深松深度对棉花冠层光合特征及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (12): 2878-2884.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

深松深度对棉花冠层光合特征及产量的影响

马君¹(), 王静², 李春艳³, 王亮¹, 师维军¹, 崔建平¹, 田立文¹(), 郭仁松¹()

1.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业广播电视学校,乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆维吾尔自治区农业技术推广总站,乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2023-04-08 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2024-01-03
通信作者: 田立文(1965-),男,安徽肥东人,研究员,研究方向为棉花栽培,(E-mail)1365400936@qq.com;郭仁松(1982-),男,山东乐陵人,研究员,研究方向为棉花高产栽培与耕作,(E-mail)songgr08@163.com
作者简介:马君(1983-),男,甘肃武威人,副研究员,研究方向为棉花栽培与种质资源,(E-mail)125329076@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31860358);农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201804);新疆农业科学院青年骨干创新能力培养基金项目(xjnkq-2019012);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2020D01B36);国家棉花产业技术体系喀什综合试验站(CARS-15-50)

Effect of subsoiling depth on canopy photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton

MA Jun¹(), WANG Jing², LI Chunyan³, WANG Liang¹, SHI Weijun¹, CUI Jianping¹, TIAN Liwen¹(), GUO Rensong¹()

1. Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiological Ecology and Tillage of Desert Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Xinjiang Agricultural Radio and Television School, Urumqi 830052, China
3. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Urumqi 830000, China

Received:2023-04-08 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2024-01-03
Correspondence author: TIAN Liwen (1965-), male, Feidong, Anhui, researcher, Mainly engaged in research and development of cotton cultivation technology and industrialization,(E-mail)1365400936@qq.com;GUO Rensong (1982-), male, Leling, Shandong, researcher, Mainly engaged in research on high-yield cultivation and cultivation of cotton,(E-mail)songgr08@163.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects(31860358);Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Cultivation of Desert Oasis Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(25107020-201804);Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Young Backbone Innovation Capacity Training Fund Projects(xjnkq-2019012);Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020D01B36);National Cotton Industry Technology System Projects(CARS-15-50)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】在新疆自然生态条件下,研究深松深度对棉花冠层光合特征及产量的影响,为进一步分析深松对棉花产量的调节作用提供理论依据。【方法】以新陆中88号为材料,在常年翻耕棉田设置不深松(CK)、深松30 cm(S₁)、深松40 cm(S₂)、深松50 cm(S₃)4个处理,研究不同深松深度对棉花关键生育期冠层结构、光合特征及干物质积累和产量的影响。【结果】棉花叶面积指数生育期呈单峰曲线,盛花期叶面积指数达到峰值,深松处理较CK增加0.92%~12.94%。叶倾角和冠层开度变化趋势与叶面积指数相反,盛花期为最小值,深松较CK叶倾角增加1.86%~5.29%,冠层开度降低32.7%~59.1%。初花期净光合速率随深松深度增加呈增大趋势,而蒸腾速率和气孔导度则以S₂最高,盛花期和盛铃期净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别以S₂、S₃最高,但S₂和S₃差异不显著(P>0.05)。深松处理干物质快速积累起始期较CK提前1~3 d,持续期延长2~4 d,最大积累速率提高2.18%~18.01%,单铃重增加3.58%~9.12%,籽棉产量增加11.02%~21.93%,其中以深松40 cm最高。【结论】深松40 cm(S₂)结合常规翻耕措施,可有效改善棉花冠层结构,促进叶片光合作用,提高干物质积累强度,提升籽棉产量。

关键词: 棉花; 深松; 冠层结构; 光合特征; 干物质积累

Abstract:

【Objective】Under the natural ecological conditions in Xinjiang, the effects of subsoiling depth on photosynthetic characteristics of the cotton canopy and yield were investigated to provide the theoretical basis for further clarifying the regulation effect of subsoiling on cotton yield.【Methods】The Xinluzhong No.88 variety was used as the experimental material and four treatments, no subsoiling (CK), subsoiling 30 cm (S₁), subsoiling 40 cm (S₂), and subsoiling 50 cm (S₃), were set up in the perennial tillage cotton field to examine the effects of different subsoiling depths on canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton at key growth stages.【Results】The leaf area index and growth period of cotton showed a single peak curve, and the leaf area index reached the peak at the full flowering stage, where the leaf area index of subsoiling treatment increased by 0.92%-12.94% compared with CK.However, the trends of leaf inclination and the degree of canopy opening were opposite to that of the leaf area index, and the minimum value was found at the flowering stage.Compared with CK, the leaf inclination of subsoiling increased by 1.86%-5.29%, and the degree of canopy opening decreases by 32.7%-59.1%.The net photosynthetic rate at the early flowering stage increased with the depth of subsoiling, while the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were the highest in S₂.The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance at full flowering and full boll stage were the highest in S₂ and S₃, respectively, while there was no significant difference between S₂ and S₃ (P>0.05).Compared with CK, the initial stage of rapid accumulation of dry matter in subsoiling treatment was 1-3 days earlier than that in CK, and the duration was extended to 2-4 days.The maximum accumulation rate increased by 2.18%-18.01%, the boll weight increased by 3.58%-9.12%, and the seed cotton yield increased by 11.02%-21.93%, among which subsoiling 40 cm is the highest.【Conclusion】The combination of subsoiling with a depth of 40 cm(S₂) and conventional tillage can effectively improve cotton canopy structure, promote leaf photosynthesis, increase dry matter accumulation intensity of cotton, and increase seed cotton yield.

Key words: cotton; subsoiling; canopy structure; photosynthetic characteristics; dry matter accumulation

中图分类号:

S562

马君, 王静, 李春艳, 王亮, 师维军, 崔建平, 田立文, 郭仁松. 深松深度对棉花冠层光合特征及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(12): 2878-2884.

MA Jun, WANG Jing, LI Chunyan, WANG Liang, SHI Weijun, CUI Jianping, TIAN Liwen, GUO Rensong. Effect of subsoiling depth on canopy photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(12): 2878-2884.

图/表 8

参考文献 19

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年份 Years	处理 Treat- ments	模拟方程 Simulation equations	t₀	t₁	t₂	Δt	最大积累速率 Vm (kg/ (hm²·d))	干物质积累特征值 GT (kg/hm²)	R²
年份 Years	处理 Treat- ments	模拟方程 Simulation equations	(d)				最大积累速率 Vm (kg/ (hm²·d))	干物质积累特征值 GT (kg/hm²)	R²
2019	CK	y=17 309.708 2/(1+e⁽⁶^.^{145 9-0}^.^{076 8}^t⁾)	80	63	97	34	332.39	11 398.44	0.999 5
	S₁	y=20 675.030 2/(1+e⁽⁵^.^{404 2-0}^.^{061 2}^t⁾)	88	67	110	43	316.71	13 614.51	0.999 7
	S₂	y=22 537.336 2/(1+e⁽⁵^.^{629 1-0}^.^{067 8}^t⁾)	83	64	102	39	382.50	14 840.84	0.999 3
	S₃	y=22 870.000 8/(1+e⁽⁵^.^{852 5-0}^.^{066 9}^t⁾)	87	68	107	39	382.98	15 059.90	0.999 9
2020	CK	y=20 070.107 1/(1+e⁽⁷^.^{639 6-0}^.^{083 7}^t⁾)	91	76	107	31	420.01	13 216.17	0.976 3
	S₁	y=21 202.263 7/(1+e⁽⁷^.^{841 9-0}^.^{085 2}^t⁾)	92	77	107	31	452.08	13 961.69	0.983 3
	S₂	y=24 308.204 7/(1+e⁽⁷^.^{449 6-0}^.^{083 2}^t⁾)	90	74	105	32	505.42	16 006.95	0.983 8
	S₃	y=23 306.083 2/(1+e⁽⁷^.^{078 2-0}^.^{079 32}^t⁾)	89	73	106	33	462.16	15 347.06	0.989 0

