Effects of Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Treatments on Yield, Agronomic Traits and Economic Benefit of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.005

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (3): 555-566.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.005

• Crop Genetics and Breeding·Cultivation Physiology·Germplasm Resources • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Treatments on Yield, Agronomic Traits and Economic Benefit of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

HAO Xiyu¹^,²(), YANG Tao³, ZHANG Junjie⁴, LI Xue¹, ZHANG Zhongjuan¹, WU Chenqing¹, ZONG Xuxiao³, LENG Youbin¹, CHEN Bo¹(), GUO Laichun²()

1. Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
2. Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng Jilin 137000, China
3. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
4. College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Received:2022-07-11 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-04-18
Correspondence author: CHEN Bo(1982-), male, native place: Dalian, Liaoning. Senior engineer, research field: major in biochemical technology and other fields, (E-mail) chenbo2@feihe.com;
GUO Laichun(1973-), male, native place: Baicheng, Jilin. Researcher, research field: major in crop breeding and cultivation, (E-mail) guolaichun@126.com
Supported by:
China Agriculture Research System(CARS-08);Science and Technology R & D Project of Baicheng City "Integration of New Varieties of Characteristic Coarse Grains and Beans and Supporting Cultivation Technology"(202104)

不同氮磷钾处理对鹰嘴豆产量、农艺性状及经济效益的影响

郝曦煜¹^,²(), 杨涛³, 张俊杰⁴, 李雪¹, 张仲鹃¹, 武晨清¹, 宗绪晓³, 冷友斌¹, 陈博¹(), 郭来春²()

1.黑龙江飞鹤乳业有限公司,北京 100015
2.吉林省白城市农业科学院,吉林白城 137000
3.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081
4.郑州轻工业大学食品与生物工程学院,郑州 450002

通讯作者: 陈博(1982-),男,辽宁大连人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为生物化工技术及应用,(E-mail)chenbo2@feihe.com;
郭来春(1973-),男,吉林白城人,研究员,硕士,研究方向为作物育种与栽培,(E-mail)guolaichun@126.com
作者简介:郝曦煜(1990-),男,辽宁铁岭人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为作物育种与栽培,(E-mail)haoxiyu1990@foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-08);白城市科技发展计划项目“特色杂粮杂豆新品种培育与配套栽培技术集成”(202104)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Chickpea is suitable to be planted in arid and semi-arid areas with poor soil in China.The variation regularities of chickpea applied with different fertilizations is in urgent need of research.It is important for integrating high-yield cultivation technique of chickpea to explore effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatments on yield on yield, agronomic traits and economic benefit of chickpea, establish the fertilizer response model, and find out the optimal fertilizer rate.【Methods】 Baiying 1 was used in a field experiment designed “3414” incomplete orthogonal regression during 2019 and 2020.The conventional fertilizer rates were N: 58 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 69 kg/hm², K₂O: 60 kg/hm², and four levels of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O in the treatments included 0 (no fertilization), 1(half conventional), 2(conventional) and 3(1.5 folds of conventional).The growth period, plant height, branches, pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, dry matter, root length and yield of chickpea were measured to study the variation of yield and agronomic traits of chickpea at different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatments, and empirical models were established for analyzing the single factor and interaction effects to achieve the optimum rate of fertilizer application.【Results】 The effects of growth period, branches and seeds per pod showed less variation at different fertilization treatments, and the yield was affected by pods per plant and 100-seed weight.The highest value of plant height, pods per plant and 100-seed weight was at N₂P₂K₃, where the root length was longer.The yield of the nitrogen and the potassium deficiency treatments were significantly lower than that of the phosphorus deficiency treatment, and the effects on the yield was N>K₂O>P₂O₅.The single factor and interaction effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were obvious to the yield and agronomic traits, and the economic benefit was consistent with the yield of chickpea.The corresponding regression equation was acquired by fitting analysis of the yield and agronomic traits at different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treatments.The fertilizer rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at maximum value of each indexes were as below: yield(Y₁): 3,801 kg/hm², N: 75.8 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 82.5 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm²; plant height(Y₂): 84 cm, N: 74.1 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 80.1 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm²; pods per plant(Y₃): 164.9 pods, N: 72.7 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 83.7 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm²; 100-seed weight(Y₄): 38.7 g, shoot dry matter(Y₅): 147.6 g, root dry matter(Y₆): 6.3 g, root length(Y₇): 19.1 cm, N: 87 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 103.5 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm².【Conclusion】 The effects of growth period, branches and seeds per pod showed less variation at different fertilization treatments.Under the condition of this experiment, the yield, pods per plant, 100-seed weight, shoot dry matter, root dry matter and root length of chickpea were increased first and then decreased.In the range of this experiment, the shoot dry matter, root dry matter and root length were continuously promoted by the interaction effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.The highest yield was 3801 kg/hm² with the optimal fertilizer rates N: 75.8 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 82.5 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm².The best economic benefits was 36,853.6 yuan/hm² with the fertilizer rates N: 74.6 kg/hm², P₂O₅: 81.2 kg/hm², K₂O: 90 kg/hm².

