Abstract:

【Objective】 Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is an invasive weed that severely threatens ecological security and public health in Xinjiang.However, the specific impacts on livelihoods and residents' demands for control measures have not been systematically evaluated.This study aims to quantitatively assess the effects of ragweed on residents' lives through systematic surveys and explore sustainable management strategies tailored to Xinjiang's unique context. 【Methods】 A questionnaire survey was designed to evaluate respondents' cognition level, invasion status, prevention and control behavior and demand of ragweed.The questionnaire was distributed across multiple counties and cities in Xinjiang via a professional platform, yielding 240 valid responses.Combined with literature analysis and statistical methods, the study assessed ragweed's impact on livelihoods and control needs. 【Results】 Cognitive level: 98.75% of respondents were aware of ragweed, with 75% recognizing its high reproductive capacity.43.75% reported that they or their family members had experienced symptoms due to ragweed pollen.51.67% identified ecological imbalance as the primary harm of ragweed, and 43.75% correctly noted wind-mediated seed dispersal.Invasion status: Ragweed was detected in 65% of villages/communities, with 30% observing significant expansion over the past five years.Roadsides (35.42%) and farmlands were key challenging areas for control.36.67% reported crop yield reduction due to ragweed, and 21% faced health issues.Prevention practices and demands: 80% relied on chemical herbicides, with 41.67% considering chemical control the most effective.62.92% cited insufficient funding, and 54.17% noted that the control effect was not lasting.75.83% desired free weeding tools and subsidies, 86.67% advocated for a monitoring and early-warning system, and 80% called for ecological compensation. 【Conclusion】 Residents demonstrate high awareness of ragweed, yet its spread poses threats to agriculture and public health.Current control measures predominantly rely on chemical methods but face challenges such as funding shortages and technical limitations.Future efforts should strengthen communication and collaboration with residents, establishing a model of scientific and technological support and multi-governance, give priority to monitoring and early warning, ecological compensation and technical training, stimulate residents' enthusiasm for participation, and achieve long-term governance.

Key words: Ambrosia artemisiifolia; invasion status; effects of people's livelihood; prevention practices and demands

摘要：

【目的】 通过系统调查,量化评估豚草对居民生活的影响程度,探索符合新疆特色的豚草可持续发展路径。【方法】 采用问卷调查法,围绕受访者对豚草的认知水平、入侵现状、防治行为及需求设计问卷调查表,通过专业平台发放至全疆多个县市,共回收有效问卷240份。结合文献分析与统计学方法,评估豚草的影响及防控需求。【结果】 认知层面:98.75%的受访者知晓豚草,75%的人了解其强繁殖特性,受访者或其家人因豚草花粉出现病症的人占43.75%,51.67%的人认为豚草的主要危害是破坏生态平衡,43.75%的人明确其主要通过风力传播。入侵现状:65%的村/社区已发现豚草,30%的人认为其近5年分布显著扩大,路边(35.42%)和农田是防控难点,36.67%的人认为豚草导致农作物减产,21%的人面临健康问题。防治行为与需求:80%的受访者依赖化学除草剂,且41.67%的人认为化学防治最有效。62.92%的人反映资金不足,54.17%的人认为防治效果不持久;75.83%的人希望获得免费除草工具和资金补贴,86.67%的人呼吁建立监测预警系统,80%的人希望提供生态补偿。【结论】 居民对豚草认知水平较高,而豚草的扩散对农业生产构成威胁。当前防控措施以化学防治为主,但存在资金短缺、技术不足等问题。应加强与居民的沟通与合作,构建科技支撑+多元共治模式,优先落实监测预警、生态补偿和技术培训,激发居民参与积极性,实现长效治理。

关键词: 豚草, 入侵现状, 民生影响, 防治需求