmland shelterbelts have a greater impact on the growth and development of cotton in the early stage， and the later symptoms of threatened land are alleviated. 【Conclusion】 Farmland shelterbelts have a greater impact on soil organic matter and total nitrogen in cotton fields. In the early stage， the growth of cotton was affected by reducing light intensity and soil moisture content.

Key words: farmland shelterbelt; cotton fields; meteorological; fertility; soil-coerced

中图分类号:

S164

马彬, 王帅, 吴依衍, 姜艳. 干旱荒漠区农田防护林正负效应及其影响机制[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(9): 2232-2239.

MA Bin, WANG Shuai, WU Yiyan, JIANG Yan. Study on the Tire Effect of Farmland Shelter Forest in Arid Desert Area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(9): 2232-2239.

图/表 9

参考文献 23

[1]	朱玉伟, 王永红, 陈启民, 等. 新疆150团农田防护林胁地效应研究[J]. 防护林科技, 2010,(4):9-11.
	ZHU Yuwei, WANG Yonghong,. CHEN Qimin, et al. Study on the Tied Land Effect of Farmland Shelter Forest in Xinjiang 150[J]. Protection Forest Technology, 2010,(4):9-11.
[2]	DENGRX, LI Y, ZHANG SW, et al. Assessment of the effects of the shelterbelt on the soil temperature atregional scale based on MODIS data[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2011, 22(1): 65-70. DOI URL
[3]	Sagrario GV, Geoff MG, Anantanarayanan R, et al. Plant diversity and habitatstructureaffect tree growth,herbivoryand natural enemies in shelterbelts[J], Basic Appl. Ecol. 2010, 11: 542-549. DOI URL
[4]	YAN QL, ZHU JJ, ZHENG X et al., Causal effects of shelter forests and water factors on desertification control during 2000-2010 at the Horqin Sandy Land region, China[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2014, 26(1):33-45. DOI URL
[5]	薛灵芝, 戴荣强. 农田防护林林带胁地原因及对策[J]. 内蒙古林业, 2001,(4):30.
	XUE Lingzhi, DAI Rongqiang. Causes and countermeasures of threatened land in farmland shelterbelts[J]. Inner Mongolia Forestry, 2001,(4):30.
[6]	朱廷曜, 关德新, 周广胜, 等. 农田防护林生态工程学[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2001.
	ZHU Tingyao, GUAN Dexin, ZHOU Guangsheng, et al. Ecologial Engineering of Farmland Shelterbelt[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 2001.
[7]	Brandle J R, Hodges L, Zhou XH. Windbreaks in North American agricultural systems[J]. Agroforestry Systems, 2004, 61(1-3):65-78.
[8]	范志平, 关文彬, 曾德慧, 等. 东北地区农田防护林高效多功能经营的指标体系及标准研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2001, 12(5):701-705.
	FAN Zhiping., GUAN Wenbin, ZEN Dehui, et al. Study on the index system and standards for efficient and multifunctional management of farmland shelterbelts in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2001, 12(5):701-705. DOI URL
[9]	崔晶. 豫东平原农林间作竞争与控制研究[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2014.
	CUI Jing. A Study on the Competition and Control of Intercropping Between Agriculture and Forestry in the Eastern Henan Plain[D]. ZhenZHou: Henan Agricultural University, 2014.
[10]	尚静原, 赵焕成, 王宝珠. 农田防护林胁地效应及其解决对策[J]. 防护林科技, 2006,(4):71-97.
	SHANG Jingyuan, ZHAO Huancheng, WANG Baozhu. The threat effect of farmland shelterbelt and its countermeasures[J]. Protection Forest Technology, 2006,(4):71-97.
[11]	阎富, 井国臣, 赵会明. 农田防护林带胁地及防治措施的研究[J]. 水土保持科技情报, 1998,(1):20-21.
	YAN Fu, JING Guochen, ZHAO Huiming. Study on threatened land and prevention measures of farmland shelterbelts[J]. Science and Technology Information of Soil and Water Conservation, 1998,(1):20-21.
[12]	J.P.A. LamersAgronomie and Soeio-Eeonomie Aspects of Windbreaks in Southwest-Niger,The Fourth International Symposium,Windbreaks and Agroforestry, 1993,Hedeselskabet Denmark.
[13]	赵凌泉, 李成烈, 赵岭, 等. 音河乡农田防护林胁地状况的调查研究[J]. 防护林科技, 1992,(1):1-5.
	ZHAO Lingquan, LI Chenglie, ZHAO Lin, et al. Investigation and Research on the Tied Land Condition of Farmland Shelterbelt in Yinhe Township[J]. Protection Forest Technology, 1992,(1):1-5.
[14]	袁素芬, 陈亚宁, 李卫红. 干旱区新垦绿洲防护林体系的防护效益分析-以克拉玛依农业综合开发区为例[J]. 中国沙漠, 2007,(4):600-607.
	YUAN Sufen, CHEN Yaning, LI Weihong. Analysis of the protection benefit of the newly reclaimed oasis protection forest system in arid area——Taking Karamay Agricultural Comprehensive Development Zone as an example[J]. China Desert, 2007,(4):600-607.
[15]	Cleugh HA. Effect of wind break son air flow, micro climates and crop yields[J]. Agro forestry Systems, 1998,(41):55-84.
[16]	Brenner AJ, Jarvis PG, Beldt RJVD. Windbreak-crop interactions in the Sahel. 2. Growth response of millet in shelter. Agric For Meteorol, 1995, (75): 235-262.
[17]	JUDD M, MCANENEY J. Shelterbelts and kiwifruit production[J]. ActaHortic, 1992,(297):255-262.
[18]	聂哲. 区域尺度农田防护林的气候效应及对农作物增产机制的研究[D]. 沈阳农业大学, 2020.
	NIE Zhe. Study on the Climate Effects of Farmland Shelterbelts at the Regional Scale and the Mechanism for Increasing Crop Yield[D]. Shenyang Agricultural University, 2020.
[19]	SINGH H P, KOHLI R K, BATISH D R. Impact ofpopulusdeltoidesanddalbergiasissooshelterbelts on wheat:a comparative study[J]. Int Tree Crop J, 1999, 10(1):51-60.
[20]	孙国吉, 张金池, 王智, 等. 徐淮平原杨树林带的胁地规律.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)[J], 27(4): 67-71. 2003.
	SUN Guoji, ZHANG Jinchi, WANG Zhi, et al. The threatened land law of the poplar forest belt in the Xuhuai Plain[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition)[J], 27(4): 67-71. 2003.
[21]	王广钦, 樊巍. 农田林网内土壤水分变化动态的研究.河南农业大学学报[J], 22(3): 285-293. 1988.
	WANG Guang-qin, FAN Wei. Study on the dynamics of soil moisture changes in the farmland forest network[J]. Journal of Henan AgriculturalUniversity, 22(3): 285-293. 1988.
[22]	刘锋, 甄世霞, 王佳河, 等. 民勤县林带边缘农作物减产因子探析[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(18):5831-5832.
	LIU Feng, ZHEN Shixia, WANG Jiahe, et al. Analysis on the factors of crop yield reduction at the edge of forest belt in Minqin County[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 42(18):5831-5832.
[23]	KOWALCHUK T E, DE JONG E. Shelterbelts and their effect on crop yield[J]. Can J Soil Sci, 1995, 75(4):543-550. DOI URL

