冀南棉田杂草发生种类及防治药剂筛选

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究冀南棉田杂草发生种类,筛选适宜其防除的除草剂复配组合。【方法】运用倒置“W”型9点取样法,调查河北省邯郸市曲周、邱县、成安及邢台市广宗4县棉田杂草种类和数量;采用田间小区试验,测定6种土壤处理剂复配组合对当地棉田杂草的防治效果及对棉花的安全性。【结果】冀南棉田杂草种类中阔叶杂草占69.57%,禾本科杂草占26.09%,莎草科占4.35%;1年生杂草占78.26%,多年生杂草占21.74%。其中优势杂草有藜、反枝苋、马齿苋、铁苋菜、鳢肠5种,常见杂草有11种。二甲戊灵+扑草净+乙氧氟草醚(990+1 125+216) g a.i./hm²组合,对所有供试杂草的株防效均在90.82%以上,高于其他药剂组合,但差异不显著;对藜、反枝苋、铁苋菜等阔叶杂草的鲜重防效分别为95.64%、95.56%、98.02%,防效较好,对禾本科杂草马唐的鲜重防效为85.99%。该组合对4种供试杂草的平均鲜重防效为93.80%。【结论】冀南棉田杂草有12科23种,以阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草混生为主;选择二甲戊灵、扑草净、乙氧氟草醚(990+1 125+216) g a.i./hm² 3种土壤处理剂混合使用对棉田杂草防治效果最好,且对棉花安全。

关键词: 棉田; 杂草; 除草剂; 土壤处理; 药剂筛选

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the occurrence of weed varieties and select the appropriate combination of herbicide for the cotton area of southern Hebei Province. 【Methods】 The species and quantity of weeds in cotton fields were investigated by sampling them in a “W” pattern in Quzhou, Qiuxian, Cheng’an of Handan City and in Guangzong of Xingtai City. Then, the field plot experiment was conducted to determine the control effect and safety of the combination of 6 soil treatment agents on weeds in the local cotton field under the conditions of the recommended doses. 【Results】 The proportions of broad-leaved weeds, grass weeds and sedge weeds were 69.57%, 26.09% and 4.35%, respectively in the cotton area of southern Hebei Province. And annual weeds accounted for 78.26%, and perennial weeds accounted for 21.74%. Among them, there were 5 kinds of dominant weeds, including Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Acalypha australis L., Eclipta prostrata L., and 11 kinds of common weeds. According to the weed species, the suitable combination of soil treatment agent was selected. The results showed that the plant control effect of pendimethalin, prometryne and oxyfluorfen combination with the dose of (990+1,125+216) g a.i./hm² on all the tested weeds was more than 90.82%, which was higher than other combinations, but the difference was not significant. The control effect on fresh weight of broadleaf weeds such as Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Acalypha australis L. were 95.64%, 95.56% and 98.02%while the control effect on fresh weight of Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. was 85.99%. In summary, the control effect of this combination on the average fresh weight of the four tested weeds was 93.80%. 【Conclusion】 There were 23 species of weeds of 12 families in cotton fields in the south of Hebei Province, and there were mainly mixed with broadleaf weeds and grass weeds. Then according to the local weed kinds, a combination of pendimethalin, prometryne and oxyfluorfen with the dose of (990+1,125+216) g a.i./hm² was selected and it had the best effect on the control of local weeds.

Key words: cotton field; weed species; herbicides; soil treatment; herbicide screening

中图分类号:

S451

耿亚玲, 李耀发, 浑之英, 王华, 田婷婷, 王玲慧, 贾宏军, 袁立兵. 冀南棉田杂草发生种类及防治药剂筛选[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(10): 1876-1881.

Yaling GENG, Yaofa LI, Zhiying HUN, Hua WANG, Tingting TIAN, Linghui WANG, Hongjun JIA, Libing YUAN. Investigation of Weed Varieties and Screening of Control Agents in Cotton Fields[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(10): 1876-1881.

