坡向和海拔对乌孙山草地植物群落特征及物种多样性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同坡向、不同海拔梯度的草地植物群落特征差异,为合理利用草地资源提供科学依据。【方法】以位于西天山支脉乌孙山南麓的昭苏县和乌孙山北麓的察布查尔县天然草地为对象,采用典型的样方调查法,分析不同坡向(南坡、北坡)和海拔梯度(1 600~3 000 m)的草地植物群落物种组成,群落数量特征、物种多样性,研究草地植物群落物种多样性在不同海拔和坡向上的分布规律。【结果】同一海拔梯度上,南坡植物物种数多于北坡;在不同坡向上,基本上南坡各海拔草地植物群落高度大于北坡,而密度和盖度小于北坡。南坡各多样性指数沿着海拔高度变化呈现出双峰格局;北坡Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数沿着海拔高度变化均呈现出波浪型变化趋势,Patrick指数则呈现出双峰格局。【结论】乌孙山植物群落特征及物种多样性的变化是由海拔和坡向为主的多种环境因子综合作用的结果。

关键词: 坡向; 海拔; 群落特征; 物种多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the differences in the characteristics of grassland plant communities in different slope directions and different altitude gradients a scientific basis for the rational use of grassland vegetation resources.【Methods】 The grassland in Zhaosu County and County of Yili as the research object, the typical sample survey method was used to investigate grassland plant communities in different slope directions (south slope, north slope) and elevation gradient (1,600-3,000 m), species composition, community quantitative characteristics, and species diversity explore the distribution of grassland plant community species diversity at different altitudes and slopes.【Results】 At the same altitude gradient, there were more species on the than on the north slope; On the south slope, the diversity index showed a bimodal pattern along the altitude changes; On the north slope, the relationship between species diversity index of grassland plant community and altitude, the Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Pielou index showed a relatively special wave-shaped change Patrick index showed a bimodal pattern.【Conclusion】 The changes of plant community characteristics and species diversity in Wusun Mountains are the result of the combined effects of various environmental factors based on altitude and slope aspect.

Key words: aspect of slope; altitude; community characteristics; species diversity

中图分类号:

S812

木拉提江·夏地买买提, 艾克拜尔·伊拉洪, 阿马努拉·依明尼亚孜. 坡向和海拔对乌孙山草地植物群落特征及物种多样性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2724-2733.

Mulatijiang Xiadimaimaiti, Aikebaier Yilahong, Amanula Yimingniyazi. Effects of Slope Aspect and Altitude on Characteristics and Diversity of Grassland Plant Communities in Wusun Mountain[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(11): 2724-2733.

图/表 4

表1 乌孙山不同海拔和坡向植物物种数量的变化

Table 1 Change of plant species in different altitudes and slopesin Wusun Mountain

海拔 Altitude (m)	科Family				属Genus				种Species
海拔 Altitude (m)	南坡 South slope	北坡 North slope		南坡 South slope		北坡 North slope		南坡 South slope		北坡 North slope
1 600	8		8		15		10		15		10
1 800	9		7		13		11		13		11
2 000	15		10		28		14		33		17
2 200	13		6		24		8		27		9
2 400	8		6		11		9		13		12
2 600	9		9		13		14		15		15
2 800	9		9		12		13		13		14
3 000	9		9		14		12		14		13

图1 乌孙山不同海拔和坡向的草地植物群落特征注:不同小写字母表示不同海拔的差异显著;不同大写字母表示不同坡向的差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1 Plant community characteristics of the grasslands at different altitudes andslopesin Wusun Mountain Notes: The different small letters represent the significant difference between different altitudes. The different capital letters represent the significant difference between different slopes (P<0.05), The same as below

表2 乌孙山不同海拔和坡向草地植物群落主要植物的重要值

Table 2 The important value of main plant species of different altitudes and slopes in Wusun Mountain

图2 乌孙山不同坡向和海拔高度下植物物种多样性指数的变化

Fig.2 Change of plant species diversity index in different slopes and elevations in Wusun Mountain

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