扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发条件分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究扁秆荆三棱(Bolboschoenus planiculmis)球茎休眠特性及萌发环境条件。【方法】采用培养皿法和盆钵法,研究不同储存方式对扁秆荆三棱球茎解除休眠的影响,分析不同温度、pH、盐分、土壤湿度、埋土深度对扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发的影响,测定扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发率、萌发指数及平均萌发时间。【结果】室温水储方式眠解除效果最好,30 d后萌发率高达88.89%,而-20℃干储条件解除效果最差,储存30 d后球茎未能萌发;25~30℃是扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发的适宜温度,萌发率在70%,其中30℃为最适萌发温度,之后随温度的升高抑制球茎的萌发;pH在5~9均能萌发,萌发率在71.11%~88.89%,扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发不受pH的限制;NaCl浓度在0~25 mmol/L时,萌发率在80%以上,随着浓度的增大,扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发逐渐降低,在NaCl浓度为150 mmol/L时,球茎萌发率仅为11.11%,在高盐浓度下,扁秆荆三棱球茎仍能萌发;随着土壤湿度的增加,其发芽率随之增大;埋土深度10 cm时发芽率最大,为82.22%,扁秆荆三棱一般处于土层10 cm。【结论】扁秆荆三棱喜温湿且耐受性强,属于棉田恶性杂草,防治难度极大。

关键词: 扁秆荆三棱; 球茎萌发; 环境因素; 休眠; 萌发

Abstract:

【Objective】 The dormancy characteristics and germination environment of Bolboschoenus planiculmis were studied.【Methods】 The effects of different storage methods on the dormancy of it were studied by using Petri Dish Method and Pot method. The effects of different temperature, pH, salt content, soil humidity and buried depth on the germination of it were studied. The germination rate, germination index and average germination time of trigona were measured.【Results】 The best effect of sleep relieving was water storage at room temperature, and the germination rate was 88.89% after 30 days, while the worst was -20℃ dry storage condition. After 30 days storage, the bulb could not germinate; 25-30℃ was the suitable temperature for the germination of it, with the germination rate of 70%, among which 30℃ was the best germination temperature, and then inhibited the germination of corm with the increase of temperature; pH could germinate within 5-9 range The germination rate of the rhizome was 71.11% - 88.89%, which indicated that the germination rate of triangular bulb of trigonus was not limited by pH;the germination rate of the corm was over 80% when the concentration of NaCl was 0-25 mmol/L, and the germination rate decreased gradually with the increase of the concentration. When the concentration of NaCl was 150 mmol/L, the germination rate of the corm was only 11.11%, and the rhizome could still germinate at high salt concentration; with the soil humidity The germination rate increased ;The germination rate is the largest when the soil depth is 10 cm, which is 82.22%, indicating that is generally in the soil layer of 10 cm.【Conclusion】 Bolboschoenus planiculmis are like warm, wet and tolerant, and belong to the malignant weeds in cotton field, which is difficult to control.

Key words: sparganium bracteatum; corm germination; environmental factors; dormancy; germination

中图分类号:

S451

许同心, 李涛, 王浩东, 钱灿灿, 马江锋, 杨德松. 扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发条件分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(7): 1606-1614.

XU Tongxin, LI Tao, WANG Haodong, QIAN Cancan, MA Jiangfeng, YANG Desong. A preliminary study on the germination conditions of Bolboschoenus planiculmis corm[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(7): 1606-1614.

图/表 8

图1 不同储存方式下扁秆荆三棱球茎休眠解除变化

Fig.1 Effect of different storage methods on dormancy release of Bolboschoenus planiculmis

图2 扁秆荆三棱球茎吸水率变化

Fig.2 Dynamics of bulbs water uptake rate of Bolboschoenus planiculmis

图3 不同温度和光照下扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发变化

Fig.3 Effect of temperature and light on bulbs germination rate of Bolboschoenus planiculmis

图4 不同pH对扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发变化

Fig.4 Effect of pH values on bulbs germination rate of Bolboschoenus planiculmis

图5 不同盐分胁迫对扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发变化

Fig.5 Effect of salt stress on bulbs germination of Bolboschoenus planiculmis

图6 不同土壤含水量下扁秆荆三棱球茎出苗变化

Fig.6 Effect of soil moisture on bulbs emergence of Bolboschoenus planiculmis

表1 不同处理下扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发变化

Table 1 Effects of different treatments on bulbs germination of Bolboschoenus planiculmis

