塑型剂对棉花农艺性状及产量品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同塑型剂对棉花农艺性状及产量品质的影响,为选择合理棉花塑型剂提供理论依据。【方法】以棉花品种新陆早67号为材料,于人工打顶前选取3种塑型剂按照药剂施用方法,在棉花盛蕾期(6月26日)与初花期(7月13日)施药2次,2次施药量设置为T₁氟节胺70 ml/667m²、T₂羟芸·烯效唑 12 mL/667m²与T₃调环酸钙15 g/667m²和对照(CK)甲哌鎓5.5 g/667m²。【结果】调环酸钙对株高伸长抑制作用最佳,氟节胺与羟芸·烯效唑对株高抑制作用稍弱。氟节胺、羟芸·烯效唑与调环酸钙处理下,株高表现较对照缩节胺高出7.20%、5.90%、4.36%。氟节胺能够促进棉株紧凑,高宽比表现与氟节胺、羟芸·烯效唑处理呈现差异,但不显著。氟节胺与调环酸钙能够有效促进棉花果枝苔数的增加,分别为9.51苔、9.45苔,较缩节胺9.10苔有一定的提升。单铃重最高为调环酸钙处理,达到了5.51 g,较对照(CK)提高了0.03 g,羟芸·烯效唑处理较对照(CK)降低了0.49 g。籽棉产量表现为各处理较对照(CK)均表现为无显著差异(P>0.05),其中调环酸钙的籽棉产量为最高,达到了7 164.04 kg/hm²,较对照(CK)提高了728.69 kg/hm²。各试验组衣分较对照(CK)表现为无差异(P>0.05)。各试验组马克隆值、成熟度、整齐度、比强度、纤维长度、伸长率均与对照(CK)无差异(P>0.05)。羟芸·烯效唑与调环酸钙马克隆值为标准级,氟节胺与CK缩节胺为C级。【结论】不同塑型剂对棉花农艺性状塑造效力不一,但都能起到一定降低株高、紧凑株型的作用。调环酸钙处理下棉花株高等农艺性状表现与缩节胺较接近,且对产量有一定的提升,选择调环酸钙作为棉花花期与蕾期塑型剂的较优。

关键词: 棉田; 作物化控; 塑型剂; 株型; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To compare the effects of different plasticizers on agronomic traits, yield and quality of cotton in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for selecting reasonable plasticizers.【Method】 Cotton variety Xinluzao 67 was taken as testing material, three kinds of plasticizers were selected and applied twice in the full bud stage (June 26) and early flowering stage (July 13) according to the application method before manual topping, two doses were set as T₁ flumetralin 70 mL /667m², T₂ hydroxyl-eniotriazole 12 mL /667m², T₃ prohexadione calcium 15 g/667m² and control (CK) mepiquat-chloride 5.5g/667m².【Results】 The results showed that prohexadione calcium had the best inhibitory effect on the plant height elongation, while the inhibitory effect of flumetralin and hydroxyl-eniotriazole on the plant height was slightly weaker.Compared with the control, the plant height was 7.20%, 5.90% and 4.36% higher in the treatment offlumetralin, hydroxyl-eniotriazole and mepiquat-chloride.The height-width ratio of flumetralin could promote the compactness of cotton plants, but it was not significantly different from those of flumetralin and hydroxyl-eniotriazole.The number of moss on fruit branch of cotton increased by 9.51 and 9.45, respectively, which was higher than that of flumetralin 9.10, and the number of moss was increased by flumetralin and prohexadione.The yield and quality results showed that the highest boll weight was 5.51 g in the treatment of prohexadione, which was increased by 0.03 g compared with CK, and the treatment of hydroxyl-eniotriazoledecreased by 0.49 g compared with CK.The seed cotton yield of all treatments showed no significant difference compared with CK (P>0.05), among which, the seed cotton yield of prohexadione was the highest, reaching 7,164.04kg/hm², which was increased by 728.69 kg/hm² compared with CK.There was no difference in lint between the treatments and the CK (P<0.05).There were no differences in Micronaire value, maturity, uniformity, specific strength, fiber length and elongation between test groups and CK (P<0.05).The Micronaire value of hydroxyl-eniotriazole and prohexadionecalcium was standard grade, and the grade of flumetralin and CK was C.【Conclusion】 Different moulding agents have different effects on shaping agronomic traits of cotton, but all of them can reduce plant height and compact plant type to a certain extent.Higher agronomic traits in cotton strains treated with Prohexadione calcium were similar to that of mepiquat-chloride and the yield has a certain increase.Prohexadione calcium can be selected as the best moulding agent for cotton at flowering and bud stage.

