退化草原恢复中草原植物群落特征的变化

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.019

新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 940-949.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.019

退化草原恢复中草原植物群落特征的变化

吴润¹, 张勇娟², 曹娟³, 安沙舟⁴, 崔国盈², 闫瑞瑞³

1.国家林业和草原局调查规划设计院,北京 100017;
2.乌鲁木齐市林业和草原局,乌鲁木齐 830000;
3.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081;
4.新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2019-12-30 发布日期:2020-04-23
通信作者: 闫瑞瑞(1979-),女,内蒙古丰镇人,副研究员,博士,研究方向为草地生态、碳氮循环和温室气体排放,(E-mail)yanruirui19790108@163.com
作者简介:吴润(1982-),男,甘肃敦煌人,硕士,研究方向为森林经理、森林和草原生态,(E-mail)wrunsky@163.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费专项(Y2018LM06)

Changes of the Characteristics of Vegetation Community during Restoration of Degraded Grasslands in Urumqi

WU Run¹, ZHANG Yongjuan², CAO Juan³, AN Shazhou⁴, CUI Guoying², YAN Ruirui³

1.Academy of Forest and Grassland Inventory and Planning, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100017, China;
2.Urumqi forestry and grassland Bureau, Urumqi 830000, China;
3.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
4.College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2019-12-30 Published:2020-04-23
Correspondence author: Yan Ruirui (1979-), female, Fengzhen, Inner Mongolia, associate researcher, Ph.D. Scientific research direction: grassland ecology, carbon and nitrogen cycle, and greenhouse gas emissions.
Supported by:
Supported by Basal Research Fund of Central Public Welfare Scientific Institutions (Y2018LM06)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析实施禁牧和草畜平衡后的退化草原植被群落特征,研究退化草原生态环境恢复情况,为乌鲁木齐市退化草地的恢复重建提供科学指导。【方法】选取乌鲁木齐市实施禁牧和草畜平衡的天然草地为对象,对不同恢复年限禁牧区和草畜平衡区的植被长势变化及植物群落平均高度、盖度和地上生物量等进行实地调查和分析,研究退化草地在恢复过程中植物群落特征的变化。【结果】(1)实施草原补奖政策后,恢复5 a后较恢复1 a,恢复8 a较恢复5 a草原植物长势明显变好。(2)禁牧区不同草地类型的植被盖度、高度和生物量随恢复时间的延长呈上升趋势,草畜平衡区不同草地类呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在恢复8 a时出现下降趋势,这可能与2018年乌鲁木齐市降雨量较低有关。【结论】通过实施禁牧和草畜平衡,乌鲁木齐市草地退化的现象得到了一定程度的遏制和改善,在政策实施8 a后草地植被恢复较好,但不同草地类型的变化有所差异,需继续加强草地资源监测。

关键词: 退化草原; 群落特征; 禁牧; 草畜平衡

Abstract: 【Objective】 Based on the analysis of the characteristics of vegetation community in the degraded grassland after implementing the policy of grazing ban and grass-animal balance, the ecological environment restoration of the degraded grassland ecological environment was discussed, so as to provide scientific theoretical guidance for the restoration and reconstruction of degraded grassland in Urumqi. 【Method】 The natural grasslands in Urumqi with implementing the policy of ban on grazing and grass-animal balance were selected as the research objects. Field surveys and comparative analysis of growth changes, average height, coverage, and above-ground biomass of the plant community in different restoration years were conducted, and the changes of plant community characteristics during the restoration of degraded grasslands were studied. 【Results】 (1) After the implementation of the grassland compensation policy, the recovery of grassland plants in 5th years was better than that of the 1st year, and the growth of grassland plants in 8th years was better than that in 5th years. (2) The coverage, height, and biomass in different steppe in forbidden grazing areas showed a volatile upward trend with the extension of recovery time, and that of different grassland groups in the grass-animal balance area tended to increase first and then decrease with the continuous recovery time. The decrease might be associated with reduced rainfall in Urumqi in 2018. 【Conclusion】 Through the implementation of grazing ban and grass-animal balance, the degradation of Urumqi grassland has been improved to a certain extent and grassland vegetation has recovered well, but the changes in different grassland types are different. We need to be continued to strengthen the monitoring of grassland resources and provide more scientific guidance for the restoration and management of degraded grasslands in Urumqi.

Key words: degraded grassland; the characteristics of vegetation community; forbidden grazing; the grass-animal balance

中图分类号:

S812

吴润, 张勇娟, 曹娟, 安沙舟, 崔国盈, 闫瑞瑞. 退化草原恢复中草原植物群落特征的变化[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(5): 940-949.

