棉花杂交后代表型性状遗传分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】亲本相同的陆地棉与海岛棉正、反杂交,分析杂交后代群体农艺性状的遗传变异并筛选优异单株,为田间早期选育遗传稳定的农艺性状提供参考。【方法】以陆地棉TM-1和海岛棉新海16号的杂交种F₂分离群体为材料,对株高、始节高、始节数、果枝数、有效果枝数、铃数、有效铃数、单铃重、衣分进行变异系数、相关性分析、主成分分析比较。【结果】海陆群体中铃数(0.51%)和有效铃数(0.47%)变异系数最高。在陆海群体中铃数(0.50%)和有效铃数(0.50%)变异系数最高。正交群体和反交群体中各个农艺性状之间都有显著或极显著的相关性。在主成分分析中特征值较高的第一主成分中,海陆群体里值最高的是果枝数(0.878)和有效果枝数(0.895),在陆海群体中值最高的是果枝数(0.82)和有效果枝数(0.819)。【结论】在海陆杂交后代的群体中正交和反交群体之间农艺性状没有明显的差异。后代群体中铃数和有效铃数变异范围广,各个性状之间相关性显著。果枝数与有效果枝数贡献率较高,将果枝数、铃数、有效铃数、有效果枝数作为早期育种单株筛选的主要性状,筛选出40个性状优良的单株。

关键词: 棉花杂交; 农艺性状; 相关性; 主成分

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study is to study the direct and inverse crosses between upland cotton and Sea Island Cotton with the same parents, and with a view to provide providing reference for early breeding of stable agronomic traits in the field by studying the genetic variation of agronomic traits in the progenies and selecting excellent individuals. 【Method】 The F₂ segregation population of Upland Cotton TM-1 and Sea Island Cotton Xinhai 16 were used as materials. Then the variation coefficient, correlation analysis and principal component analysis of plant height, first node height, first node number, fruit branch number, effective branch number, boll number, effective boll number, single boll weight and lint percentage were compared. 【Result】 the coefficient of variation (CV) of reciprocal cross and reciprocal cross was analyzed. It was found that the coefficient of variation (CV) of boll number (0.51%) and effective boll number (0.47%) was the highest in the sea land population. The coefficients of variation of boll number (0.50%) and effective boll number (0.50%) were the highest in land and sea populations. In the analysis of population correlation, there were significant or extremely significant correlations between agronomic traits in the orthogonal population and the backcross population. In the first principal component analysis with higher eigenvalue, the highest number of fruit branches (0.878) and effective branches (0.895) were found in the sea land population, and the highest number of fruit branches (0.82) and effective branches (0.819) were observed in the land sea population. 【Conclusion】 There was no significant difference in agronomic traits between the direct and inverse crosses. The variation range of boll number and effective boll number in progeny population is wide, and the correlation between each character is significant. In principal component analysis, the contribution rate of fruit branch number and effective branch number is higher, so the fruit branch number, boll number, effective boll number and effective branch number are selected as the main characters of early breeding individual plant screening, and 40 excellent individual plants are selected, which can provide early selection for cross breeding.

Key words: cotton hybridization; agronomic traits; correlation; principal component analysis

中图分类号:

S-3
S562

任丹, 黄雅婕, 崔进鑫, 庞博, 高文伟. 棉花杂交后代表型性状遗传分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(10): 2358-2364.

REN Dan, HUANG Yajie, CUI Jinxin, PANG Bo, GAO Wenwei. Analysis of Representative Genetic Traits in Cotton after Crossing[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2358-2364.