测点 Measuring point	6月22日（苗期 Seedling stage ）	7月16日（铃期 Bell period）	8月2日（蕾期 Bud stage）
0.1H	5.14^e	24.12^e	46.39^d
0.25H	11.45^d	88.25^d	177.45^c
0.5H	40.04^c	139.55^c	241.76^b
1H	50.17^b	154.60^b	261.21^a
2H	60.89^a	161.07^a	267.31^a
3H	61.04^a	164.34^a	271.75^a

测点 Measuring point	6月22日（苗期 Seedling stage ）	7月16日（铃期 Bell period）	8月2日（蕾期 Bud stage）
0.1H	5.14^e	24.12^e	46.39^d
0.25H	11.45^d	88.25^d	177.45^c
0.5H	40.04^c	139.55^c	241.76^b
1H	50.17^b	154.60^b	261.21^a
2H	60.89^a	161.07^a	267.31^a
3H	61.04^a	164.34^a	271.75^a

项目 Item	光照强度 Light intensity	空气湿度 Air humidity	风速 Wind speed	空气温度 Air temperature	蒸发量 Evaporation
相关系数 Correlation coefficient	0.995	0.237	0.963	0.923	0.920
P	0.000	0.326	0.001	0.004	0.005

项目 Item	光照强度 Light intensity	空气湿度 Air humidity	风速 Wind speed	空气温度 Air temperature	蒸发量 Evaporation
相关系数 Correlation coefficient	0.995	0.237	0.963	0.923	0.920
P	0.000	0.326	0.001	0.004	0.005

测点 Measuring point	4月30日-5月30日	6月10日-7月10日	7月25日-9月15日
0.1H	0.042^b	0.088^c	0.078^c
0.25H	0.056^b	0.127^c	0.093^c
0.5H	0.085^b	0.224^c	0.256^c
1H	0.348^b	0.915^b	0.750^b
2H	0.736^a	1.514^a	1.407^a
3H	0.757^a	1.558^a	1.429^a