镰芒针茅、博洛特绢蒿草地群落年际动态

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.07.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究长时期自然放牧条件下草地植物群落特征的变化。【方法】采用定位连续测定方法,分析测定1985~2001年分布于新疆天山北坡以镰芒针茅(Stipa caucsica)、博洛特绢蒿(Seriphidium borotalense)群落的种类组成、数量特征。【结果】在连续测定的17 a间,草地植物群落的种类组成与结构没有发生变化,而草地植物群落的数量特征始终处于动态变化过程;1985~1995年时段内,草地群落的高度、盖度和地上生物产量波动幅度不大,与自然降水量波动规律保持基本一致,影响草地基本数量特征的变化,降水量是主因,放牧干扰是次因;1996年~2001年时段内,草地基本数量特征波动较大。【结论】在1985~2001年期间,研究区草地群落植物种类组成与结构没有发生变化,群落优势种和主要伴生种在群落中的序位稳定,始终保持着群落原有的结构与功能。

关键词: 镰芒针茅; 博洛特绢蒿群落; 种类组成; 数量特征; 动态变化

Abstract:

【Objective】 To analyze the changes of plant community characteristics under long-term grazing conditions. 【Methods】 The species composition and quantitative characteristics of desert steppe with Stipa caucsica and Seriphidium borotalense on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains were analyzed, so did the data from 1985 to 2001 by using the method of positioning continuous measurement. 【Results】 The results showed that the species composition and communities structure did not change, but the communities quantitative characteristics changed in a dynamic process during the 17 years. The height, coverage, and above-ground biomass of the plant community did not change more, and they changed the same way with natural precipitation from 1985 to 1995, so we could know that natural precipitation was the major factor affecting the changes of the community's quantitative characteristics, followed by the grazing factor. But the changes of the communities quantitative characteristics had a fluctuation greatly during the period from 1996 to 2001, whether it was the influence on climate or the role of grazing pressure that would be studied in the future.【Conclusion】 In the period from 1985 to 1995, the fluctuation range of the height, coverage and above-ground biomass of grassland community was small, which was basically consistent with the fluctuation law of precipitation. The main factor affecting the change of grassland community quantitative characteristics was precipitation. Grazing disturbance is a secondary cause;During the period from 1996 to 2001, the quantitative characteristics of grassland communities fluctuated more than before,and whether it is the effect of climate or grazing pressure needs to be further studied.The results can provide data basis for the rational grassland utilization strategy.

Key words: Stipa caucsica; Seriphidium communities; the species composition; the communities quantitative characteristics; dynamics change

中图分类号:

张鲜花, 李江艳, 吴咏梅, 朱进忠. 镰芒针茅、博洛特绢蒿草地群落年际动态[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(7): 1802-1807.

ZHANG Xianhua, LI Jiangyan, WU Yongmei, ZHU Jinzhong. Study on Interannual Dynamics Change of Stipa caucsica and Seriphidium borotalense Community[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(7): 1802-1807.

图/表 8

表1 镰芒针茅、博洛特绢蒿群落主要植物组成年际动态

Table 1 Dynamic changes of major population in Stipa caucsica and Seriphidium communities

植物名称	取样年份
植物名称	1985	1986	1987	1988	1991	1992	1994	1995	1996	1998	1999	2000	2001
镰芒针茅 Stipa caucsica	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
博洛特绢蒿Seriphidium borotalense	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
短柱苔草Carex turkestanica	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√

图1 镰芒针茅、博洛特绢蒿、短柱苔草植株高度变化

Fig.1 The changes in height of Stipa caucsica and Seriphidium communities

图2 镰芒针茅、博洛特绢蒿群落总盖度变化

Fig.2 The changes in total coverage of Stipa caucsica and Seriphidium communities

图3 镰芒针茅、博洛特绢蒿与主要伴生种盖度变化

Fig.3 The changes in coverage of Stipa caucsica and Seriphidium communities

图4 镰芒针茅、博洛特绢蒿群落地上生物量变化

Fig.4 The changes in total above ground biomass of Stipa caucsica and Seriphidium communities

图5 镰芒针茅、博洛特绢蒿与主要伴生种地上生物量变化

Fig.5 The changes in above ground biomass of Stipa caucsica and Seriphidium communities

图6 镰芒针茅、博洛特绢蒿群落植物种类组成优势度变化

Fig.6 The changes in dominance of Stipa caucsica and Seriphidium communities

图7 1987~2003年研究区降水量年度变化

Fig.7 Annual change of precipitation in the study area from1987 to 2003

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