Key words: Chickpea; yield; agronomic traits; economic benefit; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

摘要：

【目的】研究不同氮、磷、钾处理对鹰嘴豆产量、农艺性状及经济效益的影响,建立肥效模型,提供能够有效增产的氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量,为集成鹰嘴豆高产栽培提供参考。【方法】2019~2020年以白鹰1号为材料,采用“3414”不完全正交回归设计进行田间试验。试验地常用施肥量为N: 58 kg/hm²、P₂O₅: 69 kg/hm²、K₂O: 60 kg/hm²。设氮、磷、钾4个施肥水平为0(不施肥)、1(常用施肥量×0.5)、2(常用施肥量)、3(常用施肥量×1.5)。调查鹰嘴豆生育日数、株高、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、单荚粒数、百粒重、干重、根长和产量等指标,研究不同氮、磷、钾处理鹰嘴豆产量和农艺性状的变化,拟合并优化氮、磷、钾施肥效应进行方程,分析氮、磷、钾肥对鹰嘴豆产量和农艺性状单因素和互作效应,分别得到最高产量和最佳经济效益下的氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量。【结果】鹰嘴豆生育日数、主茎分枝数和单荚粒数受肥料施用量变化影响较小,单株荚数和百粒重共同决定了产量。N₂P₂K₃处理下的株高、单株荚数、百粒重均为最高,根长较长。缺氮处理和缺钾处理的产量显著低于缺磷处理,对产量的影响为N>K₂O>P₂O₅。氮、磷、钾3种肥料对鹰嘴豆产量和农艺性状均产生明显的单因素和互作效应,鹰嘴豆的经济效益与产量变化一致。各指标达到最大值时氮、磷、钾的施用量:产量Y₁: 3 801 kg/hm²,N: 75.8 kg/hm²、P₂O₅: 82.5 kg/hm²、K₂O: 90 kg/hm²;株高Y₂: 84 cm,N: 74.1 kg/hm²、P₂O₅: 80.1 kg/hm²、K₂O: 90 kg/hm²;单株荚数Y₃: 164.9荚,N: 72.7 kg/hm²、P₂O₅: 83.7 kg/hm²、K₂O: 90 kg/hm²;百粒重Y₄: 38.7 g、地上干重Y₅: 147.6 g、地下干重Y₆: 6.3 g、根长Y₇: 19.1 cm,N: 87 kg/hm²、P₂O₅: 103.5 kg/hm²、K₂O: 90 kg/hm²。【结论】鹰嘴豆的生育日数、主茎分枝数和单荚粒数受肥料施用量影响较小。随氮、磷、钾施肥量的增加鹰嘴豆产量、单株荚数、百粒重、地上干重、地下干重和根长均表现出先增长后下降。鹰嘴豆地上干重、地下干重和根长持续受到氮、磷、钾3种肥料互作促进效应。当N: 75.8 kg/hm²、P₂O₅: 82.5 kg/hm²、K₂O:90 kg/hm²时,产量达到最大(3 801 kg/hm²);当N: 74.6 kg/hm²、P₂O₅: 81.2 kg/hm²、K₂O:90 kg/hm²时,经济效益最佳(36 853.6 元/hm²)。

关键词: 鹰嘴豆, 产量, 农艺性状, 经济效益, 氮磷钾

CLC Number:

S565.9

HAO Xiyu, YANG Tao, ZHANG Junjie, LI Xue, ZHANG Zhongjuan, WU Chenqing, ZONG Xuxiao, LENG Youbin, CHEN Bo, GUO Laichun. Effects of Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Treatments on Yield, Agronomic Traits and Economic Benefit of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 555-566.