Key words: cotton field; crop chemical control; regulator; plant type; yield

中图分类号:

S562

李江余, 赵强, 吴雪琴, 马春梅, 任若飞, 许豆豆, 田阳青. 塑型剂对棉花农艺性状及产量品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(10): 2352-2357.

LI Jiangyu, ZHAO Qiang, WU Xueqin, MA Chunmei, REN Ruofei, XU Doudou, TIAN Yanqing. Effects of Moulding Agent on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Quality of Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2352-2357.

图/表 5

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处理 Treatment	单株结铃数 Boll number per plant	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint (%)	密度 Density (total plant/hm²)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)
氟节胺Flumetralin	5.39^ab	5.21±3.16^a	49.79±5.76^a	225 205.20	6 324.19±383.44^ab
羟芸·烯效唑Hydroxyl-eniotriazole	5.42^ab	4.99±0.35^a	49.80±5.13^a	224 816.42	6 080.34±431.82^b
调环酸钙Prohexadione calcium	5.78^a	5.51±0.56^a	50.27±6.41^a	224 946.15	7 164.04±726.90^a
CK	5.14^b	5.48±0.32^a	47.78±1.14^a	228 469.64	6 435.35±673.25^ab

处理 Treatment	单株结铃数 Boll number per plant	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint (%)	密度 Density (total plant/hm²)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)
氟节胺Flumetralin	5.39^ab	5.21±3.16^a	49.79±5.76^a	225 205.20	6 324.19±383.44^ab
羟芸·烯效唑Hydroxyl-eniotriazole	5.42^ab	4.99±0.35^a	49.80±5.13^a	224 816.42	6 080.34±431.82^b
调环酸钙Prohexadione calcium	5.78^a	5.51±0.56^a	50.27±6.41^a	224 946.15	7 164.04±726.90^a
CK	5.14^b	5.48±0.32^a	47.78±1.14^a	228 469.64	6 435.35±673.25^ab

处理 Treatment	马克隆值 Micronaire	成熟度 Maturity	整齐度 Uniformity (%)	比强度 Intensity (CN/tex)	纤维长度 Length (mm)	伸长率 Elongation (%)
氟节胺 Flumetralin	5.1±0.5^a	0.8±0.3^a	81.5±0.4^a	29.8±0.0^a	25.7±0.6^a	11.7±0.3^a
羟芸·烯效唑 Hydroxyl-eniotriazole	4.9±0.6^a	0.8±0.9^a	81.3±0.1^a	28.6±0.0^a	25.4±0.7^a	11.0±0.2^a
调环酸钙 Prohexadione calcium	4.8±0.7^a	0.8±0.2^a	81.3±0.5^a	29.4±0.0^a	25.8±0.1^a	11.3±0.1^a
CK	5.1±0.1^a	0.8±0.8^a	81.4±0.4^a	29.8±0.0^a	25.9±0.3^a	11.6±0.3^a

处理 Treatment	马克隆值 Micronaire	成熟度 Maturity	整齐度 Uniformity (%)	比强度 Intensity (CN/tex)	纤维长度 Length (mm)	伸长率 Elongation (%)
氟节胺 Flumetralin	5.1±0.5^a	0.8±0.3^a	81.5±0.4^a	29.8±0.0^a	25.7±0.6^a	11.7±0.3^a
羟芸·烯效唑 Hydroxyl-eniotriazole	4.9±0.6^a	0.8±0.9^a	81.3±0.1^a	28.6±0.0^a	25.4±0.7^a	11.0±0.2^a
调环酸钙 Prohexadione calcium	4.8±0.7^a	0.8±0.2^a	81.3±0.5^a	29.4±0.0^a	25.8±0.1^a	11.3±0.1^a
CK	5.1±0.1^a	0.8±0.8^a	81.4±0.4^a	29.8±0.0^a	25.9±0.3^a	11.6±0.3^a