不同硅处理方式对干旱胁迫下大麦萌发的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究不同处理方式下不同浓度的硅对干旱胁迫下大麦萌发的影响,综合评价各处理下大麦幼苗的抗旱性,确定最佳处理。【方法】 分别在种子发芽前使用硅溶液浸种(A处理)和在种子发芽的培养过程中向发芽盒里加硅培养液(B处理)两种方式处理新啤6号大麦种子,两种方式均设置0.0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 mmol/L Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O浓度水平,研究对干旱胁迫下大麦发芽指标、形态指标和生长量的影响。【结果】 A处理下随着硅浓度的增加发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、芽长、芽鞘长、根数、根和芽的鲜重与干重均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而根芽比呈先降低后增加的趋势,发芽率无显著变化。B处理下0.0和0.5 mmol/L Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O浓度下各指标均无显著差异,1.0~2.0浓度区间内根芽比随硅浓度增加呈降低趋势,其他各指标随硅浓度增加而增加。【结论】 1.0 mmol/L Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O浸种处理的大麦幼苗抗旱性最佳。

关键词: 硅; 干旱胁迫; 大麦(Hordeum Vulgare L.); 萌发

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different concentrations of silicon on the germination of barley under drought stress with different treatments and comprehensively evaluate the drought resistance of barley seedlings under each treatment, so as to determine the best treatment. 【Methods】 Barley variety 'Xinpi6' was treated respectively by soaking seeds with silicon solution before germination (treatment A) and adding silicon culture solution to the germination box (treatment B).The concentration of Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O was set at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mmol/L in both methods to study the effects of drought stress on germination indicator, morphological indicator and growth of barley. 【Result】 In the treatment A, with the increase of silicon concentration, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, root length, bud length, coleophyllum length, root number, fresh and dry weight of root and bud all increased first and then decreased, while the root-bud ratio decreased first and then increased.There was no significant difference in germination rate under different silicon concentrations.In the treatment B, there was no significant difference in all indicators at 0.0 and 0.5 mmol/L Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O concentrations.The root shoot ratio decreased with the increase of the silicon concentration from 1.0 to 2.0, while other indicators increased with the increase of silicon concentration. 【Conclusion】 It was the best for the drought resistance of barley seedlings treated by soaking of seeds with 1.0 mmol/L Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O.

Key words: silicon; drought stress; barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.); germination

中图分类号:

S512.3

宋凌宇, 齐军仓, 张松, 邱英, 尚纪霏, 冯彩军. 不同硅处理方式对干旱胁迫下大麦萌发的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(2): 317-325.

SONG Lingyu, QI Juncang, ZHANG Song, QIU Ying, SHANG Jifei, FENG Caijun. Effects of Different Silicon Treatments on Barley Germination under Drought Stress[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(2): 317-325.

图/表 8

图1 不同硅处理方式下大麦种子每日的发芽变化

Fig.1 Daily germination of barley seeds under different silicon treatments

图2 硅处理干旱胁迫下大麦发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数变化

Fig.2 Effects of silicon treatment on germination potential, germination rate and germination index of barley under drought stress

表1 硅处理干旱胁迫下大麦幼苗根长、芽长、芽鞘长和根数变化

Table 1 Effects of silicon treatment on root length, bud length, bud sheath length and root number of barley seedlings under drought stress

处理 Treatment	Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O浓度 Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O concentration (mmol/L)	根长 Root length (cm)	芽长 Bud length (cm)	芽鞘长 Coleophyllum length(cm)	根数 Root number (条)
	CK₁	2.38±0.35^c	0.85±0.22^c	0.85±0.22^d	4.93±0.12^c
	0.5	2.61±0.03^c	1.20±0.14^ab	1.26±0.07^b	5.13±0.12^ab
A	1.0	3.43±0.37^a	1.33±0.07^a	1.69±0.24^a	5.27±0.12^a
	1.5	3.11±0.10^ab	0.99±0.06^bc	1.13±0.03^bc	4.87±0.12^c
	2.0	2.80±0.21^bc	0.88±0.00^c	0.94±0.04^cd	5.00±0.12^bc
	CK₂	2.21±0.07^cd	0.82±0.04^c	0.83±0.05^d	4.93±0.24^a
	0.5	2.14±0.15^d	0.78±0.10^c	0.86±0.02^d	4.97±0.11^a
B	1.0	2.30±0.07^c	0.95±0.07^c	1.02±0.05^c	5.07±0.12^a
	1.5	2.70±0.25^b	1.16±0.03^b	1.20±0.03^b	5.17±0.23^a
	2.0	3.07±0.24^a	1.27±0.14^a	1.50±0.12^a	5.07±0.12^a

