Study on the Characteristics of Wind Propagation and Dispersal of Achnatherum inebrians seeds

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.06.025

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Study on the Characteristics of Wind Propagation and Dispersal of Achnatherum inebrians seeds.【Method】 Taking the poisonous grassland grass Achnatherum inebrians as the research material, the vertical settling time of seeds in still air and the horizontal moving distance under different wind speeds were measured, and the correlation between settling time and moving distance was analyzed; The seed dispersal distance under natural wind was measured and the seed dispersal distance model was established to explore the effect of wind on seed dispersal of Achnatherum inebrians.【Result】 The settling velocity of the awned seeds of Achnatherum inebrians was significantly lower than that of the no-awned seeds; The horizontal moving distance of seeds increased with the increase of wind speed, and the awned had no effect on the horizontal moving distance.Under the action of natural wind, the dispersal distance of high, middle and low plants was 0-220 cm, and the secondary dispersal distance of seeds was 0-18 cm.Among the three plants, the fitting effects of middle and high plants were the best.The model was: Y_middle = 0.002,88+0.006,5X-0.000,042,46X²+0.000,000,062,284X³.【Conclusion】 The awned and high winds speeds promote the wind dispersal of Achnatherum inebrians seeds.Achnatherum inebrians seeds belong to short-distance dispersal in wind dispersal.

Key words: Achnatherum inebrians; wind; awned; dispersal distance

摘要：

【目的】 研究醉马草种子风传扩散特性。【方法】 以草原毒害草醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)为材料,测定种子在静止空气中的垂直沉降时间,在不同风速下的水平移动距离,分析沉降时间与移动距离之间的相关性;测定自然风力条件下种子扩散距离并建立种子扩散距离模型,分析风力对醉马草种子扩散的影响。【结果】 醉马草有芒种子的沉降速度显著小于去芒种子;种子水平移动距离随风速的增加而增加,且芒对水平移动距离无影响。在自然风力作用下,高、中、低植株扩散距离为0~220 cm,种子二次扩散距离范围为0~18 cm。在3种株高中,中植株的拟合效果最好,其模型为:Y_中= 0.002 88+0.006 5 X-0.000 042 46 X²+0.000 000 062 284 X³。【结论】 附属物芒、高风速都促进醉马草种子风媒扩散。醉马草种子在风传扩散中属于短距离扩散。

关键词: 醉马草, 风, 芒, 扩散距离

CLC Number:

S812

WU Xueer, JIN Guili, GONG Ke, MA Jian, LIU Wenhao, WANFG Yujie, ZHU Keren, OUYANG Daolei. Study on the Characteristics of Wind Propagation and Dispersal of Achnatherum inebrians seeds[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(6): 1530-1536.

吴雪儿, 靳瑰丽, 宫珂, 马建, 刘文昊, 王钰杰, 朱科任, 欧阳道磊. 醉马草种子风传扩散特性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(6): 1530-1536.

