Quantitative characteristics and diversity of sagebrush desert plant communities on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.026

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the quantitative characteristics and diversity variation of Sagebrushdesert plant communities on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains and explore the differences in the quantitative characteristics and diversity of plant communities in different regions in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for scientific management of this type of desert grassland.【Methods】 The field survey and sampling method were used to investigate and analyze the plant community characteristics of sagebrush desert in the western, middle and eastern sections of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains.【Results】 (1) From the western to eastern section of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains, the biomass of sub-shrubs increased gradually, and the eastern section was significantly higher than that in the western section by 266.51% (P<0.05).The biomass decreased gradually from west to east (P<0.05); the quantitative characteristics of annual herbs and ephemeral and ephemeral-like plants all showed the maximum value in the middle section.(2) The height, coverage, density and biomass of plant community increased first and then decreased from west to east, and reached the maximum value in the middle section.Patrick's richness index, Simpson's dominance index, and Shannon-Wiener species diversity indexes all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing from west to east in space, while Pielou's evenness index showed a gradually decreasing trend from west to east.(3) The correlations between the quantitative characteristics and diversity of plant communities in grasslands in different regions of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains were different.Overall, the coverage, density and biomass of sagebrush desert grasslands were positively correlated with plant diversity, while plant height negatively correlated with plant diversity.(4) The main influencing factors of the spatial variation of sagebrush desert plant community were altitude, soil organic carbon and annual average temperature.【Conclusion】 The quantitative characteristics and diversity of sagebrush desert plant community on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains show a trend of first increase and then decrease from west to east, and altitude, soil organic carbon and annual average temperature are the most important environmental factors affecting the composition and diversity of plant community.

Key words: sage brush desert; vegetation characteristics; plant diversity

摘要：

【目的】研究天山北坡蒿类荒漠植物群落数量特征及多样性变化规律,分析不同地区植物群落数量特征及多样性的差异,为该类荒漠草地的科学经营管理提供理论依据。【方法】采用野外调查取样方法,调查分析天山北坡西段、中段和东段蒿类荒漠草地植物群落特征。【结果】(1)从天山北坡西段到东段,半灌木生物量呈逐渐增加趋势,且东段比西段显著高了266.51%(P<0.05);而多年生草本盖度、密度和生物量从西到东呈逐渐降低的趋势(P<0.05);一年生草本和短生、类短生植物在数量特征上均在中段呈现最大值。(2)植物群落高度、盖度、密度和生物量由西向东均呈先增后降的趋势,在中段达到最大值。Patrick丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数在空间上均表现为由西向东呈先增后降的变化趋势,而Pielou均匀度指数由西向东呈逐渐降低趋势。(3)天山北坡不同区域草地之间植物群落数量特征与多样性的相关性各有差异,蒿类荒漠草地群落盖度、密度和生物量对植物多样性呈正相关,而植物高度对植物多样性呈负相关。(4)引起蒿类荒漠植物群落空间变异的主要影响因素是海拔、土壤有机碳、年均温度。【结论】天山北坡蒿类荒漠植物群落数量特征及其多样性在空间上由西向东呈现出先增后降的趋势,且海拔、土壤有机碳和年均温度是影响植物群落组成和多样性的最主要环境因子。

关键词: 蒿类荒漠, 植被特征, 植物多样性

CLC Number:

S812

ZHOU Shijie, DONG Yiqiang, Asitaiken Julihaiti, NIE Tingting, JIANG Anjing, AN Shazhou. Quantitative characteristics and diversity of sagebrush desert plant communities on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2298-2305.

周时杰, 董乙强, 阿斯太肯·居力海提, 聂婷婷, 姜安静, 安沙舟. 天山北坡蒿类荒漠植物群落数量特征及其多样性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2298-2305.

Figures/Tables 6

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区域 Regions	地理位置 Geographical position	海拔 Elevation (m)	年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	年均温 Mean annual temperature (℃)	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g/kg)	土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g/kg)	土壤全磷 Soil total phosphor (g/kg)	电导率 Electrical conductivity (ms/cm)
西段West section
新源Xinyuan	N43°22',E82°36'	887	204	7.13	21.84	0.76	0.07	160.17
巩留Gongliu	N43°33',E81°53'	1 257	300	6.62	12.69	0.49	0.17	142.85
博乐Bole	N44°50',E81°39'	1 120	210	6.53	12.54	0.30	0.20	134.48
中段Middle section
玛纳斯Manasi	N44°01',E86°09'	1 033	172	8.18	10.80	1.46	0.58	191.58
呼图壁Hutubi	N43°58',E86°32'	978	224	6.79	13.54	1.42	0.58	140.25
乌鲁木齐Urumqi	N43°59',E87°91'	933	281	5.86	21.26	0.45	0.19	141.90
东段East section
奇台Qitai	N43°47',E89°24'	1 227	160	7.17	22.16	0.48	0.19	144.4
木垒Mulei	N43°44',E90°48'	1 452	57	9.33	17.48	0.24	0.24	136.88
巴里坤Balikun	N43°43',E93°15'	1 749	174	3.47	18.21	0.46	0.22	152.47

