天山北坡前山带典型灌木光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.028

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1531-1539.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.028

• 植物保护·林业·畜牧兽医 • 上一篇下一篇

天山北坡前山带典型灌木光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应

汤东¹(), 安玉光², 程平³(), 李宏⁴, 杨建军¹, 王凯³

1.新疆大学资源与环境科学学院/新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830046
2.新疆维吾尔自治区天山东部国有林管理局玛纳斯南山分局,新疆玛纳斯 832200
3.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
4.新疆林业科学院,乌鲁木齐 830063

收稿日期:2022-05-26 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-20
通信作者: 程平(1985-),男,安徽怀宁人,副研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为森林培育,(E-mail) 84966324@qq.com
作者简介:汤东(1996-),男,甘肃民勤人,硕士研究生,研究方向为干旱区植被生态恢复,(E-mail)627346905@qq.com
基金资助:
天然林保护工程财政资金专项“新疆天山北坡前山带植被恢复技术研究与示范”(XJTB2020-03)

Responses of photosynthetic characteristics of typical shrubs in piedmont on the northern slope of tianshan mountains to drought stress

TANG Dong¹(), AN Yuguang², CHENG Ping³(), LI Hong⁴, YANG Jianjun¹, WANG Kai³

1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Ministry of Education / College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
2. Manas Nanshan Branch of State-owned Forestry Administration Bureau of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Manas Xinjiang 832200, China
3. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
4. Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830063, China

Received:2022-05-26 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-20
Correspondence author: CHENG Ping (1985-), male, native place: Huaining, Anhui. Associate researcher, master, research field: Breeding of new peach varieties, (E-mail) 84966324@qq.com
Supported by:
Special Financial Fund for Natural Forest Protection Project "Research and Demonstration of Vegetation Restoration Technology in the Front Mountain Belt of the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang"(XJTB2020-03)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究干旱胁迫对天山北坡前山带区域典型灌木植物光合特性的影响。【方法】以天山北坡前山带典型灌木(锦鸡儿Caragana sinica Rehd.、沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides L.、刺蔷薇Rosa acicularis Lindl.和文冠果Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge.)为研究对象,人为控制土壤水分补给,利用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪监测叶片光合生理指标及水分利用效率(WUE),研究4种灌木光合特性与水分利用效率在不同土壤体积含水量下的变化特征,分析4种灌木在不同干旱程度下的响应机制。【结果】4种灌木叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均表现为随干旱程度的加剧而降低,锦鸡儿、沙棘、刺蔷薇和文冠果光合速率明显被抑制的土壤含水量临界值分别是10.08%、12.59%、9.85%、10.59%,土壤含水量极限值分别是7.76%、9.19%、7.52%、8.17%。锦鸡儿和沙棘的WUE均是在轻度干旱程度时达最大值,而刺蔷薇和文冠果则是在中度干旱程度达最大值,并且锦鸡儿、沙棘、刺蔷薇和文冠果在土壤含水量分别达到11.60%、12.25%、8.75%、12.00%时具有最优WUE;灌木叶片WUE与空气温度呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与光合有效辐射呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),而与Pn、Tr、Gs和Ci相关性较弱。【结论】当土壤含水量低于9.85%时,4种灌木植物光合特性明显被抑制,但土壤含水量达到8.75%~12.25%,植物对土壤水分利用效率达到最优,4种灌木抗旱性为刺蔷薇>锦鸡儿>文冠果>沙棘。适当补水对灌木植物抗逆性维持具有重要作用。

关键词: 天山北坡; 前山带; 灌木; 光合特性; 水分利用效率; 干旱胁迫

Abstract:

【Objective】 To understand the effects of drought stress on the photosynthetic characteristics of typical shrubs in the front mountain zone of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains.【Method】 The typical shrubs in the front mountain zone of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains (Caragana sinica Rehd., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Rosa acicularis Lindl.and Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge.) were taken as the research objects, the artificial control of soil moisture as replenishment, Li-6400 the portable photosynthesis system continuously monitors leaf photosynthetic indicators and water use efficiency were used to explore the changes in photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency of 4 shrubs under different soil water contents, and analyze the response mechanism of 4 shrubs to drought stress.【Result】 The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) of the four shrubs all decreased with increasing drought.The critical values of soil water content at which the photosynthetic rate of C.sinica,H.rhamnoides, R.acicularis and X.sorbifolium significantly inhibited were 10.08%, 12.59%, 9.85%, and 10.59%, respectively.The limit values of soil water content were 7.76%, 9.19%, 7.52% and 8.17%, respectively.The WUE of C.sinica and H.rhamnoides reached its maximum value under mild drought, while the WUE of R.acicularis and X.sorbifolium reached its maximum value under moderate drought.The water content of C.sinica, H.rhamnoides, R.acicularis and X.sorbifolium reached the maximum under moderate drought.When it reached 11.60%, 12.25%, 8.75%, and 12.00%, it had the best WUE;Shrub leaf WUE had a very significant positive correlation with air temperature (P<0.01), a significant positive correlation with photosynthetically active radiation (P<0.05), and a weak correlation with Pn, Tr, Gs and Ci.【Conclusion】 When the soil water content is lower than 9.85%, the photosynthetic characteristics of the four shrubs are obviously inhibited, but when the soil water content reaches 8.75%~12.25%, the plant's soil water use efficiency reaches the optimal level.The change characteristics comprehensively judge the drought resistance of 4 shrubs: R.acicularis >C.sinica>X.sorbifolium>H.rhamnoides. Therefore, appropriate artificial water supplementation plays an important role in maintaining the resistance of local shrubs.