处理 Treatment		萌发率 Germination rate(%)	萌发指数 Germination index	平均萌发时间 Mean time of germination(d)	萌发启动时间 Initiation time of germination(d)
温度 Temperature	10℃	0d	-	-	-
	15℃	28.89^c	0.57^d	8.15^a	5.67^a
	20℃	66.67^b	2.1 $5 c d$	6.34^b	2.67^b
	25℃	73.3 $3 a b$	3.1 $5 b c$	5.94^b	1.00^c
	30℃	82.22^a	6.25^a	4.23^c	1.00^c
	35℃	62.22^b	4.03^b	4.22^c	1.3 $3 b c$
pH	5	71.11^c	3.45^c	4.40^a	1.67^a
	6	77.78^b	4.6 $3 b c$	3.41^b	1.33^a
	7	82.2 $2 a b$	4.5 $4 b c$	4.48^a	1.00^a
	8	88.89^a	6.37^a	3.64^b	1.00^a
	9	80.00^abc	3.82^c	4.55^a	1.33^a
	CK(7.2)	86.6 $7 a b$	5.5 $9 a b$	4.37^b	1.00^a
盐分NaCl浓度 Salt(NaCl) concentration (mmol/L)	0	88.89^a	5.59^a	4.37^d	1.00^c
	25	82.22^a	6.21^a	4.5 $7 c d$	1.00^c
	50	71.11^b	4.08^b	5.5 $7 b c$	1.00^c
	75	62.22^c	3.14^b	4.94^bcd	1.00^c
	100	44.44^d	2.04^c	5.05^bcd	1.33^c
	125	28.89^e	1.19c^d	5.77^b	2.67^b
	150	13.33^f	0.30^d	6.83^a	6.67^a

表1 不同处理下扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发变化

Table 1 Effects of different treatments on bulbs germination of Bolboschoenus planiculmis

处理 Treatment		萌发率 Germination rate(%)	萌发指数 Germination index	平均萌发时间 Mean time of germination(d)	萌发启动时间 Initiation time of germination(d)
温度 Temperature	10℃	0d	-	-	-
	15℃	28.89^c	0.57^d	8.15^a	5.67^a
	20℃	66.67^b	2.1 $5 c d$	6.34^b	2.67^b
	25℃	73.3 $3 a b$	3.1 $5 b c$	5.94^b	1.00^c
	30℃	82.22^a	6.25^a	4.23^c	1.00^c
	35℃	62.22^b	4.03^b	4.22^c	1.3 $3 b c$
pH	5	71.11^c	3.45^c	4.40^a	1.67^a
	6	77.78^b	4.6 $3 b c$	3.41^b	1.33^a
	7	82.2 $2 a b$	4.5 $4 b c$	4.48^a	1.00^a
	8	88.89^a	6.37^a	3.64^b	1.00^a
	9	80.00^abc	3.82^c	4.55^a	1.33^a
	CK(7.2)	86.6 $7 a b$	5.5 $9 a b$	4.37^b	1.00^a
盐分NaCl浓度 Salt(NaCl) concentration (mmol/L)	0	88.89^a	5.59^a	4.37^d	1.00^c
	25	82.22^a	6.21^a	4.5 $7 c d$	1.00^c
	50	71.11^b	4.08^b	5.5 $7 b c$	1.00^c
	75	62.22^c	3.14^b	4.94^bcd	1.00^c
	100	44.44^d	2.04^c	5.05^bcd	1.33^c
	125	28.89^e	1.19c^d	5.77^b	2.67^b
	150	13.33^f	0.30^d	6.83^a	6.67^a

