新疆北疆冬麦主产区麦田杂草种类及群落特征

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.07.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究新疆北疆冬麦主产区麦田杂草种类组成及群落特征,为制定区域性杂草综合防控措施提供理论依据。【方法】采用倒置“W”9点取样法,调查新疆北疆主要小麦种植区域奇台县和额敏县的冬小麦田杂草。【结果】小麦田杂草共计60种,隶属于20科52属,以菊科、豆科、禾本科为主;稗草Echinochloacrusgalli(L.) Beauv.为新疆北疆区域麦田的优势杂草,区域性常见杂草有2种,为灰藜Chenopodiumglaucum L.和卷茎蓼Polygonum convolvulus L.;3个调查区域内杂草的危害程度存在差异,额敏县麦田杂草种类有47种,奇台县南部丘陵区域和中部平原区域杂草种类分别有32、31种;从物种多样性来看,额敏区域杂草香农-威纳指数最高,为2.51,辛普森指数则是奇台中部平原区域最高,为0.19,额敏麦区麦田杂草群落的均匀度高于奇台区域,均匀度指数为0.65。【结论】稗草在新疆北疆冬小麦种植区域大面积发生,对小麦生长、产量有较明显影响,其次为灰藜和卷茎蓼,在局部区域出现,但对发生地小麦造成一定影响,其他一般性杂草均在部分田块发生,对该区域小麦生长发育影响较小。3个调查区域内额敏杂草物种丰富度最高,物种多样性指数最高,而奇台县中部平原区杂草优势种最为集中。

关键词: 冬小麦田; 新疆北疆区域; 杂草组成; 群落特征

Abstract: 【Objective】 To determine the weed composition and structure in winter wheat fields of northern Xinjiang in the hope of providing theoretical foundation of regional weed control measures.【Method】 The weeds of winter wheat fields in Qitai County and Emin County of northern Xinjiang were investigated by the sampling method of inverted “W”-pattern with nine sampling points.【Result】 The result showed that 60 weed species were present, which belonged to 20 families and 52 genera, mainly including Asteraceae, Leguminosae and Gramineae. The dominant species in wheat fields in northern Xinjiang was Echinochloacrusgalli(L.)Beauv., Chenopodiumglaucum L. and Polygonum convolvuluswere regional common weeds. The weed distribution of three regions was different from each other, there were 47 species of weed in wheat fields in Emin County, 32 and 31 species in southern hill areas and central plain area in Qitai County, separately. Analysis of the diversity showed that Shannon-Wiener index of Emin County was the highest, which was 2.51, and the highest Simpson index was in plain area of Qitai County, which was 0.19, the Pielou indexes of Emin County wheat area were higher than Qitai, which were 0.65.【Conclusion】 Echinochloacrusgalli(L.)Beauv has effect on winter wheat growth and yield in northern Xinjiang obviously, Chenopodiumglaucum L. and Polygonum convolvulushave have impact on regional wheat areas where the weed happens. Other normal weeds which happen in some wheat fields have less effect on the growth and development of wheat. In the three survey areas, the species richness and species diversity index in Emin County are the highest, while the dominant species of weeds in the central plain area of Qitai County are the most concentrated.

Key words: winter wheat field; northern Xinjiang; weed composition; community characterization

中图分类号:

S451

白微微, 高海峰, 沈煜洋, 李广阔. 新疆北疆冬麦主产区麦田杂草种类及群落特征[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(7): 1365-1372.

BAI Weiwei, GAO Haifeng, SHEN Yuyang, LI Guangkuo. Species and Community Structure of Weeds in Main Winter Wheat Areas of Northern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(7): 1365-1372.

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