图/表 6

表1 亲本、F1农艺性状显著相关性

Table 1 Analysis of significant correlation between parents and F1 agronomic traits

项目 Item	株高 Plant height (cm)	始节高 Height of the first branchcm (cm)	始节数 Number of the first branch	果枝数 Fruit branch number	有效果枝数 Effective fruit branch	总铃数 Boll number per plant	有效成铃数 Effective boll number per	单铃重 Single bell weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)
TM-1	93.40±1.00^a	18.40±0.00^a	4.90±0.10^a	5.90±0.20^a	6.90±0.10^a	7.90±0.05^a	8.90±0.50^a	4.24±0.22^a	0.38±0.01^a
新海 16号	87.95±0.55^a	16.90±0.3^a	5.00±1.00^a	12.80±0.60^a	10.50±0.50^a	13.40±2.00^a	9.50±0.70^a	2.65±0.13^a	0.311±0.0 $1 a b$
HL 群体	73.00±2.00^a	14.66±1.66^a	4.00±0.3 $3 a b$	11.66±0.66^a	11.33±1.00^a	20.50±3.1 $6 a b$	17.83±0.50^b	4.05±0.05^a	0.325±0.005^b
LH 群体	91.33±6.33^a	20.16±0.1 $6 a b$	5.33±0.33^a	10.66±1^a	9.66±0.33^a	20.16±1.50^b	16.33±0.66^b	3.65±0.05^b	0.335±0.015^b

表1 亲本、F1农艺性状显著相关性

Table 1 Analysis of significant correlation between parents and F1 agronomic traits

项目 Item	株高 Plant height (cm)	始节高 Height of the first branchcm (cm)	始节数 Number of the first branch	果枝数 Fruit branch number	有效果枝数 Effective fruit branch	总铃数 Boll number per plant	有效成铃数 Effective boll number per	单铃重 Single bell weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)
TM-1	93.40±1.00^a	18.40±0.00^a	4.90±0.10^a	5.90±0.20^a	6.90±0.10^a	7.90±0.05^a	8.90±0.50^a	4.24±0.22^a	0.38±0.01^a
新海 16号	87.95±0.55^a	16.90±0.3^a	5.00±1.00^a	12.80±0.60^a	10.50±0.50^a	13.40±2.00^a	9.50±0.70^a	2.65±0.13^a	0.311±0.0 $1 a b$
HL 群体	73.00±2.00^a	14.66±1.66^a	4.00±0.3 $3 a b$	11.66±0.66^a	11.33±1.00^a	20.50±3.1 $6 a b$	17.83±0.50^b	4.05±0.05^a	0.325±0.005^b
LH 群体	91.33±6.33^a	20.16±0.1 $6 a b$	5.33±0.33^a	10.66±1^a	9.66±0.33^a	20.16±1.50^b	16.33±0.66^b	3.65±0.05^b	0.335±0.015^b

表2 亲本及F2群体各性状的描述性统计

Table2 Descriptive statistical analysis of all traits in parents and populations

项目 Item		株高 Plant height (cm)	始节高 Height of the first branchcm (cm)	始节数 Number of the first branch	果枝数 Fruit branch number	有效果枝数 Effective fruit branch	总铃数 Boll number per plant	有效成铃数 Effective boll number per	单铃重 Single bell weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)
亲本 Parents	TM-1	94.40	18.40	4.80	10.60	6.80	8.00	7.80	84.76	32.06
亲本 Parents	新海16号	87.40	16.60	4.00	12.20	10.00	11.40	8.80	52.98	16.57
HL群体	平均值	85.79	4.55	22.21	11.76	11.00	17.94	14.73	2.52	0.38
	标准偏差	30.72	1.64	14.56	3.92	4.37	9.19	6.89	0.89	0.07
	偏度	-0.57	0.52	2.36	1.41	1.26	1.04	1.18	0.64	1.66
	峰度	0.90	-0.48	6.40	2.59	1.81	0.70	1.66	0.38	4.85
	最小值	11.00	2.00	7.00	8.00	6.00	5.00	5.00	0.83	0.27
	最大值	137.00	8.00	77.00	25.00	25.00	43.00	36.00	4.72	0.65
	变异系数(%)	0.36	0.36	0.66	0.33	0.40	0.51	0.47	0.35	0.19
LH群体	平均值	84.33	4.79	24.08	10.46	9.54	15.50	12.54	2.79	0.38
	标准偏差	11.30	1.14	7.01	2.67	2.75	7.72	6.24	1.06	0.08
	偏度	-1.11	1.02	0.46	0.16	0.17	0.73	1.02	0.64	0.77
	峰度	1.40	1.82	-0.25	1.18	0.33	0.09	3.36	-0.47	1.86
	最小值	54.00	3.00	12.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	0.00	1.26	0.22
	最大值	102.00	8.00	39.00	17.00	16.00	32.00	32.00	4.93	0.59
	变异系数/%	0.13	0.24	0.29	0.26	0.29	0.50	0.50	0.38	0.20

