天山北坡中段山地紫花鸢尾草甸植物群落动态分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.06.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究天山北坡中段山地紫花鸢尾草甸植物群落动态分析。【方法】 采用连续定位测定方法,分析1985~2004年间群落的植物种类组成、数量特征。【结果】 在近20年的时间段内,草地群落的种类组成和以紫花鸢尾为优势种,草原老鹳草(Geranium pratense)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)和异燕麦(Helictrichon )为伴生种的群落格局没有发生变化。群落各项数量特征高度、盖度与地上生物量始终处于波动状态,有些年际间会出现显著差别,波幅最大与最小可相差2倍以上,但群落的这种消长变化均具有可逆性。群落优势种紫花鸢尾的盖度、地上生物量随着时间推移持续增长,草地朝着退化方向发展。【结论】 引起草地的波动气候是主因,紫花鸢尾数量逐年增加牧压是重要影响因素。

关键词: 紫花鸢尾草甸; 群落特征; 动态变化; 草地利用

Abstract:

【Objective】 Study on Community Dynamics of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl. Meadow in the Middle of the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains.【Method】 The plant species composition and quantitative characteristics of the community under grazing conditions were analyzed from 1985 to 2004 by a continuous positioning method.【Result】 The results showed that the community pattern of the species composition had not changed, Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl. always occupied the position of the dominant species, Geranium pretense, Poa pratensis and Helictrichon were always associated species in the past 20 years. The height, coverage and aboveground biomass of community were still some fluctuation state. and sometimes there would be some significant differences between inter-annual, it could be more than 2 times between the maximum and minimum amplitude, but the growth and decline of the community were all reversible. The coverage and the aboveground biomass of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl in the community increased with the time growth, so the grassland was degraded from the perspective of grassland utilization.【Conclusion】 The dominance of Iris purpurea in the study area is gradually increasing, and the grassland is developing in a degraded direction. The main cause of community fluctuation is climatic factors.

Key words: Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl. meadow; community characteristics; dynamic changes; grassland utilization

中图分类号:

S812

张鲜花, 李江艳, 吴咏梅, 朱进忠. 天山北坡中段山地紫花鸢尾草甸植物群落动态分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(6): 1522-1529.

ZHANG Xianhua, LI Jiangyan, WU Yongmei, ZHU Jinzhong. Study on Community Dynamics of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl.Meadow in the Middle of the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(6): 1522-1529.

图/表 8

表1 紫花鸢尾草甸群落主要种群年际动态

Table 1 Dynamic changes of major population in Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl. Meadow

植物名称 Plant name	取样年份Sample year
植物名称 Plant name	1985	1986	1987	1988	1991	1992	1994	1995	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004
紫花鸢尾 Iris ruthenica	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
草原老鹳草 Geranium pratense	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis	√	√	/	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
异燕麦 Helictrichon	√	√	√	√	/	/	√	√	/	√	√	/	√	√	√

图1 紫花鸢尾与主要伴生种植株高度变化

Fig.1 The changes in height of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl. and main associated plants

图2 紫花鸢尾群落总盖度变化

Fig.2 The changes in total coverage of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl.communities

图3 紫花鸢尾与主要伴生种盖度变化

Fig.3 The changes in coverage of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl. and main associated plants

图4 紫花鸢尾草甸群落地上生物量变化

Fig.4 The changes in total above ground biomass of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl.meadow

图5 紫花鸢尾与主要伴生种地上生物量变化

Fig.5 The changes in above ground biomass of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl. and main associated plants

图6 紫花鸢尾群落植物种类组成优势度变化

Fig.6 The changes in dominance of Iris ruthenica Ker.-Gawl.meadow

图7 1985~2004年降水量分布注:数据取自于海拔2 118 m与研究区相邻的小渠子气象站资料

Fig.7 The precipitation of 1985 to 2004

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