表2 硅处理干旱胁迫下大麦幼苗根和芽重量变化

Table 2 Effects of silicon treatment on root and bud weight of barley seedlings under drought stress

处理 Treat- ment	Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O 浓度 Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O concentration (mmol/L)	根鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	芽鲜重 Bud fresh weight (g)	根干重 Root dry weight (g)	芽干重 Bud dry weight (g)	根芽比 Root bud ratio
	CK₁	0.462 5±0.038 5^c	0.121 2±0.022 4^c	0.094 0±0.007 7^c	0.034 1±0.005 1^b	2.755 6±0.205 8^a
	0.5	0.537 2±0.038 0^b	0.150 8±0.003 7^b	0.111 6±0.006 $0 a b$	0.041 6±0.002 $5 a b$	2.684 0±0.027 5^a
A	1.0	0.644 2±0.031 9^a	0.260 1±0.019 9^a	0.122 7±0.005 9^a	0.062 2±0.005 5^a	1.972 7±0.080 4^c
	1.5	0.526 6±0.048 $6 b c$	0.165 3±0.004 8^b	0.104 7±0.004 $6 b c$	0.045 5±0.000 $6 a b$	2.299 4±0.100 4^b
	2.0	0.475 9±0.045 $5 b c$	0.145 7±0.022 5^b	0.110 2±0.008 5^b	0.041 0±0.003 $2 a b$	2.687 0±0.052 7^a
	CK₂	0.448 8±0.032 9^c	0.120 0±0.017 8^d	0.092 6±0.002 2^c	0.034 1±0.000 5^d	2.715 5±0.058 5^a
	0.5	0.435 5±0.018 6^c	0.115 0±0.013 9^d	0.090 4±0.000 9^c	0.033 1±0.001 5^d	2.728 3±0.137 8^a
B	1.0	0.475 6±0.017 $5 b c$	0.142 7±0.008 8^c	0.093 4±0.002 6^c	0.039 4±0.001 7^c	2.373 1±0.045 3^b
	1.5	0.521 8±0.059 $8 a b$	0.194 1±0.017 9^b	0.103 9±0.004 3^b	0.046 8±0.002 2^b	2.218 0±0.088 6^b
	2.0	0.567 4±0.044 3^a	0.238 7±0.024 1^a	0.112 7±0.004 9^a	0.056 8±0.003 5^a	1.982 3±0.046 8^c

表2 硅处理干旱胁迫下大麦幼苗根和芽重量变化

Table 2 Effects of silicon treatment on root and bud weight of barley seedlings under drought stress

处理 Treat- ment	Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O 浓度 Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O concentration (mmol/L)	根鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)	芽鲜重 Bud fresh weight (g)	根干重 Root dry weight (g)	芽干重 Bud dry weight (g)	根芽比 Root bud ratio
	CK₁	0.462 5±0.038 5^c	0.121 2±0.022 4^c	0.094 0±0.007 7^c	0.034 1±0.005 1^b	2.755 6±0.205 8^a
	0.5	0.537 2±0.038 0^b	0.150 8±0.003 7^b	0.111 6±0.006 $0 a b$	0.041 6±0.002 $5 a b$	2.684 0±0.027 5^a
A	1.0	0.644 2±0.031 9^a	0.260 1±0.019 9^a	0.122 7±0.005 9^a	0.062 2±0.005 5^a	1.972 7±0.080 4^c
	1.5	0.526 6±0.048 $6 b c$	0.165 3±0.004 8^b	0.104 7±0.004 $6 b c$	0.045 5±0.000 $6 a b$	2.299 4±0.100 4^b
	2.0	0.475 9±0.045 $5 b c$	0.145 7±0.022 5^b	0.110 2±0.008 5^b	0.041 0±0.003 $2 a b$	2.687 0±0.052 7^a
	CK₂	0.448 8±0.032 9^c	0.120 0±0.017 8^d	0.092 6±0.002 2^c	0.034 1±0.000 5^d	2.715 5±0.058 5^a
	0.5	0.435 5±0.018 6^c	0.115 0±0.013 9^d	0.090 4±0.000 9^c	0.033 1±0.001 5^d	2.728 3±0.137 8^a
B	1.0	0.475 6±0.017 $5 b c$	0.142 7±0.008 8^c	0.093 4±0.002 6^c	0.039 4±0.001 7^c	2.373 1±0.045 3^b
	1.5	0.521 8±0.059 $8 a b$	0.194 1±0.017 9^b	0.103 9±0.004 3^b	0.046 8±0.002 2^b	2.218 0±0.088 6^b
	2.0	0.567 4±0.044 3^a	0.238 7±0.024 1^a	0.112 7±0.004 9^a	0.056 8±0.003 5^a	1.982 3±0.046 8^c