Figures/Tables 6

References 29

[1]	刘晓风, 谭敦炎. 24种十字花科短命植物的扩散体特征与扩散对策[J]. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(6): 1019-1027. DOI
	LIU Xiaofeng, TAN Dunyan. Diaspore characteristics and dispersal strategies of 24 ephemeral species of Brassicaceae in the junggar desert of China[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(6), 1019-1027.
[2]	Cousens R, Dytham C, Law R. Dispersal in Plants[J]. Biological Sciences, 2008.
[3]	Eminniyaz A, Qiu Juan, Tan Dunyan, et al. Dispersal mechanisms of the invasive alien plant species buffalobur (Solanumrostratum) in cold desert sites of northwest China[J]. Weed Science, 2013, 61(4): 557-563. DOI URL
[4]	韩有志, 王政权. 天然次生林中水曲柳种子的扩散格局[J]. 植物生态学报, 2002, 26(1):51-57.
	HAN Youzhi, WANG Zhengquan. Spatial pattern of manchurian ash seed dispersal in secondary hardwood Forests[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2002, 26(1), 51-57.
[5]	张海亮. 加拿大一枝黄花入侵和扩散能力研究[D]. 杭州: 中国计量大学, 2015.
	ZHANG Hailiang. Study on the invasion and diffusion capacity of Solidago canadensis L.[D]. Hangzhou: China Jiliang University, 2015.
[6]	Tackenberg O, Poschlod P, Kahmen S. Dandelion seed dispersal: the horizontal wind speed does notmatter forlong-distance dispersal - it is updraft![J]. Plant Biology, 2003,(5): 452-454.
[7]	马君玲, 李顺和, 王连峰. 铁路沿线沙生植物种子风传扩散的数值风洞模拟[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(30): 81-89.
	MA Junling, LI Shunhe, WANG Lianfeng. Numerical wind tunnel simulation of Psammophyte seed wind dispersal along railway lines[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2008, 34(30), 81-89.
[8]	Abudureheman B, Chen Y, Li X, et al. Patterns of reproductive and seed dispersal and ecological significance of the clonal spring ephemeroid plant Carexphysodes in the gurbantuggut desert[J]. Planta Daninha, 2018: 36.
[9]	Ditommaso A, Stokes C A, Cordeau, et al. Seed-dispersal ability of the invasive perennial Vines vincetoxicum nigrum and vincetoxicum rossicum[J]. Invasive Plant Science & Management, 2018, 11(1): 10-19.
[10]	Horn H S, Nathan R, Kaplan S R. Long-distance dispersal of tree seeds by wind[J]. Ecological Research, 2001, 16(5): 877-885. DOI URL
[11]	张海亮, 朱敏, 李干金. 影响加拿大一枝黄花种子非随机脱落的因素[J]. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(3):258-263. DOI
	ZHANG Hailiang, ZHU Min, LIU Ganjin. Factors influencing the nonrandom abscission of Solidago canadensis seeds[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(3):258-263. DOI
[12]	吴建国, 徐天莹. 模拟未来气候变化对东北6种蒲公英种子风传播距离的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(3): 914-928.
	WU Jianguo, XU Tianying. The impacts of simulated climate change on seed dispersal distance by wind for six dandelion species in northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(3):914-928.
[13]	田旭平, 韩有志. 绒毛白蜡二态型果实的扩散特征[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(4):1293-1300.
	TIAN Xuping, HAN Youzhi. Study on dispersal traits of dimorphic fruits of Fraxinusvelutina[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(4):1293-1300.
[14]	Pounden E, Greene D F, Quesada M, et al. The effect of collisions with vegetation elements on the dispersal of winged and plumed seeds[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2008, 96: 591-598. DOI URL
[15]	郑景明, 桑卫国, 马克平. 种子的长距离风传播模型研究进展[J]. 植物生态学报, 2004, 28(3):414-425. DOI
	ZHENG Jingming, SANG Weiguo, MA Keping. Advances in model construction of anemochoric seed long-distance dispersal[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2004, 28(3): 414-425.
[16]	Gravuer, Kelly, von, et al. Dispersal biology of liatrisscariosa var.novae-angliae (Asteraceae), a rare new England grassland perennial[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2003, 90(8).
[17]	孙华之, 谭敦炎, 曲荣明. 短命植物小疮菊异形瘦果特性及其对荒漠环境的适应[J]. 生物多样性, 2008,(4):353-361. DOI
	SUN Huazhi, TAN Dunyan, QU Rongming. Characteristics of heteromorphic achenes of Garhadioluspapposus, an ephemeral Asteraceae species, with reference to their adaptations to desert environment[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2008,(4):353-361. DOI
[18]	Cremer K W. Distance of seed dispersal in eucalyptus estimated from seed weights[J]. Australian Journal of Forest Research, 1977, (7): 225-228.
[19]	Dauer JT, Mortensen DA, Humston R. Controlled experiments to predict horseweed(Conyza canadensis)dispersal distances[J]. Weed Science, 2006, 54: 484-489. DOI URL
[20]	许留兴, 张锦华, 叶红环, 等. 紫茎泽兰种子沉降特征研究[J]. 草地学报, 2016, 24(3):693-698.
	XU Liuxing, ZHANG Jinhua, YE Honghuan, et al. A study on seed settling characteristics of Eupatorium adenophorum spreng[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016, 24(3): 693-698.
[21]	花奕蕾. 风传种子扩散能力和传播策略[D]. 南京: 南京大学, 2017.
	HUA Yilei. Dispersal ability and strategy of wind dispersal seeds[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University, 2017.
[22]	张荣. 沙冬青果实形态特征与扩散特征的生态学特性研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2019.
	ZHANG Rong. Study on the ecological characteristics of fruit morphology and spread Characteristics of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2019.
[23]	Schulz B, Joachim D, Gerhard G. Apparatus for measuring the fall velocity of anemochorous diaspores with results from two plant communities[J]. Oecologia, 1991, 86: 454-456. DOI URL
[24]	郭强, 朱敏, 徐勒, 等. 五种杂草种子沉降速度[J]. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27(4): 519-523.
	GUO Qiang, ZHU Min, XU Le, et al. Seed settlement velocity of five weed species[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2008, 27(4), 519-523.
[25]	Nathan R, Schurr F M, Spiegel O, et al. Mechanisms of long-distance seed dispersal[J]. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2008, 23: 638-647. DOI URL
[26]	伏建国, 郝建华, 王垚, 等. 进境粮谷中携带苋属检疫性杂草籽风传播扩散距离的预测[J]. 植物检疫, 2017, 31(3):17-20.
	FU Jianguo, HAO Jianhua, WANG Yao, et al. Prediction of wind dispersal distance of quarantine Amaranth seeds in imported grain[J]. Plant Quarantine, 2017, 31(3), 17-20.
[27]	诸葛晓龙, 朱敏, 季璐, 等. 入侵杂草小飞蓬和钻形紫菀种子风传扩散生物学特性研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(10):1978-1984.
	ZHUGE Xiaolong, ZHU Min, JI Lu, et al. The influence of plant traits on seed wind dispersal of two invasive weeds, Conyza canadensis and Aster subulatus[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011, 30(10), 1978-1984.
[28]	Greene D F, Johnson E A. Long-distance wind dispersal of tree seeds[J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1995, 73(7): 1036-1045. DOI URL
[29]	Cain M L, Milligan B G, Strand A E. Long-distance seed dispersal in plant populations[J]. American Journal of Botany, 2000, 87(9): 1217-1227. PMID