图7 不同埋土深度下扁秆荆三棱球茎萌发变化

Fig.7 Effect of buried depth on germination of Bolboschoenus planiculmis

参考文献 32

[1]	李志军, 徐雅丽, 于军, 等. 扁秆藨草生长与繁殖特性研究[J]. 塔里木农垦大学学报, 2001(4):21-24.
	LI Zhijun, XU Yali, YU Jun, et al. Study on the growth and reproduction characteristics of Scirpus rubrum[J]. Journal of Tarim University of Agriculture and Reclamation, 2001(4):21-24.
[2]	吴宪, 李洪鑫, 刘艳伟, 等. 吉林西部地区水田扁秆麃草抗性调查及机理初探[A]. 陈万全.植物健康与病虫害防控[C].中国植物保护学会, 2020.
	WU Xian, LI Hongxin, LIU Yanwei, et al. Investigation and preliminary study on the resistance of P. sylvestris in paddy fields in western Jilin[A].Chen Wanquan. Plant health and pest control [C]. China Plant Protection Society, 2020.
[3]	李国凤, 盛其潮, 杨宝珍, 等. 扁秆藨草繁殖特性的初步观察及化学防除[J]. 植物学通报, 1985,(3):58-60.
	LI Guofeng, SHENG Qichao, YANG Baozhen, et al. Preliminary observation and chemical control of the propagation characteristics of Scirpus platyphylla[J]. Botany Bulletin, 1985,(3):58-60.
[4]	杨玲, 李建君, 单提波, 等. 水稻田扁秆藨草发生与防治对策[J]. 现代化农业, 2011,(10):4-5.
	YANG Ling, LI Jianjun, SHAN Tibo, et al. Occurrence and control strategies of flat stalk scrambler in rice fields[J]. Modern Agriculture, 2011,(10):4-5.
[5]	李惠芳, 章光新. 水盐交互作用对莫莫格国家级自然保护区扁秆藨草幼苗生长的影响[J]. 湿地科学, 2013, 11(2):173-177.
	LI Huifang, ZHANG Guangxin. The effect of water-salt interaction on the growth of Scirpus scoparium seedlings in Momoge National Nature Reserve[J]. Wetland Science, 2013, 11(2):173-177.
[6]	殷甘强, 杨梅, 王玉国, 等. 两种藨草属植物对盐度的表型可塑性反应[J]. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2018, 57(1):43-50.
	YIN Ganqiang, YANG Mei, WANG Yuguo, et al. Phenotypic plasticity response of two species of Scirpus plants to salinity[J]. Journal of Fudan University(Natural Science Ed.), 2018, 57(1):43-50.
[7]	宁宇, 张志翔, 赵良成, 等. 克隆植物扁秆藨草种子库特征及其适应意义[J]. 湿地科学, 2014, 12(1):55-60.
	NING Yu, ZHANG Zhixiang, ZHAO Liangcheng, et al. Characteristics of the seed bank of the clonal plant Scirpus rubrum and its adaptive significance[J]. Wetland Science, 2014, 12(1):55-60.
[8]	董海, 蒋爱丽, 杨皓, 等. 辽宁省水稻田扁秆藨草危害状况[J]. 杂草科学, 2007(4):24-25,30.
	DONG Hai, JIANG Aili, YANG Hao, et al. The damage status of S. scoparia in rice fieldsin Liaoning Province[J]. Weed Science, 2007(4):24-25,30.
[9]	彭俊, 宋志龙, 邓小霞, 等. 基于正交设计棉田扁秆藨草的化学防除研究[J]. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 30(2):147-151.
	PENG Jun, SONG Zhilong, DENG Xiaoxia, et al. Study on the chemical control of S. rubrum in cotton field based on orthogonal design[J]. Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science Ed.), 2012, 30(2): 147-151.
[10]	蔡晓虎, 林萍, 史亚辉, 等. 扁杆藨草持续危害对棉花农艺和经济性状的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(6):1151-1158. DOI
	CAI Xiaohu, LIN Ping, SHI Yahui, et al. The effect of persistent damage of Scirpus chinensis on the agronomic and economic characteristics of cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(6):1151-1158. DOI
[11]	Javaid M M, Tanveer A. Germination ecology of Emexspinosa and Emex australis, invasive weeds of winter crops[J]. Weed Research, 2014, 54(6):565-575. DOI URL
[12]	杨蕊, 边华林, 邓嘉俊, 等. 盐度、水位和泥沙埋藏对盐地碱蓬种子萌发的影响[J]. 湖南林业科技, 2018, 45(6):14-18.
	YANG Rui, BIAN Hualin, DENG Jiajun, et al. Effects of salinity, water level and sediment burial on seed germination of Suaeda salsa[J]. Hunan Forestry Science and Technology, 2018, 45(6):14-18.
[13]	李怡慧, 徐琼, 尹梦婕, 等. 环境因素对播娘蒿种子萌发的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2020, 52(9):45-48.
	LI Yihui, XU Qiong, YIN Mengjie, et al. The influence of environmental factors on the seed germination of Artemisia sphaerocarpa[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 52(9):45-48.
[14]	周明, 陈芳芳, 袁婷婷, 等. 氟酮磺草胺等4种除草剂防除稻田杂草的效果[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2020, 61(1):104-105.
	ZHOU Ming, CHEN Fangfang, YUAN Tingting, et al. Effects of four herbicides including fluoxsulam on the control of weeds in rice fields[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 61(1):104-105.
[15]	Chauhan B S, Johnson D E. Germination Ecology of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica): An Important Grass Weed of Rainfed Rice[J]. Weed Science, 2008.
[16]	Asgarpour R, Ghorbani R, Khajeh-Hosseini M, et al. Germination of Spotted Spurge (Chamaesyce maculata) Seeds in Response to Different Environmental Factors[J]. Weed Science, 2015, 63(2):502-510. DOI URL
