哈密淖毛湖主栽甜瓜病原微生物分离及鉴定

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.022

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (5): 1223-1230.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.022

• 植物保护·微生物·贮藏保鲜加工 • 上一篇下一篇

哈密淖毛湖主栽甜瓜病原微生物分离及鉴定

王志慧¹(), 霍向东¹, 李江峰², 翟勇³, 李佩琪⁴, 秦新政¹()

1.新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所/新疆特殊环境微生物实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.哈密市农业农机技术推广服务中心,新疆哈密 839001
3.哈密隆泰农业科技有限公司,新疆哈密 848400
4.新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐,830046

收稿日期:2021-12-04 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-06-09
通信作者: 秦新政
作者简介:王志慧(1995-),女,新疆喀什人,助理研究员,研究方向为农业微生物学,(E-mail) wqhui412@126.com
基金资助:
自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(KY2020106);农业农村部2021年农业产业融合发展项目(伊吾县淖毛湖镇)

Isolation and Preliminary Identification of Pathogenic Microorganisms from Muskmelon in Hami Nuomao Lake Area

WANG Zhihui¹(), HUO Xiangdong¹, LI Jiangfen², ZHAI Yong³, LI Peiqi⁴, QIN Xinzheng¹()

1. Xinjiang Special Environmental Microbiology Laboratory / Research Institute of Applied Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Hami Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Service Center, Hami Xinjiang 839001, China
3. Hami Longtai Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Hami Xinjiang 848400, China
4. College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China

Received:2021-12-04 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2022-06-09
Correspondence author: QIN Xinzheng
Supported by:
Basic Scientific R &D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(KY2020106);Agricultural Industry Integration Development Project of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in 2021 (Nuomaohu Town, Igo County)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆哈密淖毛湖主栽甜瓜品种黄86及西州蜜的健康和发病植株根、藤蔓、果实及根际土中可培养微生物的分离、培养及鉴定,为淖毛湖主栽品种的甜瓜病害防控提供必要的病原菌和微生物病害种类信息。【方法】采集病株及对照健康株样品的根、藤蔓、果实及根际土,采用稀释涂布法分离、培养细菌及真菌,采用16s rDNA及ITS 初步鉴定分离菌株,对比健康株及病株样品中的微生物,分析潜在的病原菌及微生物病害种类。【结果】甜瓜品种黄86健康株及病株中共计分离、培养鉴定可培养菌株23株,其中细菌13株,真菌10株,潜在病原菌4株;甜瓜品种西州蜜健康株及病株中共计分离、培养鉴定可培养菌株51株,其中细菌37株,真菌14株,潜在病原菌4株。【结论】甜瓜品种黄86主要病原菌2株,为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)可分别引起甜瓜枯萎病、黄萎病;甜瓜品种西州蜜主要病原菌1株,为腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani),可引起甜瓜镰孢根腐病。

关键词: 甜瓜; 病原微生物; 分离; 鉴定

Abstract:

【Objective】 Through the isolation, culture and preliminary identification of culturable microorganisms in the root, vine, fruit and rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased melon varieties Huang 86 and Xizhoumi, which are mainly cultivated in The Nuomao Lake of Hami, the this project aims to provide necessary information of pathogenic bacteria and microbial diseases for the prevention and control of melon diseases in the Lake. 【Method】 The roots, vines, fruits and rhizosphere soil of diseased and control healthy strains were collected, and bacteria and fungi were isolated and cultured by dilution coating method. 16S rDNA and ITS were used to identify and isolate the isolates. The microbes in healthy and diseased samples were compared to determine the potential pathogenic bacteria and microbial disease types. 【Result】 A total of 23 culturable strains were isolated and identified from healthy and diseased strains of melon variety Huang 86, including 13 bacteria, 10 fungi and 4 potential pathogenic bacteria. A total of 51 culturable strains were isolated and identified, including 37 bacteria and 14 fungi, and 4 potential pathogenic bacteria were found. 【Conclusion】 The results showed that Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae can cause Fusarium wilt and Verticillium dahliae, respectively. The main pathogen of melon variety Xizhoumi was Fusarium solani, which can cause melon Fusarium root rot.

Key words: Cucumis melo L.; pathogenic microorganism; separation; appraisal

中图分类号:

S435.112.6

王志慧, 霍向东, 李江峰, 翟勇, 李佩琪, 秦新政. 哈密淖毛湖主栽甜瓜病原微生物分离及鉴定[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(5): 1223-1230.

WANG Zhihui, HUO Xiangdong, LI Jiangfen, ZHAI Yong, LI Peiqi, QIN Xinzheng. Isolation and Preliminary Identification of Pathogenic Microorganisms from Muskmelon in Hami Nuomao Lake Area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(5): 1223-1230.