WU Run, ZHANG Yongjuan, CAO Juan, AN Shazhou, CUI Guoying, YAN Ruirui. Changes of the Characteristics of Vegetation Community during Restoration of Degraded Grasslands in Urumqi[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(5): 940-949.

参考文献

[1] 李红,赵永卫.新疆草原保护区的现状、存在问题及发展方向[J].新疆畜牧业,2010,(S2):4-6.
LI Hong,ZHAO Yongwei. Current situation,existing problems and development direction of Xinjiang grassland protected areas [J]. Xinjiang Animal Husbandry,2010,(S2):4-6.
[2] Lewandowki I,Scurlock J M O,Lindvall E,et al. The development and current status of perennial rhizomatous grasses as energy crops in the US and Europe [J]. Biomass and Bioenergy,2003,25(4):335-361.
[3] 刘源. 2016年全国草原监测报告[J].中国畜牧业,2017,(8):18-35.
LIU Yuan. National grassland monitoring report of 2016 [J]. China Animal Husbandry,2017,(8):18-35.
[4] 董永平,吴新宏,戎郁萍,等.草原遥感监测技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
DONG Yongping,WU Xinhong,RONG Yuping,et al. Grassland Remote Sensing Monitoring Technology [M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
[5] 朱美玲,蒋志清.新疆牧区超载过牧对草地退化影响分析[J].青海草业,2012,21(1):2-5.
ZHU Meiling,JIANG Zhiqing. Relational analysis of the overgrazing rate on grassland degeneration in Xinjiang pastoral area [J]. Qinghai Prataculture,2012,21(1):2-5.
[6] 张双丽.新疆产草量遥感估算与牧草长势监测研究及IDL实现[D].西安:长安大学,2018.
ZHANG Shuangli. Research on the estimation of grass production by remote sensing and monitoring of pasture growth in Xinjiang and its realization by IDL programming [D]. Xi’ an:Chang’an University,2018.(in Chinese)
[7] 聂莹莹.围栏封育下草甸草原植被动态研究[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2017.
NIE Yingying. Study on dynamic characteristics of meadow steppe grassland vegetation under enclosure [D]. Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2017.
[8] 杨合龙,孙宗玖,陈玉萍.封育年限对伊犁绢蒿荒漠群落特征及草场质量的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(2):252-257.
YANG Helong,SUN Zongjiu,CHEN Yuping. Effects of enclosure years on the grassland community characteristics and pasture mass index of Seriphidium transiliense desert grassland [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2015,23(2):252-257.
[9] Mengistu T,Teketay D,Hulten H,et al. The role of enclosures in the recovery of woody vegetation in degraded dryland hillsides of central and northern Ethiopia [J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2005,60(2):259-281.
[10] 安耕,王天河.围栏封育改良荒漠化草地的效果[J].草业科学,2011,28(5):874-876.
AN Geng,WANG Tianhe. Effect of enclosure on restoration of degraded grassland [J]. Pratacultural Science,2011,28(5):874-876.
[11] 孙宗玖,安沙舟,段娇娇.围栏封育对新疆蒿类荒漠草地植被及土壤养分的影响[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(6):877-882.
SUN Zongjiu,AN Shazhou,DUAN Jiaojiao. Effect of enclosure on vegetation and soil nutrient of sagebrush desert grassland in Xinjiang [J]. Arid Zone Research,2009,26(6):877-882.
[12] 都耀庭,张东杰.禁牧封育措施改良高寒地区退化草地的效果[J].草业科学,2007,24(7):22-24.
DU Yaoting,ZHANG Dongjie. Effect of enclosure and grazing prohibition on the improvement of deteriorated grassland in alpine area [J]. Pratacultural Science,2007,24(7):22-24.
[13] 扎西文毛,赵建中,严振英,等.围栏封育对退化草地群落功能群的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(14):8650-8652.
Zhaxiwenmao,ZHAO Jianzhong,YAN Zhenying,et al. Study on the functional groups of degraded grassland in fencing [J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(14):8650-8652.
[14] 王国庆,杜广明,聂莹莹,等.我国围栏封育对群落特征影响的研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017,(13):75-77.
WANG Guoqing,DU Guangming,NIE Yingying,et al. The research progress of effects of fencing on community characteristics in China [J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2017,(13):75-77.
[15] 苗福泓,郭雅婧,缪鹏飞,等.青藏高原东北边缘地区高寒草甸群落特征对封育的响应[J].草业学报,2012,21(3):11-16.
MIAO Fuhong,GUO Yajing,MIAO Pengfei,et al. Influence of enclosure on community characteristics of alpine meadow in the northeastern edge region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(3):11-16.
[16] 康万杰.喀斯特山区草地资源遥感调查与草畜平衡研究——以贵州省黔南州为例[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2014.
KANG Wanjie. Research on remote sensing investigation of grassland resources and livestock balance in Karst mountain areas--Taking Qiannan in Guizhou province as an example [D]. Guiyang:Guizhou Normal University,2014.
[17] 徐斌,杨秀春,侯向阳,等.草原植被遥感监测方法研究进展[J].科技导报,2007,25(9):5-8.
XU Bin,YANG Xiuchun,HOU Xiang-yang,et al. Advance of technology of remote sensing monitoring for grassland vegetation [J]. Science and Technology Review,2007,25(9):5-8.
[18] 张艳楠,牛建明,张庆,等.植被指数在典型草原生物量遥感估测应用中的问题探讨[J].草业学报,2012,21(1):229-238.
ZHANG Yannan,NIU Jianming,ZHANG Qing,et al. A discussion on applications of vegetation index for estimating aboveground biomass of typical steppe [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(1):229-238.
[19] 李刚勇,董建芳,闫凯,等.利用NDVI植被指数的新疆天然草原植被长势分级应用[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(22):30-31,53.