表3 海陆群体表型性状相关性

Table 3 Correlation analysis of agronomic traits in HL populations

项目 Item	株高 Plant height (cm)	始节高 Height of the first branchcm (cm)	始节数 Number of the first branch	果枝数 Fruit branch number	有效果枝数 Effective fruit branch	总铃数 Boll number per plant	有效成铃数 Effective boll number per	单铃重 Single bell weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)
株高Plant height(cm)	1
始节高 Height of the first branch(cm)	-0.09	1
始节数 Number of the first branch	0.13	0.63^**	1
果枝数 Fruit branch number	0.41^*	-0.50^**	-0.39^*	1
有效果枝数 Effective fruit branch	0.38^*	-0.47^**	-0.32	0.93^**	1
总铃数 Boll number per plant	0.03	-0.24	-0.17	0.45^**	0.52^**	1
有效成铃数 Effective boll number per	0.12	-0.31	-0.16	0.60^**	0.63^**	0.83^**	1
单铃重 Single bell weight(g)	-0.19	0.24	0.06	-0.22	-0.28	-0.35^*	-0.35^*	1
衣分Lint percentage(%)	-0.19	0.12	0.09	-0.21	-0.26	-0.23	-0.31	0.08	1

表4 陆海杂交群体表型性状相关性

Table 4 Correlation analysis of agronomic traits in LH.populations

项目 Item	株高 Plant height (cm)	始节高 Height of the first branchcm (cm)	始节数 Number of the first branch	果枝数 Fruit branch number	有效果枝数 Effective fruit branch	总铃数 Boll number per plant	有效成铃数 Effective boll number per	单铃重 Single bell weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)
株高Plant height(cm)	1
始节高 Height of the first branch(cm)	-0.13	1
始节数 Number of the first branch	-0.40	0.60^**	1
果枝数 Fruit branch number	0.23	-0.32	-0.34	1
有效果枝数 Effective fruit branch	0.22	-0.30	-0.33	0.90^**	1
总铃数 Boll number per plant	0.09	-.53^**	-.40^*	0.44^*	0.49^*	1
有效成铃数 Effective boll number per	-0.00	-.52^**	-0.27	0.51^**	0.53^**	0.71^**	1
单铃重 Single bell weight(g)	-0.14	-0.25	-.41^*	0.40	0.27	0.03	0.17	1
衣分Lint percentage(%)	-0.07	0.06	-0.18	-0.23	-0.34	0.09	-0.01	-0.07	1

表5 海陆群体主成分

Table 5 Principal component loading matrix of HL populations

项目Item	成分1	成分2	成分3
株高Plant height(cm)	0.351	0.478	0.715
始节高 Height of the first branch(cm)	-0.465	0.785	-0.023
始节数 Number of the first branch	-0.627	0.585	-0.147
果枝数 Fruit branch number	0.878	-0.026	0.286
有效果枝数 Effective fruit branch	0.895	0.057	0.206
总铃数 Boll number per plant	0.722	0.214	-0.55
有效成铃数 Effective boll number per	0.811	0.239	-0.407
单铃重 Single bell weight(g)	-0.451	-0.218	0.182
衣分Lint percentage(%)	-0.379	-0.235	-0.051
特征值Eigenvable	3.829	1.397	1.162
贡献率Contribution rate(%)	42.545	15.519	12.913
累积贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate(%)	42.545	58.064	70.977

