超晚播对冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (5): 1059-1066.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.003

• 新疆主要粮食作物绿色丰产提质增效专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

超晚播对冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响

田文强¹(), 郭飞², 聂凌帆¹, 孙刚刚¹, 王泓懿¹, 史永清³, 尚艳明³, 吴利³, 石书兵¹, 张金汕¹()

1. 新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆塔城地区农业技术推广中心,新疆塔城834700
3.新疆塔城地区农业科学研究所,新疆塔城 834700

收稿日期:2022-08-30 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-22
通信作者: 张金汕(1987-),男,甘肃天水人,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)zhangjinshan0530@sina.com
作者简介:田文强(1997-),男,山东章丘人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail)362959397@qq.com.
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目“新疆小麦绿色丰产提质增效技术优化集成及应用”(2021B02002-1)

Effects of super late sowing on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat

TIAN Wenqiang¹(), GOU Fei², NIE Lingfan¹, SUN Ganggang¹, WANG Hongyi¹, SHI Yongqing³, SHANG Yanming³, WU Li³, SHI Shubing¹, ZHANG Jinshan¹()

1. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Tacheng, Tacheng Xinjiang 834700, China
3. Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Taceheng Prefecture, Tacheng Xinjiang 834700, China

Received:2022-08-30 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-22
Correspondence author: ZHANG Jinshan (1966- ), male, Tianshui, Gansu Province, lecturer, master supervisor, research direction is wheat high yield cultivation, (E-mail)zhangjinshan0530@sina.com
Supported by:
The Key R & D Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region“Optimization, integration and application of green and high yield, quality and efficiency improvement technology of Xinjiang wheat”(2021B02002-1)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆北疆冬小麦生长对超晚播的响应规律,为农业生产中倒茬晚和提高节水效率提供参考。【方法】采用随机区组设计,设5个超晚播期处理(D₁、D₂、D₃、D₄、D₅),以当地适期播种为对照(CK),分析不同播期对小麦光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响。【结果】与CK相比,超晚播小麦平均出苗率减少57.22%,开花期晚8.2 d,成熟期晚6 d,灌浆时间短2.2 d,超晚播小麦各处理间出苗率差异不显著,最高为D₁,且D₁进入开花期和成熟期最早,灌浆时间最长;花后0~14 d旗叶平均SPAD值降低,而花后21~28 d升高,灌浆期平均Pn增加1.92%,超晚播小麦花后0~28 d旗叶SPAD值D₃最高D₁最低,但灌浆期Pn D₁最高,较D₃增加11.25%;分蘖期-拔节期单株干物质积累量降低,开花期-成熟期升高,成熟期营养器官干物质分配率减小,籽粒干物质分配率增大,超晚播小麦孕穗期-成熟期单株干物质积累量、籽粒干物质分配率D₃最高;平均穗数、产量分别减少19.33%、5.55%,平均穗粒数、千粒重分别增加7.87%、4.64%,超晚播小麦穗数、千粒重及产量D₁最高,较D₃分别增加19.21%、2.85%、20.88%,穗粒数D₃最高,较D₁减少4.47%。【结论】新疆北疆超晚播小麦应选择10月下旬至11月上旬田间无积雪无冻土时播种,且播种后近期无明显降雪最佳。

关键词: 超晚播; 冬小麦; 光合作用; 干物质; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To further explore the response law of winter, wheat growth in northern Xinjiang to super late sowing and solve the problems of late crop rotation and low water-saving efficiency in local agricultural production.【Methods】 Using a randomized block design, five ultra-late sowing dates (D₁, D₂, D₃, D₄, D₅) were set up, and the effects of different sowing dates on the photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat were analyzed with the local suitable sowing date as the control (CK).【Results】 Compared with CK, the average emergence rate of ultra-late sowing wheat decreased by 57.22%, the flowering stage was 8.2 d later, the maturity stage was 6 d later, and the filling time was 2.2 d shorter.There was no significant difference in the emergence rate of ultra-late sowing wheat among different treatments, the highest was D₁, and D₁ entered the flowering and maturity stage the earliest, and the filling time was the longest; The average SPAD value of flag leaf decreased from 0-14 days after anthesis, but increased from 21-28 days after anthesis, and the average Pn increased by 1.92% at filling stage.The SPAD value of flag leaf D₃ was the highest and D₁ was the lowest at 0-28 days after anthesis, but Pn D₁ was the highest at filling stage, increased by 11.25% compared with D₃; The dry matter accumulation of single plant in tillering stage to jointing stage decreased, the dry matter distribution rate of vegetative organs in mature stage decreased, and the dry matter distribution rate of grain increased.The dry matter accumulation of single plant and the dry matter distribution rate of grain D₃ in booting stage to mature stage of ultra-late sowing wheat were the highest; the average spike number and yield decreased by 19.33% and 5.55% respectively, and the average spike number and 1,000-grain weight increased by 7.87% and 4.64% respectively.The spike number, 1,000-grain weight and yield D₁ of ultra-late sowing wheat were the highest, increased by 19.21%, 2.85% and 20.88% respectively compared with D₃, and the spike number D₃ was the highest, decreased by 4.47% compared with D₁.【Conclusion】 The ultra-late sowing wheat in northern Xinjiang should be sown when there is no snow or frozen soil in the field from late October to early November, and there is no obvious snowfall in the near future after sowing.