年份 Years	处理 Treat- ments	模拟方程 Simulation equations	t₀	t₁	t₂	Δt	最大积累速率 Vm (kg/ (hm²·d))	干物质积累特征值 GT (kg/hm²)	R²
年份 Years	处理 Treat- ments	模拟方程 Simulation equations	(d)				最大积累速率 Vm (kg/ (hm²·d))	干物质积累特征值 GT (kg/hm²)	R²
2019	CK	y=17 309.708 2/(1+e⁽⁶^.^{145 9-0}^.^{076 8}^t⁾)	80	63	97	34	332.39	11 398.44	0.999 5
	S₁	y=20 675.030 2/(1+e⁽⁵^.^{404 2-0}^.^{061 2}^t⁾)	88	67	110	43	316.71	13 614.51	0.999 7
	S₂	y=22 537.336 2/(1+e⁽⁵^.^{629 1-0}^.^{067 8}^t⁾)	83	64	102	39	382.50	14 840.84	0.999 3
	S₃	y=22 870.000 8/(1+e⁽⁵^.^{852 5-0}^.^{066 9}^t⁾)	87	68	107	39	382.98	15 059.90	0.999 9
2020	CK	y=20 070.107 1/(1+e⁽⁷^.^{639 6-0}^.^{083 7}^t⁾)	91	76	107	31	420.01	13 216.17	0.976 3
	S₁	y=21 202.263 7/(1+e⁽⁷^.^{841 9-0}^.^{085 2}^t⁾)	92	77	107	31	452.08	13 961.69	0.983 3
	S₂	y=24 308.204 7/(1+e⁽⁷^.^{449 6-0}^.^{083 2}^t⁾)	90	74	105	32	505.42	16 006.95	0.983 8
	S₃	y=23 306.083 2/(1+e⁽⁷^.^{078 2-0}^.^{079 32}^t⁾)	89	73	106	33	462.16	15 347.06	0.989 0

年份 Years	处理 Treatments	收获株数 Number of harvests (10⁴株/hm²)	单株铃数 Boll number per plant (个/株)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Cotton yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm²)
2019	CK	19.61^c	4.99^b	5.39^b	45.70^a	5 275.96^c	2 411.11^c
	S₁	20.40^b	5.08^ab	5.54^ab	45.72^a	5 741.21^b	2 624.69^b
	S₂	21.25^a	5.10^a	5.70^a	45.99^a	6 177.38^a	2 840.82^a
	S₃	20.93^a	5.10^a	5.67^a	45.61^a	6 058.33^a	2 763.10^a
2020	CK	20.10^a	4.53^b	4.95^c	46.27^a	4 507.12^c	2 085.45^c
	S₁	20.35^a	4.85^ab	5.17^b	46.51^a	5 102.66^b	2 373.25^b
	S₂	20.35^a	5.05^a	5.56^a	46.30^a	5 713.87^a	2 645.52^a
	S₃	20.20^a	5.03^a	5.61^a	46.84^a	5 700.10^a	2 669.93^a

年份 Years	处理 Treatments	收获株数 Number of harvests (10⁴株/hm²)	单株铃数 Boll number per plant (个/株)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Cotton yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/hm²)
2019	CK	19.61^c	4.99^b	5.39^b	45.70^a	5 275.96^c	2 411.11^c
	S₁	20.40^b	5.08^ab	5.54^ab	45.72^a	5 741.21^b	2 624.69^b
	S₂	21.25^a	5.10^a	5.70^a	45.99^a	6 177.38^a	2 840.82^a
	S₃	20.93^a	5.10^a	5.67^a	45.61^a	6 058.33^a	2 763.10^a
2020	CK	20.10^a	4.53^b	4.95^c	46.27^a	4 507.12^c	2 085.45^c
	S₁	20.35^a	4.85^ab	5.17^b	46.51^a	5 102.66^b	2 373.25^b
	S₂	20.35^a	5.05^a	5.56^a	46.30^a	5 713.87^a	2 645.52^a
	S₃	20.20^a	5.03^a	5.61^a	46.84^a	5 700.10^a	2 669.93^a

深松深度对棉花冠层光合特征及产量的影响

Effect of subsoiling depth on canopy photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton

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