表6 陆海群体主成分

Table 6 Principal component loading matrix of LH populations

项目Item	成分1	成分2	成分3	成分4
株高 Plant height(cm)	0.282	-0.066	-0.882	0.252
始节高 Height of the first branch(cm)	-0.655	0.463	0.381	0.331
始节数 Number of the first branch	-0.698	0.343	-0.037	0.075
果枝数 Fruit branch number	0.82	0.389	-0.044	-0.028
有效果枝数 Effective fruit branch	0.819	0.443	-0.039	0.101
总铃数 Boll number per plant	0.742	-0.288	0.258	0.382
有效成铃数 Effective boll number per	0.756	-0.095	0.413	0.275
单铃重 Single bell weight(g)	0.426	0.111	0.125	-0.846
衣分 Lint percentage (%)	-0.149	-0.798	0.109	-0.042
特征值 Eigenvable	3.664	1.424	1.194	1.128
贡献率 Contribution rate(%)	40.713	15.821	13.264	12.538
累积贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate(%)	40.713	56.534	69.798	82.335

参考文献 17

[1]	齐子杰, 陈荣江, 高产棉花植株形态性状及产量构成因素选育模式的探讨[J]. 河南农业科学, 2010,(1):32-35.
	QI Zijie, CHEN Rongjiang. Research on the Selection Mode in High-yield Cotton Plant Morphology and Yield Components Traits[J]. Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2010,(1): 32-35.
[2]	朱建东, 中、早熟陆地棉与海岛棉杂交种主要性状遗传效应比较分析[D], 新乡: 河南科技学院, 2012.
	ZHU Jiandong. Comparative analysis on genetic effects of main characters of medium early maturing upland cotton and island cotton hybrids[D]. Xinxiang: Henan Institue of Science and Technology, 2012.
[3]	梁维维, 海陆杂交后代群体的遗传分析[D], 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学. 2013.
	LIANG Weiwei. Genetic analysis of land sea hybrid progeny population[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2013.
[4]	张凯, 鲁宁宁, 陈伟, 等, 棉花杂交组合F₁、F₂高产优质性状分析[J]. 中国棉花, 2018. 45(10): 22-27.
	ZHANG Kai, LU Ningning, CHEN Wei, et al. Comparative Analysis on High Yield and Fine Quality Traits in F₁ and F₂ of Cotton Hybrid Combinations[J]. China Cotton, 2018, 45(10): 22-27.
[5]	王天友, 冯春晖, 王有武, 等, 海岛棉不同果枝类型杂交F₂代产量品质性状分布规律[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020. 57(2): 209-218. DOI
	WANG Tianyou, FENG Chunhui, WANG Youwu, et al. Study on the Distribution of Yield and Quality Traits and Their Correlations in F₂ Generation Island Cottons with Different Fruit Branches[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(2): 209-218. DOI
[6]	齐海坤, 严根土, 王宁, 等, 机采棉杂交后代主要株型性状与产量和品质的关系[J]. 棉花学报, 2017. 29(5): 456-465.
	QI Haikun, YAN Genshi, WANG Ning, et al. Relation of Plant Type Traits with Fiber Yield and Quality in the Crossing Population of Mechanical-Harvested Cotton[J]. Cotton Science, 2017, 29(5): 456-465.
[7]	张小全, 王学德, 细胞质雄性不育陆地棉与海岛棉间杂种优势初步研究[J]. 棉花学报, 2005. 17(2): 79-83.
	ZHANG Xiaoquan, WANG Xuede, Preliminary Study on Heterosis of Interspecific Hybrid Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum×G.barbadense) Based on Cytoplasmic Male-sterility System[J]. Cotton Science, 2005, 17(2): 79-83.
[8]	郭景红, 北疆自育杂交棉F₁、F₂代高产性状研究及F₂代推广应用前景分析[D], 石河子: 石河子大学. 2013.
	GUO Jinghong. Study on high yield characters of F₁ and F₂ generation of self bred hybrid cotton in North Xinjiang and analysis of application prospect of F₂ generation[D]. Shihezi, Shihezi University, 2013.