图/表 4

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处理编号 NO.	供试药剂 Herbicide	有效成分用量 Dosage (g a.i./hm²)
1	二甲戊灵+乙氧氟草醚	990+216
2	二甲戊灵+乙氧氟草醚	1 980+432
3	二甲戊灵+扑草净	990+1125
4	二甲戊灵+扑草净	1 980+2250
5	二甲戊灵+丙炔氟草胺	990+60
6	二甲戊灵+丙炔氟草胺	1 980+120
7	二甲戊灵+扑草净+乙氧氟草醚	990+1 125+216
8	二甲戊灵+扑草净+乙氧氟草醚	1 980+2 250+432
9	二甲戊灵+乙氧氟草醚+丙炔氟草胺	990+216+60
10	二甲戊灵+乙氧氟草醚+丙炔氟草胺	1 980+432+120
11	二甲戊灵+扑草净+丙炔氟草胺	990+1 125+60
12	二甲戊灵+扑草净+丙炔氟草胺	1 980+2 250+120
13	空白对照	-

处理编号 NO.	供试药剂 Herbicide	有效成分用量 Dosage (g a.i./hm²)
1	二甲戊灵+乙氧氟草醚	990+216
2	二甲戊灵+乙氧氟草醚	1 980+432
3	二甲戊灵+扑草净	990+1125
4	二甲戊灵+扑草净	1 980+2250
5	二甲戊灵+丙炔氟草胺	990+60
6	二甲戊灵+丙炔氟草胺	1 980+120
7	二甲戊灵+扑草净+乙氧氟草醚	990+1 125+216
8	二甲戊灵+扑草净+乙氧氟草醚	1 980+2 250+432
9	二甲戊灵+乙氧氟草醚+丙炔氟草胺	990+216+60
10	二甲戊灵+乙氧氟草醚+丙炔氟草胺	1 980+432+120
11	二甲戊灵+扑草净+丙炔氟草胺	990+1 125+60
12	二甲戊灵+扑草净+丙炔氟草胺	1 980+2 250+120
13	空白对照	-

杂草种类 Weed species	相对密度 Relative density (%)	相对频度 Relative frequency (%)	相对均度 Relative uniformity (%)	相对多度 Relative abundance (%)
藜 Chenopodium album	11.01	11.35	24.78	47.13
反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus	12.81	8.51	6.88	28.20
马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea	6.95	9.93	9.91	26.79
铁苋菜 Acalypha australis	6.74	9.93	8.40	25.07
鳢肠 Eclipta prostrata	8.91	7.80	7.43	24.14
山苦荬 Ixeris chinensis	2.18	9.22	8.53	19.93
牛筋草 Eleusine indica	11.09	4.26	3.03	18.37
芦苇 Phragmites australis	7.38	3.55	5.51	16.43
白鳞莎草 Cyperus nipponicus	11.28	2.13	2.20	15.61
龙葵 Solanum nigrum	1.35	5.67	4.96	11.98
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	1.30	6.38	3.58	11.26
狗尾草 Setaria viridis	9.04	0.71	0.83	10.57
地锦 Euphorbia humifusa	1.28	6.38	2.13	9.79
田旋花 Convolvulus arvensis	5.43	0.71	1.38	7.52
打碗花 Calystegia hederacea	1.44	2.13	3.58	7.14
野西瓜苗 Hibiscus trionum	0.34	2.13	2.20	4.67
裂叶牵牛 Pharbitis nil	0.26	2.84	1.38	4.48
稗 Echinochloa crusgalli	0.12	2.13	1.10	3.35
虎尾草 Chloris virgata	0.26	1.42	0.55	2.23
苘麻 Abutilon theophrasti	0.07	0.71	0.83	1.61
鹅绒藤 Cynanchum chinense	0.03	0.71	0.28	1.02
苍耳 Xanthium sibiricum	0.03	0.71	0.28	1.01
播娘蒿 Descurainia sophia	0.02	0.71	0.28	1.01