[17]	陈小兵, 杨劲松, 刘春卿, 等. 大农业条件下新疆土壤盐碱化及其调控对策[J]. 土壤, 2007(3):347-353.
	CHEN Xiaobing, YANG Jinsong, LIU Chunqing, et al. Xinjiang soil salinization and its control countermeasures under large agricultural conditions[J]. Soil, 2007(3):347-353.
[18]	Baskin C C, Baskin J M. Advances in Understanding Seed Dormancy at the Whole-seed Level: An Ecological, Biogeographical and Phylogenetic Perspective[J]. Plant Diversity, 2008, 30(3):279-294.
[19]	张云, 马玉梅, 秦景逸, 等. 膜苞鸢尾种子休眠及萌发特性研究[J]. 草地学报, 2016, 24(5):1062-1067.
	ZHANG Yun, MA Yumei, QIN Jingyi, et al. Study on the dormancy and germination characteristics of the seeds of Iris membranaceus[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016, 24(5):1062-1067.
[20]	张俊杰, 韦霄, 柴胜丰, 等. 珍稀濒危植物金丝李种子的休眠机理[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(5):1371-1381.
	ZHANG Junjie, WEI Xiao, CHAI Shengfeng, et al. The dormancy mechanism of the seeds of the rare and endangered plant Jinsi plum[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(5):1371-1381.
[21]	吕昭智, 王佩玲, 张江国. 新疆北疆地区冬季土壤水势和温度的变化[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2010, 47(5):925-928.
	LU Zhaozhi, WANG Peiling, ZHANG Guoqiang. The changes of soil water potential and temperature in winter in northern Xinjiang region[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 47(5):925-928.
[22]	山金凤, 刘子嘉, 曾莹, 等. 皇后帝王花种皮特性对种子休眠的影响[J]. 热带作物学报, 2019, 40(1):67-72.
	SHAN Jinfeng, LIU Zijia, ZENG Ying, et al. Effects of the characteristics of the seed coat of the queen emperor flower on seed dormancy[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2019, 40(1):67-72.
[23]	杨文秀, 杨忠仁, 李红艳, 等. 促进植物种子萌发及解除休眠方法的研究[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2008(2):221-224.
	YANG Wenxiu, YANG Zhongren, LI Hongyan, et al. Study on methods of promoting plant seed germination and releasing dormancy[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Natural Science Ed.), 2008( 2):221-224.
[24]	张建华, 董良利, 曹昌林, 等. 解除藜种子休眠的方法研究[J]. 农学学报, 2015, 05(7):47-50.
	ZHANG Jianhua, DONG Liangli, CAO Changlin, et al. Study on the method of releasing dormancy of Chenopodium album[J]. Journal of Agricultue, 2015, 05(7):47-50.
[25]	郭瑞峰, 张建华, 关望辉, 等. 狗尾草种子休眠破除方法研究[J]. 山西农业科学, 2017, 45(7):1084-1086.
	GUO Ruifeng, ZHANG Jianhua, GUAN Wanghui, et al. Study on the method of removing dormancy of Setaria viridis seeds[J]. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(7):1084-1086.
[26]	章俊, 陈旭, 陶燕东, 等. 不同环境因子对海三棱藨草种子及球茎萌发影响的研究[J]. 海洋湖沼通报, 2020(4):156-164.
	ZHANG Jun, CHEN Xu, TAO Yandong, et al. Effects of different environmental factors on the germination of S. marigold seeds and bulbs[J]. Journal of Ocean Limnology, 2020(4):156-164.
[27]	王颖, 王兰, 马艳, 等. 环境因素对新疆不同地区田旋花种子萌发的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(5):890-898. DOI
	WANG Ying, WANG Lan, MA Yan, et al. Effects of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Field Bindweed in Different Areas of Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(5):890-898. DOI
[28]	杨彩宏, 冯莉, 岳茂峰. 恶性杂草马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)种子萌发特性的研究[J]. 植物保护, 2009, 35(1):62-65.
	YANG Caihong, FENG Li, YUE Maofeng. Study on the seed germination characteristics of the vicious weed Portulaca oleracea[J]. Plant Protection, 2009, 35(1):62-65.
[29]	何影, 马淼. 入侵植物意大利苍耳种子萌发对环境因子的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(4):1226-1234.
	HE Ying, MA Miao. The response of seed germination of the invasive plant Cocklebur of Italy to environmental factors[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(4):1226-1234.
[30]	Chachalis D, Reddy K N. Factors affecting Campsis radicans seed germination and seedling emergence[J]. Weed Science, 2000, 48(2):212-216. DOI URL
[31]	Chauhan B S, Gill G, Preston C. Factors affecting turnip weed (Rapistrum rugosum) seed germination in southern Australia[J]. Weed Science, 2006, 54(6):1032-1036. DOI URL
[32]	马小艳, 马艳, 彭军, 等. 我国棉田杂草研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 棉花学报, 2010, 22(4):372-380.
	MA Xiaoyan, MA Yan, PENG Jun, et al. The research status and development trend of cotton field weeds in my country[J]. Cotton Sciences, 2010, 22(4):372-380.