Key words: northern slope of Tianshan Mountain; front mountain belt; shrub; photosynthetic characteristics; water use efficiency; drought stress

中图分类号:

S712

汤东, 安玉光, 程平, 李宏, 杨建军, 王凯. 天山北坡前山带典型灌木光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1531-1539.

TANG Dong, AN Yuguang, CHENG Ping, LI Hong, YANG Jianjun, WANG Kai. Responses of photosynthetic characteristics of typical shrubs in piedmont on the northern slope of tianshan mountains to drought stress[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1531-1539.

图/表 7

表1 试验苗木生长情况

Tab.1 Growth situation of test seedlings

灌木类型 Shrub type	株高 Height (cm)	基径 Base diameter(cm)	冠径 Crown diameter(cm)
锦鸡儿 C.sinica	68.37±5.13	0.43±0.01	33.90±1.72
沙棘 H.rhamnoides	81.87±2.65	0.32±0.01	36.53±3.12
刺蔷薇 R.acicularis	99.14±6.57	0.52±0.05	85.93±5.41
文冠果 X.sorbifolium	63.67±4.04	0.38±0.02	56.53±3.68

图1 灌木林地环境因子动态变化特征

Fig.1 The dynamic change characteristics of shrub environmental factors

图2 不同干旱胁迫下4种灌木的光合指标变化注:小写字母不同表示差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.2 Photosynthetic index of 4 shrubs under different drought stress Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences(P<0.05)

表2 4种灌木植物叶片光合指标与含水量的相关性及耐性临界值、极限值

Tab.2 Correlation between leaf photosynthetic index and water content of 4 shrubs and critical value and limit value of tolerance

灌木类型 Shrub type	光合指标 Photosyn thetic index	优化模型 Optimization model	耐旱临界值 Drought critical value(%)	耐旱极限值 Drought limit value(%)
锦鸡儿 C.sinica	Pn	y=14.42ln(x)-19.30(R²=0.96, P<0.01)	10.08	7.76
	Gs	y=0.03x-0.13(R²=0.99, P<0.01)	12.23	8.99
	Ci	y=220.64ln(x)-317.07(R²=0.99, P<0.01)	10.63	8.05
	Tr	y=5.39ln(x)-7.65(R²=0.99, P<0.01)	9.97	7.55
沙棘 H.rhamnoides	Pn	y=1.40x-2.79(R²=0.95, P<0.01)	12.59	9.19
	Gs	y=0.03x-0.11(R²=0.99, P<0.01)	12.12	8.85
	Ci	y=139.42ln(x)-66.85(R²=0.95, P<0.01)	9.34	7.69
	Tr	y=4.67ln(x)-6.65(R²=0.97, P<0.01)	10.49	7.66
刺蔷薇 R.acicularis	Pn	y=5.86ln(x)-8.13(R²=0.98, P<0.01)	9.85	7.52
	Gs	y=0.09ln(x)-0.13(R²=0.98, P<0.01)	10.31	7.58
	Ci	y=133.75ln(x)-143.76(R²=0.99, P<0.01)	10.06	7.60
	Tr	y=2.80ln(x)-3.87(R²=0.98, P<0.01)	9.88	7.42
文冠果 X.sorbifolium	Pn	y=10.84ln(x)-13.81(R²=0.98, P<0.01)	10.59	8.17
	Gs	y=0.24ln(x)-0.38(R²=0.98, P<0.01)	10.51	8.08
	Ci	y=6.63x+179.25(R²=0.98, P<0.01)	11.36	8.30
	Tr	y=6.61ln(x)-6.24(R²=0.97, P<0.01)	10.21	7.56

表3 4种灌木植物WUE对土壤水分的响应

Tab.3 Responses of four shrubs WUE to soil moisture

灌木植物 Shrub type	优化模型 Optimization model	拟合优度 Goodness of fit	最优含水量 Optimal water content
锦鸡儿C.sinica	y=-0.03x²+0.70x+0.64(P<0.01)	R²=0.90	11.60%
沙棘H.rhamnoides	y=-0.02x²+0.49x+0.11(P<0.05)	R²=0.84	12.25%
刺蔷薇R.acicularis	y=-0.02x²+0.35x+4.01(P<0.05)	R²=0.82	8.75%
文冠果X.sorbifolium	y=-0.02x²+0.48x+0.66(P=0.10)	R²=0.68	12.00%

表4 植物叶片水分利用效率与环境因子、光合指标之间的相关系数

Tab.4 Correlation between plant leaf water use efficiency and environmental factors and photosynthetic indicators

指标 Index	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	指标 Index	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
Pn	-0.068 6	Ci	-0.129 7
Tr	-0.069 5	空气温度	0.619 $9 * *$
Gs	-0.034 7	光合有效辐射	0.466 9^*

表4 植物叶片水分利用效率与环境因子、光合指标之间的相关系数

Tab.4 Correlation between plant leaf water use efficiency and environmental factors and photosynthetic indicators

指标 Index	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	指标 Index	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
Pn	-0.068 6	Ci	-0.129 7
Tr	-0.069 5	空气温度	0.619 $9 * *$
Gs	-0.034 7	光合有效辐射	0.466 9^*

图3 植物叶片水分利用效率与土壤含水量的关系

Fig.3 The relationship between plant leaf water use efficiency and soil water content

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天山北坡前山带典型灌木光合特性对干旱胁迫的响应

Responses of photosynthetic characteristics of typical shrubs in piedmont on the northern slope of tianshan mountains to drought stress

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