表3 硅处理下大麦幼苗主成分列表及方差贡献率

Table 3 Component list and percentage of variance of barley seedlings under silicon treatment

处理 Treatment	主成分 Component	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Percentage of variance(%)	累积方差贡献率 Cumulative percentage(%)
A	1	11.398	87.678	88.147
	2	1.070	8.234	95.912
B	1	12.270	94.384	94.384
	2	0.545 26	4.194	98.579

表4 硅处理下大麦幼苗主成分因子载荷矩阵

Table 4 Component factor load matrix of barley seedlings under silicon treatment

处理 Treatment	发芽指标 Germination indicator	因子载荷 Factor load		形态指标 Morphological indicator	因子载荷 Factor load		生长量 Growth	因子载荷 Factor load
处理 Treatment	发芽指标 Germination indicator	1	2	形态指标 Morphological indicator	1	2	生长量 Growth	1	2
	发芽势	0.915	-0.329	根长	0.885	-0.450	根鲜重	0.982	0.046
	发芽率	0.946	0.249	根数	0.799	0.568	芽鲜重	0.976	-0.099
A	发芽指数	0.982	-0.001	芽长	0.900	0.344	根干重	0.916	0.198
	活力指数	0.993	-0.052	芽鞘长	0.979	0.130	芽干重	0.984	-0.142
							根芽比	-0.894	0.408
	发芽势	0.991		根长	0.985		根鲜重	0.998
	发芽率	0.954		根数	0.742		芽鲜重	0.995
B	发芽指数	1.000		芽长	0.997		根干重	0.976
	活力指数	0.998		芽鞘长	0.986		芽干重	0.993
							根芽比	-0.985

表5 硅处理下大麦幼苗抗旱能力的主成分综合评价

Table 5 Comprehensive evaluation on drought resistance ability of barley seedlings under silicon treatment

处理 Treatment	Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O浓度 Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O concentration(mmol/L)	因子得分Factor score		综合效应指数 Comprehensive effect index
处理 Treatment	Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O浓度 Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O concentration(mmol/L)	1	2	综合效应指数 Comprehensive effect index
	CK₁	-3.600 3	0.005 1	-3.156 2
	0.5	0.183 9	1.387 3	0.275 5
A	1.0	5.010 8	0.038 9	4.396 5
	1.5	-0.289 8	-1.147 7	-0.348 6
	2.0	-1.304 6	-0.283 7	-1.167 2
	CK₂	-2.977 1		-2.977 1
	0.5	-3.386 9		-3.386 9
B	1.0	-0.688 2		-0.688 2
	1.5	2.318 8		2.318 8
	2.0	4.733 4		4.733 4

表6 硅处理下大麦幼苗抗旱能力的隶属函数及综合评价

Table 6 Subordination function and comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of barley seedlings under silicon treatment

处理 Treatment	Na₂SiO₃· 9H₂O 浓度 Na₂SiO₃· 9H₂O concentration (mmol/L)	发芽势 Germin ation potential R	发芽率 Germin ation rate R	发芽指数 Germin ation index R	活力指数 Vigor index R	根长 Root length R	芽长 Bud length R	芽鞘长 Coleop hyllum length R	根数 Root number R	根鲜重 Root fresh weight R	芽鲜重 Bud fresh weight R	根干重 Root dry weight R	芽干重 Bud dry weight R	根芽比 Root bud ratio R	R	排名 Ranking
	CK₁	0.19	0.12	0.02	0.17	0.13	0.04	0.11	0.03	1.00	0.06	0.42	0.13	0.09	0.19	8
	0.5	0.37	0.76	0.50	0.67	0.49	0.25	0.65	0.29	0.91	0.42	0.75	0.58	0.42	0.54	3
A	1.0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.92	1
	1.5	0.75	0.37	0.35	0.00	0.44	0.35	0.44	0.43	0.42	0.71	0.58	0.67	0.47	0.46	5
	2.0	0.51	0.18	0.13	0.33	0.19	0.21	0.61	0.27	0.91	0.52	0.67	0.54	0.31	0.41	6
	CK₂	0.06	0.07	0.00	0.16	0.06	0.03	0.07	0.03	0.95	0.00	0.25	0.04	0.04	0.14	9
	0.5	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.25	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.97	0.06	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10	10
B	1.0	0.13	0.31	0.23	0.50	0.19	0.19	0.09	0.21	0.51	0.29	0.42	0.23	0.17	0.27	7
	1.5	0.44	0.69	0.43	0.75	0.41	0.54	0.42	0.47	0.31	0.50	0.58	0.48	0.44	0.50	4
	2.0	0.72	0.89	0.78	0.50	0.63	0.85	0.69	0.82	0.01	0.77	0.75	0.67	0.64	0.67	2

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