LI Gangyong,DONG Jianfang,YAN Kai,et al. Grassland vegetation growth symbology classified mapping method based on NDVI data for Xinjiang [J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,20(22):30-31,53.
[20] 刘旭升,孙涛.近10年我国荒漠化地区植被长势变化分析[J].林业资源管理,2017,(3):31-34,40.
LIU Xusheng,SUN Tao. Vegetation growth changes of the desertificated area in china over the past ten years [J]. Forestry Resource Management,2017,(3):31-34,40.
[21] 于海达,杨秀春,徐斌,等. 10年来锡林郭勒盟草原植被长势变化及其影响因子分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(2):270-279.
YU Haida,YANG Xiuchun,XU Bin,et al. Changes of grassland vegetation growth in XilinGol League over 10 years and analysis on the influence factors [J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science,2013,15(2):270-279.
[22] 赵根庄,王云,董硕,等.河北坝上草原植被覆盖度时空变化特征分析[J].地理信息世界,2018,25(6):31-38.
ZHAO Genzhuang,WANG Yun,DONG Shuo,et al. Analysis of spatiotemporal variation characteristics of vegetation coverage in Bashang grassland of Hebei Province [J]. Geomatics World,2018,25(6):31-38.
[23] 孙晓东.苏尼特草原旱情与植被时空演变特征研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古师范大学,2017.
SUN Xiaodong. Study on spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of drought and vegetation in Sunit Prairie [D]. Huhehot:Inner Mongolia Normal University,2017.
[24] 候勇,陈文龙,钟成.内蒙古地区植被覆盖度时空变化遥感监测[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(11):35-39.
HOU Yong,CHEN Wenlong,ZHONG Cheng. Time and spatial variations of fractional vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia by remote sensing monitoring [J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2018,46(11):35-40.
[25] 王炜琛.不同放牧强度对呼伦贝尔草甸草原群落特征及水分利用效率的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2018.
WANG Weichen. The effects of grazing on community characteristics and water use efficiency of meadow grassland in Hulunbeier [D]. Huhehot:Inner Mongolia University,2018.
[26] REN Haiyan,Schönbach Philipp,WAN Hongwei,et al. Effects of grazing intensity and environmental factors on species composition and diversity in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia,China [J]. PLOS One,2012,7(12):e52180.
[27] 李凤霞,张德罡.草地退化指标及恢复措施[J].草原与草坪,2005,(1):24-28.
LI Fengxia,ZHANG Degang. Indicators and recovery approaches of degenerated grassland in China [J]. Grassland and Turf,2005,(1):24-28.
[28] 别尔达吾列提·希哈依,董乙强,安沙舟,等.短期封育对博乐绢蒿荒漠群落特征和碳密度的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2018,55(11):2134-2141.
Berdaulet Xihayi,DONG Yiqiang,AN Shazhou,et al. Effects of short-term non-grazing on community characteristics and carbon density in Seriphidium borotalense desert [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2018,55(11):2134-2141.
[29] GUO Yanjun,DU Qingfeng,LI Guangdi,et al. Soil phosphorus fractions and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity following long-term grazing exclusion on semi-arid steppes in Inner Mongolia [J]. Geoderma,2016,269:79-90.
[30] 陶利波,于双,王国会,等.封育对宁夏东部风沙区荒漠草原植物群落特征及其稳定性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(2):67-74.
TAO Libo,YU Shuang,WANG Guohui,et al. Effects of enclosure on characteristics and stability of vegetation community of desert steppe in sandy area of eastern Ningxia [J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland,2018,40(2):67-74.
[31] 刘慧敏,董乙强,安沙舟,等.伊犁绢蒿荒漠群落特征及植物多样性对短期封育响应[J].新疆农业科学,2018,55(7):1319-1325.
LIU Huimin,DONG Yiqiang,AN Shazhou,et al. Response of community characteristics and plant diversity of Seriphidium transiliense deserts to short-term fencing [J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2018,55(7):1319-1325.
[32] 呼格吉勒图,杨劼,宝音陶格涛,等.不同干扰对典型草原群落物种多样性和生物量的影响[J].草业学报,2009,18(3):6-11.
Hugejiletu,YANG Jie,Baoyintaogetao,et al. Effects of different disturbances on species diversity and biomass of community in the typical steppe [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2009,18(3):6-11.
[33] 张鲜花,朱进忠,孙宗玖,等.放牧强度对新疆昭苏草甸草原群落特征的影响[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(6):75-79.
ZHANG Xianhua,ZHU Jinzhong,SONG Zhongjiu,et al. Influence of grazing intensity on rangeland community characteristics in Xinjiang Zhaosu meadow steppe [J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(6):75-79.
[34] 殷国梅,王明盈,薛艳林,等.草甸草原区不同放牧方式对植被群落特征的影响[J].中国草地学报,2013,35(2):89-93.
YIN Guomei,WANG Mingying,XUE Yanlin,et al. Effects of different grazing patterns on vegetation characteristics of meadow steppe [J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland,2013,35(2):89-93.
[35] 杨振安.青藏高原高寒草甸植被土壤系统对放牧和氮添加的响应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
YANG Zhenan. A study on the responses of vegetation-soil system to grazing and nitrogen addition in an alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [D]. Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2017.

