Effects of grass growing on soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality of apple orchard in arid desert area

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.018

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of grass on soil physicochemicalproperties and fruit quality of apple orchard in arid desert area.The research results provide scientific reference for the popularization of natural grass growing technology in apple orchards in arid and desert areas. 【Methods】 With Fuji apple as the test material, one treatment of natural grass was set up, and the clean tillage was used as the control for 5 consecutive years. The soil environment of each layer under the two treatments was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. 【Results】 The results showed that grass had a greater effect on the physicochemicalproperties of shallow soil, but little effect on deep soil. Compared with clear tillage, the pH value, conductivity and water-soluble salt content of 0-20 cm soil layer were reduced by 0.11, 0.11 mS/cm and 0.36 g/kg respectively. Soil water content increased by 0.63 percentage points, soil bulk density decreased by 0.06 g/cm³, and total porosity increased by 2.41 percentage points. The contents of organic matter, available nitrogen and total nitrogen were increased by 0.17 g/kg, 0.39 mg/kg and 0.02 g/kg, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation of principal components found that the soil environment of natural grass treatment was better than that of clean tillage treatment, and the soil of natural grass treatment was more loose, with higher nutrient content and lower salinization degree. The fruit weight and soluble solid content of apples under natural grass treatment were increased by 22.49 g and 0.71 percentage points, respectively, compared with clear tillage. 【Conclusion】 Natural grass growing for a certain period of time can improve the physicochemicalproperties of orchard soil and improve the fresh food quality of apple, and

Key words: natural grass; arid desert region; apple; physicochemical properties of soil; fruit quality

摘要：

【目的】探究干旱荒漠区生草对苹果园土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响,为干旱荒漠区苹果园自然生草技术推广提供科学参考。【方法】以富士苹果为材料,设置自然生草为处理1,以清耕为对照连续5年自然生草为处理2,运用主成分分析法对2个处理各层土壤环境进行综合评价。【结果】生草对果园浅层土壤理化性质的影响较大,而对深层土壤影响较小,与清耕相比自然生草处理0~20 cm土层土壤的pH值降低了0.11,电导率降低了0.11 mS/cm,水溶性盐含量降低了0.36 g/kg,土壤含水量增加了0.63个百分点,土壤容重降低了0.06 g/cm³,总孔隙度增加了2.41个百分点;有机质、速效氮、全氮含量分别增加了0.17 g/kg、0.39 mg/kg、0.02 g/kg。自然生草处理土壤环境优于清耕处理,自然生草处理土壤更疏松,养分含量更高,盐碱化程度更低。自然生草处理苹果的单果重、可溶性固形物含量分别比清耕增加了22.49 g、0.71个百分点。【结论】一定年限自然生草可改善果园土壤理化性质,提高苹果的鲜食品质。

关键词: 自然生草, 干旱荒漠区, 苹果, 土壤理化性质, 果实品质

CLC Number:

S661.1

CHEN Jun, ZHANG Qi, YANG Mengyu, YUAN Zhenyang. Effects of grass growing on soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality of apple orchard in arid desert area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(4): 936-943.

陈俊, 张琦, 杨梦宇, 袁振杨. 生草对苹果园土壤理化性质及果实品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 936-943.

Figures/Tables 6

References 25

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treat- ments	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	速效氮 Available N(mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P(mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K(mg/kg)	全氮 Total N(g/kg)	全磷 Total P(g/kg)	全钾 Total K(g/kg)
0~20	清耕	2.87±0.02^b	24.89±0.07^b	7.10±0.10^a	259.09±2.47^a	0.14±0.01^b	0.13±0.01^a	1.47±0.03^a
0~20	自然生草	3.04±0.04^a	25.28±0.06^a	7.16±0.05^a	262.01±3.96^a	0.16±0.01^a	0.14±0.02^a	1.50±0.02^a
20~40	清耕	2.84±0.04^a	24.83±0.08^a	6.94±0.09^a	248.28±2.09^a	0.13±0.01^b	0.13±0.01^a	1.40±0.04^a
20~40	自然生草	2.99±0.01^b	24.97±0.15^a	7.11±0.08^a	251.43±2.97^a	0.15±0.01^a	0.13±0.01^a	1.45±0.01^a
40~60	清耕	2.80±0.04^a	24.39±0.07^a	6.83±0.05^a	229.55±3.05^a	0.13±0.02^a	0.12±0.01^a	1.39±0.02^a
40~60	自然生草	2.82±0.06^a	24.48±0.15^a	6.99±0.07^a	232.42±2.31^a	0.13±0.01^a	0.12±0.02^a	1.43±0.03^a

土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treat- ments	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	速效氮 Available N(mg/kg)	速效磷 Available P(mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K(mg/kg)	全氮 Total N(g/kg)	全磷 Total P(g/kg)	全钾 Total K(g/kg)
0~20	清耕	2.87±0.02^b	24.89±0.07^b	7.10±0.10^a	259.09±2.47^a	0.14±0.01^b	0.13±0.01^a	1.47±0.03^a
0~20	自然生草	3.04±0.04^a	25.28±0.06^a	7.16±0.05^a	262.01±3.96^a	0.16±0.01^a	0.14±0.02^a	1.50±0.02^a
20~40	清耕	2.84±0.04^a	24.83±0.08^a	6.94±0.09^a	248.28±2.09^a	0.13±0.01^b	0.13±0.01^a	1.40±0.04^a
20~40	自然生草	2.99±0.01^b	24.97±0.15^a	7.11±0.08^a	251.43±2.97^a	0.15±0.01^a	0.13±0.01^a	1.45±0.01^a
40~60	清耕	2.80±0.04^a	24.39±0.07^a	6.83±0.05^a	229.55±3.05^a	0.13±0.02^a	0.12±0.01^a	1.39±0.02^a
40~60	自然生草	2.82±0.06^a	24.48±0.15^a	6.99±0.07^a	232.42±2.31^a	0.13±0.01^a	0.12±0.02^a	1.43±0.03^a

主成分 The principal components	特征值 The eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate(%)	累积方差贡献 Cumulative variance contribution (%)
1	8.953 9	68.88	68.88
2	3.243 3	24.95	93.83
3	0.421 4	3.24	97.07
4	0.251 5	1.93	99.00
5	0.130 0	1.00	100.00

主成分 The principal components	特征值 The eigenvalue	方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate(%)	累积方差贡献 Cumulative variance contribution (%)
1	8.953 9	68.88	68.88
2	3.243 3	24.95	93.83
3	0.421 4	3.24	97.07
4	0.251 5	1.93	99.00
5	0.130 0	1.00	100.00

指标Indicators	因子1 Factor 1	因子2 Factor 2
酸碱度pH值 pH value	0.008 9	0.552 4
电导率 Conductivity	0.209 2	0.419 1
水溶性盐 Water-soluble salt	0.215 8	0.401 9
含水量 Water content	-0.199 6	-0.430 6
容重 Soil bulk density	-0.320 6	0.088 7
总孔隙度 Total porosity	0.329 2	-0.041 0
有机质 Organic matter	0.322 4	-0.116 6
速效氮 Available N	0.322 0	-0.010 4
速效磷 Available P	0.313 1	-0.175 6
速效钾 Available K	0.318 5	0.091 7
全氮 Total N	0.277 6	-0.156 8
全磷 Total P	0.301 1	-0.119 5
全钾 Total K	0.289 4	-0.266 3