杂草种类 Weed species	相对密度 Relative density (%)	相对频度 Relative frequency (%)	相对均度 Relative uniformity (%)	相对多度 Relative abundance (%)
藜 Chenopodium album	11.01	11.35	24.78	47.13
反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus	12.81	8.51	6.88	28.20
马齿苋 Portulaca oleracea	6.95	9.93	9.91	26.79
铁苋菜 Acalypha australis	6.74	9.93	8.40	25.07
鳢肠 Eclipta prostrata	8.91	7.80	7.43	24.14
山苦荬 Ixeris chinensis	2.18	9.22	8.53	19.93
牛筋草 Eleusine indica	11.09	4.26	3.03	18.37
芦苇 Phragmites australis	7.38	3.55	5.51	16.43
白鳞莎草 Cyperus nipponicus	11.28	2.13	2.20	15.61
龙葵 Solanum nigrum	1.35	5.67	4.96	11.98
马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis	1.30	6.38	3.58	11.26
狗尾草 Setaria viridis	9.04	0.71	0.83	10.57
地锦 Euphorbia humifusa	1.28	6.38	2.13	9.79
田旋花 Convolvulus arvensis	5.43	0.71	1.38	7.52
打碗花 Calystegia hederacea	1.44	2.13	3.58	7.14
野西瓜苗 Hibiscus trionum	0.34	2.13	2.20	4.67
裂叶牵牛 Pharbitis nil	0.26	2.84	1.38	4.48
稗 Echinochloa crusgalli	0.12	2.13	1.10	3.35
虎尾草 Chloris virgata	0.26	1.42	0.55	2.23
苘麻 Abutilon theophrasti	0.07	0.71	0.83	1.61
鹅绒藤 Cynanchum chinense	0.03	0.71	0.28	1.02
苍耳 Xanthium sibiricum	0.03	0.71	0.28	1.01
播娘蒿 Descurainia sophia	0.02	0.71	0.28	1.01

处理编号 No.	藜 Chenopodium album L.			反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus L.			铁苋菜 Acalypha australis L.			马唐 Digitaria sanguinalis L.
处理编号 No.	15 d	30 d	45 d	15 d	30 d	45 d	15 d	30 d	45 d	15 d	30 d	45 d
1	88.07^a	88.00^a	86.96^ab	81.74^a	85.71^a	80.01^a	83.33^a	88.01^ab	68.73^b	90.74^a	91.19^a	82.57^a
2	93.68^a	92.00^a	91.31^ab	85.62^a	89.52^a	90.00^a	85.17^a	86.01^ab	81.24^ab	93.54^a	95.15^a	84.40^a
3	89.00^a	86.66^a	78.27^ab	85.16^a	88.89^a	85.01^a	81.48^a	89.01^ab	81.24^ab	91.88^a	93.39^a	81.65^a
4	95.82^a	93.32^a	91.31^ab	87.49^a	90.48^a	90.00^a	88.89^a	90.01^ab	87.49^ab	94.44^a	94.71^a	87.15^a
5	85.71^a	86.71^a	73.92^b	83.15^a	82.43^a	85.01^a	87.04^a	86.01^ab	74.98^ab	90.28^a	90.09^a	78.90^a
6	92.50^a	93.33^a	91.31^ab	91.63^a	93.65^a	95.00^a	88.89^a	82.01^b	87.49^ab	93.11^a	94.47^a	88.99^a
7	92.76^a	94.66^a	91.31^ab	93.47^a	98.43^a	95.00^a	90.83^a	94.00^ab	93.75^ab	94.44^a	94.27^a	90.82^a
8	96.43^a	96.00^a	95.65^a	95.30^a	98.43^a	100.00^a	92.59^a	100.00^a	100.00^a	95.84^a	96.48^a	93.58^a
9	84.52^a	85.33^a	82.62^ab	92.47^a	93.65^a	90.00^a	85.17^a	72.02^b	74.98^ab	91.67^a	90.31^a	82.57^a
10	91.18^a	92.00^a	91.31^ab	94.12^a	96.83^a	100.00^a	87.02^a	90.01^ab	81.24^ab	95.38^a	95.60^a	86.24^a
11	88.78^a	85.33^a	78.27^ab	90.11^a	89.68^a	85.01^a	89.15^a	92.01^ab	81.24^ab	91.34^a	92.51^a	83.48^a
12	96.43^a	92.00^a	86.96^ab	94.14^a	96.83^a	95.00^a	92.59^a	92.03^ab	93.75^ab	95.27^a	95.50^a	90.82^a