图/表 4

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属名 Generic name	健康甜瓜Health melon		发病甜瓜The onset of melon
属名 Generic name	根部Root	藤蔓Vines	根部Root	藤蔓Vines
不动杆菌属 (Acinetobacter)	Acinetobacter calcoaceticus		Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
假单胞菌属 (Pseudomonas)	Pseudomonas vranovensis	Pseudomonas hibiscicola	Pseudomonas brassicacearum	Pseudomonas baetica、 Pseudomonas fluorescens
芽孢杆菌属 (Bacillus)				Bacillus altitudinis、 Bacillus subtilis
肠杆菌属 (Enterobacter)		Enterobacter cloacae
泛菌属 (Pantoea)			Pantoea agglomerans	Pantoea agglomerans
Peribacillus			Peribacillus simplex
类芽孢杆菌属 (Paenibacillus)				Paenibacillus tundrae
织球壳属 (Plectosphaerella)	Plectosphaerella cucumerina
毛束霉属(Trichuru)	Trichurus spiralis			Trichurus spiralis
Vishniacozyma		Vishniacozyma victoriae		Vishniacozyma tephrensis
轮枝菌属 (Verticillium)			Verticillium dahliae
刺盘孢菌属 (Colletotrichum)			Colletotrichum pisi
球二孢属 (Lasiodiplodia)			Lasiodiplodia theobromae
根菌属(Talaromyces)		Talaromyces radicus
镰刀菌属(Fusarium)			Fusarium oxysporum

属名 Generic name	健康甜瓜Health melon		发病甜瓜The onset of melon
属名 Generic name	根部Root	藤蔓Vines	根部Root	藤蔓Vines
不动杆菌属 (Acinetobacter)	Acinetobacter calcoaceticus		Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
假单胞菌属 (Pseudomonas)	Pseudomonas vranovensis	Pseudomonas hibiscicola	Pseudomonas brassicacearum	Pseudomonas baetica、 Pseudomonas fluorescens
芽孢杆菌属 (Bacillus)				Bacillus altitudinis、 Bacillus subtilis
肠杆菌属 (Enterobacter)		Enterobacter cloacae
泛菌属 (Pantoea)			Pantoea agglomerans	Pantoea agglomerans
Peribacillus			Peribacillus simplex
类芽孢杆菌属 (Paenibacillus)				Paenibacillus tundrae
织球壳属 (Plectosphaerella)	Plectosphaerella cucumerina
毛束霉属(Trichuru)	Trichurus spiralis			Trichurus spiralis
Vishniacozyma		Vishniacozyma victoriae		Vishniacozyma tephrensis
轮枝菌属 (Verticillium)			Verticillium dahliae
刺盘孢菌属 (Colletotrichum)			Colletotrichum pisi
球二孢属 (Lasiodiplodia)			Lasiodiplodia theobromae
根菌属(Talaromyces)		Talaromyces radicus
镰刀菌属(Fusarium)			Fusarium oxysporum

序号 Number	病原菌名称 Pathogen name	引起病害名称 Name of cause disease	病害特征 Disease characteristics
1	Pantoea agglomerans	冬枣叶枯病、火龙果细菌性腐烂病、核桃黑斑病等	初期叶片主要产生淡黄色椭圆形斑点,病斑初期产生褪绿小点,后期逐渐扩大为圆形褐色水渍斑,并伴有黄色晕圈
2	Fusarium oxysporum	甜瓜枯萎病	发病初期:病株叶片下而上逐渐萎蔫、似缺水状,中午更明显,早晚尚能恢复,数日后整株叶片严重萎蔫下垂、不能再恢复正常,整株死亡),将病茎纵割,维管束呈黄褐色
3	Lasiodiplodia theobromae	茶叶叶枯病、葡萄溃疡病、猕猴桃叶斑病等	主要有梢枯、枝枯、根腐、果腐、叶斑、溃疡、流胶、变色、坏死和鬼帚病
4	Verticillium dahliae	甜瓜黄萎病	病株叶片黄化、叶缘 V 字形坏死、叶片萎垂,茎部维管束呈淡黄褐色,根部无明显根腐症状

序号 Number	病原菌名称 Pathogen name	引起病害名称 Name of cause disease	病害特征 Disease characteristics
1	Pantoea agglomerans	冬枣叶枯病、火龙果细菌性腐烂病、核桃黑斑病等	初期叶片主要产生淡黄色椭圆形斑点,病斑初期产生褪绿小点,后期逐渐扩大为圆形褐色水渍斑,并伴有黄色晕圈
2	Fusarium oxysporum	甜瓜枯萎病	发病初期:病株叶片下而上逐渐萎蔫、似缺水状,中午更明显,早晚尚能恢复,数日后整株叶片严重萎蔫下垂、不能再恢复正常,整株死亡),将病茎纵割,维管束呈黄褐色
3	Lasiodiplodia theobromae	茶叶叶枯病、葡萄溃疡病、猕猴桃叶斑病等	主要有梢枯、枝枯、根腐、果腐、叶斑、溃疡、流胶、变色、坏死和鬼帚病
4	Verticillium dahliae	甜瓜黄萎病	病株叶片黄化、叶缘 V 字形坏死、叶片萎垂,茎部维管束呈淡黄褐色,根部无明显根腐症状

序号 Number	病原菌名称 Pathogen name	引起病害名称 Name of cause disease	病害特征 Disease characteristics
1	Bacillus velezensis	鹰嘴桃腐烂病	果实表面出现水湿凹陷的病斑,危害严重时脱落
2	Cladosporium cladosporioides	香蕉煤污病、芒果露水斑病等	香蕉煤污病,果实表面形成灰色霉斑,呈煤烟状
3	Fusarium solani	甜瓜根腐病	病斑凹陷,轮纹状,病斑上有白色的菌丝及孢子;危害甜瓜根部表皮柔膜组织, 整个生育期都能侵染, 病株具有根部形成干腐型根腐病斑和生长中后期叶片变黄
4	Aspergillus niger	鹰嘴桃腐烂病	果实表面出现水湿凹陷的病斑,危害严重时脱落

哈密淖毛湖主栽甜瓜病原微生物分离及鉴定

Isolation and Preliminary Identification of Pathogenic Microorganisms from Muskmelon in Hami Nuomao Lake Area

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