区域 Regions	地理位置 Geographical position	海拔 Elevation (m)	年均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	年均温 Mean annual temperature (℃)	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g/kg)	土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g/kg)	土壤全磷 Soil total phosphor (g/kg)	电导率 Electrical conductivity (ms/cm)
西段West section
新源Xinyuan	N43°22',E82°36'	887	204	7.13	21.84	0.76	0.07	160.17
巩留Gongliu	N43°33',E81°53'	1 257	300	6.62	12.69	0.49	0.17	142.85
博乐Bole	N44°50',E81°39'	1 120	210	6.53	12.54	0.30	0.20	134.48
中段Middle section
玛纳斯Manasi	N44°01',E86°09'	1 033	172	8.18	10.80	1.46	0.58	191.58
呼图壁Hutubi	N43°58',E86°32'	978	224	6.79	13.54	1.42	0.58	140.25
乌鲁木齐Urumqi	N43°59',E87°91'	933	281	5.86	21.26	0.45	0.19	141.90
东段East section
奇台Qitai	N43°47',E89°24'	1 227	160	7.17	22.16	0.48	0.19	144.4
木垒Mulei	N43°44',E90°48'	1 452	57	9.33	17.48	0.24	0.24	136.88
巴里坤Balikun	N43°43',E93°15'	1 749	174	3.47	18.21	0.46	0.22	152.47

植物生态经济类群 Plant eco-economic groups	区域 Region	高度 Height (cm)	盖度 Coverage (%)	密度 Density (plants/m²)	生物量 Biomass (g/m²)	重要值 Importance value
半灌木 Subshrub	西段	5.45±0.54^b	21.29±1.76^b	27.42±2.03^a	34.16±4.97^b	0.61±0.03^b
	中段	15.23±0.82^a	29.56±1.51^a	27.56±1.68^a	111.72±8.86^a	0.57±0.03^b
	东段	5.54±0.37^b	31.92±1.40^a	28.42±1.77^a	125.20±6.29^a	0.77±0.03^a
多年生草本 Perennial herb	西段	2.61±0.34^b	4.01±0.84^a	13.40±5.24^a	11.49±4.00^a	0.18±0.03^a
	中段	5.42±1.21^a	1.9±0.33^b	11.04±2.86^a	5.18±1.38^ab	0.13±0.02^b
	东段	2.00±0.41^b	1.04±0.33^b	4.62±1.36^a	3.10±0.63^b	0.07±0.01^b
一年生草本 Annual herb	西段	1.95±0.33^b	5.61±1.52^a	28.22±8.42^b	5.72±1.54^b	0.20±0.04^a
	中段	3.72±0.28^a	9.05±1.43^a	121.22±32.88^a	21.07±3.70^a	0.25±0.03^a
	东段	0.94±0.21^c	1.31±0.26^b	17.67±5.02^b	7.82±1.69^b	0.16±0.02^b
短生、类短生草本 Shortborn、short growing herbaceous species	西段	0.92±0.49^ab	0.09±0.04^a	0.22±0.13^b	0.1±0.05^a	0.01±0.01^b
	中段	2.06±0.45^a	2.03±1.18^a	10.45±3.46^a	3.76±2.84^a	0.05±0.01^a
	东段	0.08±0.08^b	0.04±0.04^a	0.11±0.11^b	0.13±0.13^a	0.00±0.00^b

植物生态经济类群 Plant eco-economic groups	区域 Region	高度 Height (cm)	盖度 Coverage (%)	密度 Density (plants/m²)	生物量 Biomass (g/m²)	重要值 Importance value
半灌木 Subshrub	西段	5.45±0.54^b	21.29±1.76^b	27.42±2.03^a	34.16±4.97^b	0.61±0.03^b
	中段	15.23±0.82^a	29.56±1.51^a	27.56±1.68^a	111.72±8.86^a	0.57±0.03^b
	东段	5.54±0.37^b	31.92±1.40^a	28.42±1.77^a	125.20±6.29^a	0.77±0.03^a
多年生草本 Perennial herb	西段	2.61±0.34^b	4.01±0.84^a	13.40±5.24^a	11.49±4.00^a	0.18±0.03^a
	中段	5.42±1.21^a	1.9±0.33^b	11.04±2.86^a	5.18±1.38^ab	0.13±0.02^b
	东段	2.00±0.41^b	1.04±0.33^b	4.62±1.36^a	3.10±0.63^b	0.07±0.01^b
一年生草本 Annual herb	西段	1.95±0.33^b	5.61±1.52^a	28.22±8.42^b	5.72±1.54^b	0.20±0.04^a
	中段	3.72±0.28^a	9.05±1.43^a	121.22±32.88^a	21.07±3.70^a	0.25±0.03^a
	东段	0.94±0.21^c	1.31±0.26^b	17.67±5.02^b	7.82±1.69^b	0.16±0.02^b
短生、类短生草本 Shortborn、short growing herbaceous species	西段	0.92±0.49^ab	0.09±0.04^a	0.22±0.13^b	0.1±0.05^a	0.01±0.01^b
	中段	2.06±0.45^a	2.03±1.18^a	10.45±3.46^a	3.76±2.84^a	0.05±0.01^a
	东段	0.08±0.08^b	0.04±0.04^a	0.11±0.11^b	0.13±0.13^a	0.00±0.00^b

区域 Region		高度 Height (cm)	盖度 Coverage (%)	密度 Density (plants/m²)	生物量 Biomass (g/m²)
西段 West	P	-0.28	0.517^**	0.032	-0.186
	D	-0.306^*	0.358^*	0.259	-0.123
	H	-0.314^*	0.455^**	0.161	-0.171
	E	-0.109	-0.096	0.258	0.034
中段 Middle	P	-0.460^**	0.128	-0.084	0.048
	D	0.22	0.179	0.065	0.067
	H	-0.465^**	0.119	0.043	0.025
	E	-0.573^**	-0.069	0.161	-0.036
东段 East	P	-0.680^**	0.153	0.509^**	0.303^*
	D	0.087	-0.13	0.23	0.02
	H	-0.657^**	0.178	0.543^**	0.25
	E	-0.740^**	0.339^*	0.353^*	0.152