Key words: super late sowing; winter wheat; photosynthesis; dry matter; yield

中图分类号:

S512

田文强, 郭飞, 聂凌帆, 孙刚刚, 王泓懿, 史永清, 尚艳明, 吴利, 石书兵, 张金汕. 超晚播对冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1059-1066.

TIAN Wenqiang, GOU Fei, NIE Lingfan, SUN Ganggang, WANG Hongyi, SHI Yongqing, SHANG Yanming, WU Li, SHI Shubing, ZHANG Jinshan. Effects of super late sowing on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(5): 1059-1066.

图/表 8

参考文献 18

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播种时间 Sowing time	出苗率 Emerg ence (%)	开花期(月/日) Flowering period (M/D)	成熟期(月/日) Maturing period (M/D)	灌浆时间 Grouting time (d)
CK	91.53^a	5/22	6/25	34
D₁	36.45^b	5/28	6/30	33
D₂	35.46^b	5/30	7/1	32
D₃	27.35^b	6/1	7/2	31
D₄	35.42^b	5/30	7/1	32
D₅	36.88^b	5/31	7/1	31

播种时间 Sowing time	出苗率 Emerg ence (%)	开花期(月/日) Flowering period (M/D)	成熟期(月/日) Maturing period (M/D)	灌浆时间 Grouting time (d)
CK	91.53^a	5/22	6/25	34
D₁	36.45^b	5/28	6/30	33
D₂	35.46^b	5/30	7/1	32
D₃	27.35^b	6/1	7/2	31
D₄	35.42^b	5/30	7/1	32
D₅	36.88^b	5/31	7/1	31

播种时间 Sowing time	Pn [μmol/(m²·s²)]	Tr [mmol/(m²·s)]	Gs [mmol/(m²·s)]	Ci (μmol/mol)
CK	24.51^ab	6.33^c	389.70^a	427.70^a
D₁	26.31^a	7.31^ab	431.00^a	446.50^a
D₂	25.01^ab	6.41^c	416.30^a	434.75^a
D₃	23.65^b	6.83^bc	422.60^a	436.45^a
D₄	24.95^ab	7.55^a	460.90^a	443.10^a
D₅	25.01^ab	7.50^a	471.80^a	443.85^a

播种时间 Sowing time	Pn [μmol/(m²·s²)]	Tr [mmol/(m²·s)]	Gs [mmol/(m²·s)]	Ci (μmol/mol)
CK	24.51^ab	6.33^c	389.70^a	427.70^a
D₁	26.31^a	7.31^ab	431.00^a	446.50^a
D₂	25.01^ab	6.41^c	416.30^a	434.75^a
D₃	23.65^b	6.83^bc	422.60^a	436.45^a
D₄	24.95^ab	7.55^a	460.90^a	443.10^a
D₅	25.01^ab	7.50^a	471.80^a	443.85^a

播种时间 Sowing time	茎鞘 Stem and sheath		叶片 Leaf		颖壳及穗轴 Glume and cob		籽粒Grain
播种时间 Sowing time	数量 Amount (g/plant)	分配率 Distribution rates(%)	数量 Amount (g/plant)	分配率 Distribution rates(%)	数量 Amount (g/plant)	分配率 Distribution rates(%)	数量 Amount (g/plant)	分配率 Distribution rates(%)
CK	3.01^b	32.21^a	0.54^b	5.60^a	1.38^b	14.39^a	4.55^b	47.80^a
D₁	3.27^b	32.17^a	0.58^ab	5.69^a	1.44^b	14.19^a	4.86^b	47.95^a
D₂	3.47^ab	31.70^a	0.62^ab	5.68^a	1.53^b	13.89^a	5.35^b	48.73^a
D₃	4.31^a	30.10^a	0.75^a	5.29^a	2.14^a	14.85^a	7.08^a	49.76^a
D₄	3.69^ab	31.09^a	0.66^ab	5.57^a	1.71^ab	14.33^a	5.83^ab	49.01^a
D₅	3.69^ab	31.96^a	0.59^ab	5.10^a	1.65^sb	14.29^a	5.64^ab	48.66^a

超晚播对冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响

Effects of super late sowing on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of winter wheat

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参考文献 18

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Metrics

播种时间 Sowing time	穗数 Spikelet (10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 1 000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
CK	677.67^a	39.53^b	44.42^c	8779.07^a
D₁	598.83^ab	42.07^ab	47.25^a	8988.92^a
D₂	549.60^b	42.50^ab	46.28^ab	8337.92^ab
D₃	502.33^b	44.03^a	45.94^b	7492.73^b
D₄	545.67^b	42.73^ab	46.70^ab	8381.42^ab
D₅	537.00^b	41.90^ab	46.22^b	8259.85^ab

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