退化草原恢复中草原植物群落特征的变化

Changes of the Characteristics of Vegetation Community during Restoration of Degraded Grasslands in Urumqi

PDF下载

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	张鲜花, 李江艳, 吴咏梅, 朱进忠. 天山北坡中段山地紫花鸢尾草甸植物群落动态分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(6): 1522-1529.
[2]	木拉提江·夏地买买提, 艾克拜尔·伊拉洪, 阿马努拉·依明尼亚孜. 坡向和海拔对乌孙山草地植物群落特征及物种多样性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2724-2733.
[3]	白微微, 高海峰, 沈煜洋, 李广阔. 新疆北疆冬麦主产区麦田杂草种类及群落特征[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(7): 1365-1372.
[4]	张鲜花, 朱进忠, 李江艳. 新疆野生梯牧草种质资源分布与保护利用[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(8): 1560-1568.
[5]	宫珂, 靳瑰丽, 岳永寰, 韩万强, 刘文昊. 天山北坡野生无芒雀麦群落特征研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(3): 560-569.
[6]	杨晶晶,吐尔逊娜依·热依木,张青青,阿马努拉·依明尼亚孜,雪热提江·麦提努日. 放牧强度对伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地植物群落特征的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(8): 1542-1550.
[7]	刘慧敏, 董乙强, 安沙舟, 杨娇, 阿依敏·波拉提, 关欣. 伊犁绢蒿荒漠群落特征及植物多样性对短期封育的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(7): 1319-1325.
[8]	靳茜,董乙强,安沙舟. 禁牧对博乐绢蒿种群和荒漠群落特征的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(4): 746-753.
[9]	别尔达吾列提·希哈依, 董乙强, 安沙舟, 刘慧敏. 短期封育对博乐绢蒿荒漠群落特征和碳密度的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(11): 2134-2141.
[10]	阿依谢姆·约麦尔,董乙强,安沙舟,杨娇,阿依敏·波拉提, 李坤,关欣,孔晓晶. 短期围封对伊犁绢蒿荒漠群落特征及植被多样性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(1): 175-182.
[11]	张小侠, 董乙强, 安沙舟, 李坤. 伊犁绢蒿荒漠植被特征和多样性退化演替分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2017, 54(9): 1721-1729.
[12]	王玉;安沙舟;董乙强;荀其蕾;郑逢令;侯钰荣. 坡向对天山北坡山地草原群落特征的影响[J]. , 2017, 54(6): 1145-1151.
[13]	张丽;张鲜花. 天山北坡山地草原类组草地植物群落特征及多样性动态分析[J]. , 2017, 54(1): 148-155.
[14]	王小东;李旭;董乙强;马慧敏;李宁. 模拟氮沉降对北疆盐生荒漠群落特征的影响[J]. , 2016, 53(5): 967-973.
[15]	高攀盛;张勇娟;安沙舟. 禁牧对乌鲁木齐市城市周边典型草地类群落数量特征的影响[J]. , 2016, 53(10): 1907-1913.