生物降解膜对甘薯干物质分配及产量构成的效应分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究生物降解膜对甘薯干物质分配及产量构成因素的影响。【方法】 采用田间试验，以生物降解膜、普通聚乙烯地膜、不覆膜为处理，研究不同地膜覆盖对甘薯地上部与地下部干物重、农艺性状及产量形成因素的影响。【结果】 蔓茎干物重表现为普通膜处理>生物降解膜处理>不覆膜处理，普通膜处理与生物降解膜处理间无显著差异（P<0.05），覆膜处理均显著高于不覆膜处理；薯块干物重表现为生物降解膜处理>普通膜处理>不覆膜处理，处理之间均显著性差异；生物降解膜处理单株薯重、单株结薯数均最高，普通膜处理其次，生物降解膜处理T/R值（冠根比值）最低，较普通、不覆膜处理分别显著降低13.68%、22.64%；生物降解膜处理的干物率、淀粉率、商品薯率、鲜薯产量和薯干产量均最高；鲜薯产量与薯块干物率、薯块干物重、单株结薯数呈显著正相关关系，与T/R值、蔓茎干物率呈负相关关系。【结论】 不同地膜覆盖对甘薯干物质分配及产量构成因素有不同的影响，其中生物降解膜表现优于普通膜与不覆膜。

关键词: 生物降解膜; 甘薯; 干物质; 产量构成

Abstract:

【Objective】 Explored the effects of biodegradable film on dry matter distribution and yield components factors of sweet potato. 【Methods】 The field experiments were conducted to explore the effects of different plastic film mulching on dry matter weight， agronomic traits and yield formation factors of sweet potato. 【Results】 The results showed that the dry weight of stem was as follows： the ordinary film treatment>the biodegradable film treatment>the no film treatment. There was no significant difference between the ordinary film treatment and the biodegradable film treatment （P<0.05）， the film mulching treatment was significantly higher than the no film mulching treatment； The dry weight of tuber was as follows： the biodegradable film treatment>the ordinary film treatment>the no film treatment， and there were significant differences among the treatments； The weight per plant and the number of tubers per plant of the biodegradable film treatment were the highest， the ordinary film treatment was followed， and the T/R value （ratio of crown to root） of the biodegradable treatment was the lowest， compared with the ordinary film treatment and the no film mulching treatment， the biodegradable film treatment was significantly reduced 13.68% and 22.64% respectively； The dry matter rate， starch rate， commercial potato rate， fresh potato yield and dry potato yield of the biodegradable film treatment were the highest； The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between fresh potato yield and dry matter rate， and negatively correlated with T/R value and dry matter rate of stem. 【Conclusion】 Different plastic film mulching had different effects on dry matter distribution and yield components factors of sweet potato， The performance of biodegradable film was better than the ordinary film and the no film mulching.

Key words: biodegradable film; sweet potato; dry matter; yield components

中图分类号:

S154
S531

王文静, 刘亚军, 胡启国, 储凤丽. 生物降解膜对甘薯干物质分配及产量构成的效应分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(9): 2288-2294.

WANG Wenjing, LIU Yajun, HU Qiguo, CHU Fengli. Effects of Biodegradable Film on Dry Matter Distribution and Yield Component of Sweet Potato[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(9): 2288-2294.

图/表 5

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处理 Treatment	单株薯重 Single plant weight/kg	单株结薯数 Single tuber number	单块薯重 Single tuber weight/kg	平均尺寸 Average size/cm	T/R值 T/R value
降解膜 Biodegradable film	0.99±0.05^a	4.85±0.25^a	0.22±0.03^ab	14.21±0.63^b	0.96±0.14^b
常规膜 Ordinary film	0.93±0.06^a	4.19±0.17^b	0.21±0.02^b	12.68±0.97^b	1.25±0.20^a
不覆膜 No film	0.86±0.06^a	3.55±0.27^c	0.24±0.03^a	15.95±0.53^a	1.38±0.23^a

处理 Treatment	单株薯重 Single plant weight/kg	单株结薯数 Single tuber number	单块薯重 Single tuber weight/kg	平均尺寸 Average size/cm	T/R值 T/R value
降解膜 Biodegradable film	0.99±0.05^a	4.85±0.25^a	0.22±0.03^ab	14.21±0.63^b	0.96±0.14^b
常规膜 Ordinary film	0.93±0.06^a	4.19±0.17^b	0.21±0.02^b	12.68±0.97^b	1.25±0.20^a
不覆膜 No film	0.86±0.06^a	3.55±0.27^c	0.24±0.03^a	15.95±0.53^a	1.38±0.23^a

处理 Treatment	薯块干物率 Dry matter rate of tuber （%）	淀粉率 Starch rate of tuber （%）	商品薯率 Commercial sweet potato rate （%）	鲜薯产量 Yield of fresh sweet potato（kg/hm²）	薯干产量 Yield of dry sweet potato（kg/hm²）
降解膜 Biodegradable film	30.91±1.85^a	20.53±1.61^a	79.57±5.31^a	44703.0±2126.0^a	13811.9±957.8^a
常规膜 Ordinary film	29.68±1.27^a	19.46±1.10^a	71.20±7.06^a	41803.2±2553.2^a	12427.2±1207.4^ab
不覆膜 No film	28.78±1.42^b	18.68±1.24^b	74.42±9.49^a	38638.5±2804.4^b	11098.4±550.5^b

处理 Treatment	薯块干物率 Dry matter rate of tuber （%）	淀粉率 Starch rate of tuber （%）	商品薯率 Commercial sweet potato rate （%）	鲜薯产量 Yield of fresh sweet potato（kg/hm²）	薯干产量 Yield of dry sweet potato（kg/hm²）
降解膜 Biodegradable film	30.91±1.85^a	20.53±1.61^a	79.57±5.31^a	44703.0±2126.0^a	13811.9±957.8^a
常规膜 Ordinary film	29.68±1.27^a	19.46±1.10^a	71.20±7.06^a	41803.2±2553.2^a	12427.2±1207.4^ab
不覆膜 No film	28.78±1.42^b	18.68±1.24^b	74.42±9.49^a	38638.5±2804.4^b	11098.4±550.5^b

	鲜薯产量 Fresh yield	薯块干物率 Dry matter rate of tuber	T/R值 T/R value	蔓茎干物重 Dry weight of stem	薯块干物重 Dry weight of tuber	单株结薯数 Single tuber number
鲜薯产量 Fresh yield	1
薯块干物率 Dry matter rate	0.86*	1
T/R值 T/R value	-0.32	-0.89*	1
蔓茎干物重 Dry weight of stem	-0.56	-0.7	0.73	1
薯块干物重 Dry weight of tuber	0.85*	0.98*	-0.72	-0.43	1
单株结薯数 Single tuber number	0.79*	0.83*	-0.89*	-0.72	0.56	1