释放高度 Release height (cm)	下降时间Falling time (s)		沉降速度Settlement velocity (cm/s)
释放高度 Release height (cm)	有芒Awned	去芒No-awned	有芒Awned	去芒No-awned
60	0.59±0.05^Ac	0.51±0.05^Bc	101.52±9.57^Bc	161.85±13.23^Ab
90	0.64±0.05^Ab	0.59±0.05^Bb	139.64±10.61^Bb	152.16±14.13^Aa
120	0.78±0.07^Aa	0.75±0.05^Ba	152.96±13.92^Ba	159.89±11.19^Aa

释放高度 Release height (cm)	下降时间Falling time (s)		沉降速度Settlement velocity (cm/s)
释放高度 Release height (cm)	有芒Awned	去芒No-awned	有芒Awned	去芒No-awned
60	0.59±0.05^Ac	0.51±0.05^Bc	101.52±9.57^Bc	161.85±13.23^Ab
90	0.64±0.05^Ab	0.59±0.05^Bb	139.64±10.61^Bb	152.16±14.13^Aa
120	0.78±0.07^Aa	0.75±0.05^Ba	152.96±13.92^Ba	159.89±11.19^Aa

风速 Wind speed (m/s)	水平移动距离Horizontal movement distance (cm)
风速 Wind speed (m/s)	有芒Awned	去芒No-awned
2	0±0.00^Ab	0±0.00^Ab
3	0.84±0.14^Ab	0.94±0.14^Ab
4	3.42±1.38^Ab	2.29±1.05^Ab
5	16.38±3.41^Aa	17.44±6.02^Aa

风速 Wind speed (m/s)	水平移动距离Horizontal movement distance (cm)
风速 Wind speed (m/s)	有芒Awned	去芒No-awned
2	0±0.00^Ab	0±0.00^Ab
3	0.84±0.14^Ab	0.94±0.14^Ab
4	3.42±1.38^Ab	2.29±1.05^Ab
5	16.38±3.41^Aa	17.44±6.02^Aa

高度 Height (cm)	有芒Awned			去芒No-awned
高度 Height (cm)	3 m/s	4 m/s	5 m/s	3 m/s	4 m/s	5 m/s
60	1.37	1.83	2.28	1.26	1.68	2.10
90	2.06	2.74	3.43	1.89	2.52	3.15
120	2.74	3.65	4.57	2.52	3.36	4.20