[9]	李瑞莲, 陈金湘, 刘爱玉, 杂交棉F₂ 代利用研究进展[J]. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2004,(3): 298-302.
	LI Ruilian, CHEN Jinxiang, LIU Aiyu, hybrid cotton F₂ Progress in the research of the second generation utilization[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Science Ed.), 2004,(3): 298-302.
[10]	陈娇, 甘露, 罗兰, 等, 粘糯杂交后代主要农艺性状遗传变异及相关性和主成分分析[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2019. 47(6): 33-35,38.
	CHEN Jiao, GAN Lu, LUO Lan, et al., Genetic Variation and Correlation Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits in Hybrid Offspring of Glutinous×Non-glutinous[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2019. 47(6): 33-35,38.
[11]	罗霆, 岑华飞, 黄玉新, 等, 不同亲本细胞质源对甘蔗杂交后代主要性状的影响[J]. 热带作物学报, 2015. 36(3): 516-522.
	LUO Ting, CEN Huafei, HUANG Yuxin, et al. Effects of different parental cytoplasmic sources on main characters of sugarcane hybrid progenies[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2015. 36(3): 516-522.
[12]	黄世文, 王玲, 王全永, 等, 水稻品种ZH5及其杂交后代纹枯病抗性和农艺性状研究[J]. 杂交水稻, 2008, 23(4): 7-11.
	HUANG Shiwen, WANG Ling, WANG Quanyong, et al. Studies on Sheath Blight Resistance and Biological Characters of Rice Variety ZH5 and Its Filial Generations[J]. Hybrid Rice, 2008, 23(4): 7-11.
[13]	齐子杰, 陈荣江, 高产棉花植株形态性状及产量构成因素选育模式的探讨[J]. 河南农业科学, 2010(1): 32-35.
	QI Zijie, CHEN Rongjiang, Research on the Selection Mode in High-yield Cotton Plant Morphology and Yield Components Traits[J]. Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2010(1): 32-35.
[14]	冯常辉, 吴继洪, 孟艳艳, 等, 杂交棉种子产业发展的现状和策略[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2011. 50(23): 4974-4977.
	FENG Changhui, WU Jihong, MENG Yanyan, et al. Current Status and Strategies for Developing Hybrid Cotton Seed Industry in China[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 50 (23): 4974-4977.
[15]	陈旭升, 狄佳春, 赵亮. 抗虫海陆杂交棉主要经济性状的杂种优势分析[J]. 江西农业学报, 2019. 31(5): 1-5.
	CHEN Xusheng, DI Jiachun, ZHAO Liang. Heterosis Analysis of Main Economic Characters of Insect-resistant Hybrid Combinations between Upland Cotton and Sea-island Cotton[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2019, 31(5): 1-5.
[16]	张亚黎, 姚贺盛, 罗毅, 等, 海岛棉和陆地棉叶片光合能力的差异及限制因素[J]. 生态学报, 2011. 31(7): 1803-1810.
	ZHANG Yali, YAO Hesheng, LUO Yi, et al. Difference in leaf photosynthetic capacity between pima cotton(Gossypium barbadense)and upland cotton(G.hirsutum)and analysis of potential constraints[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(7): 1803-1810.
[17]	孔广超, 秦利, 徐海明, 等, 棉花IF_2群体构建及其在纤维品质遗传和杂种优势研究中的应用[J]. 作物学报, 2010. 36(6): 940-944.
	KONG Guangchao, QIN Li, XU Haiming, et al. Construction of IF2 Population and Its Application in Studies on Genetic Effects and Heterosis for Fiber Quality in Upland Cotton (G hirsutum L.)[J]. Acta Crops Sinica, 2010, 36 (6): 940-944.