郝曦煜, 杨涛, 张俊杰, 李雪, 张仲鹃, 武晨清, 宗绪晓, 冷友斌, 陈博, 郭来春. 不同氮磷钾处理对鹰嘴豆产量、农艺性状及经济效益的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 555-566.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig.1 Effective accumulated temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration during chickpea growth period in 2019-2020

Tab.1 The effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield and agronomic traits of chickpea

编号 No.	处理 Treatment	码值Code			施肥量 Fertilizer rates (kg/hm²)			生育日数 Growth period (d)	株高 Plant height (cm)	主茎分枝数 Branches (branch)	单株荚数 Pods per plant (pod)	单荚粒数 Seeds per pod (seed)	百粒重 100-seed weight (g)	地上干重 Shoot dry matter (g)	地下干重 Root dry matter (g)	根长 Root length (cm)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
编号 No.	处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	生育日数 Growth period (d)	株高 Plant height (cm)	主茎分枝数 Branches (branch)	单株荚数 Pods per plant (pod)	单荚粒数 Seeds per pod (seed)	百粒重 100-seed weight (g)	地上干重 Shoot dry matter (g)	地下干重 Root dry matter (g)	根长 Root length (cm)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
1	N₀P₀K₀	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	86.0^a	68.3^e	2.9^a	82.7^d	1.0^a	33.2^e	69.9^j	3.3^j	14.7^f	1 908.3^j
2	N₀P₂K₂	0	2	2	0.0	69.0	60.0	87.0^a	68.5^e	2.7^a	90.6^cd	1.0^a	33.5^de	76.6^ij	3.6^hij	15.1^ef	2 090.0^ij
3	N₁P₂K₂	1	2	2	29.0	69.0	60.0	88.0a	75.7^abcde	2.7^a	133.8^abcd	1.0^a	35.9^abcde	109.9^ef	4.8^cd	16.9^abcd	3 086.7^def
4	N₂P₀K₂	2	0	2	58.0	0.0	60.0	88.5^a	73.4^cde	3.0^a	100.6^bcd	1.1^a	34.5^abcde	85.1ⁱ	3.8^ghi	15.5^def	2 723.3^gh
5	N₂P₁K₂	2	1	2	58.0	34.5	60.0	89.0^a	80.4^abc	2.7^a	147.2^ab	1.0^a	36.9^abc	113.1^def	5.0^bcd	17.2^abc	3 395.0^abc
6	N₂P₂K₂	2	2	2	58.0	69.0	60.0	87.3^a	81.2^ab	3.0^a	151.3^ab	1.1^a	37.2^ab	120.2^bcd	5.1^bc	17.3^ab	3 490.0^ab
7	N₂P₃K₂	2	3	2	58.0	103.5	60.0	88.5^a	76.2^abcd	3.0^a	138.1^abc	1.1^a	36.4^abcd	127.9^ab	5.5^a	17.8^a	3 185^cde
8	N₂P₂K₀	2	2	0	58.0	69.0	0.0	86.5^a	69.2^de	2.9^a	118.0^abcd	1.0^a	33.8^cde	97.2^h	3.5^ij	14.8^f	2 321.7ⁱ
9	N₂P₂K₁	2	2	1	58.0	69.0	30.0	87.5^a	74.3^bcde	3.5^a	126.7^abcd	1.1^a	35.2^abcde	116.7^cde	4.7^de	16.7^abcd	2 923.3^efgh
10	N₂P₂K₃	2	2	3	58.0	69.0	90.0	89.0^a	82.4^a	3.0^a	158.7^a	1.4^a	37.6^a	124.4^bc	5.3^ab	17.7^a	3 660.0^a
11	N₃P₂K₂	3	2	2	87.0	69.0	60.0	87.5^a	76.5^abcd	2.9^a	142.2^abc	1.2^a	36.7^abc	134.1^a	5.2^abc	17.5^a	3 280.0^bcd
12	N₁P₁K₂	1	1	2	29.0	34.5	60.0	89.0^a	74.4^bcde	2.7^a	130.0^abcd	1.1^a	35.5^abcde	99.8^gh	4.2^fg	15.9^bcdef	2 998.3^efg
13	N₁P₂K₁	1	2	1	29.0	69.0	30.0	86.3^a	71.2^de	3.0^a	115.0^abcd	1.3^a	34.2^bcde	105.5^fgh	4.4^ef	16.4^abcde	2 653.3^h
14	N₂P₁K₁	2	1	1	58.0	34.5	30.0	89.0^a	73.5^cde	2.5^a	124.8^abcd	1.1^a	34.8^abcde	107.1^efg	4.0^gh	15.7^cdef	2 880.0^fgh

Tab.1 The effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield and agronomic traits of chickpea

编号 No.	处理 Treatment	码值Code			施肥量 Fertilizer rates (kg/hm²)			生育日数 Growth period (d)	株高 Plant height (cm)	主茎分枝数 Branches (branch)	单株荚数 Pods per plant (pod)	单荚粒数 Seeds per pod (seed)	百粒重 100-seed weight (g)	地上干重 Shoot dry matter (g)	地下干重 Root dry matter (g)	根长 Root length (cm)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
编号 No.	处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	生育日数 Growth period (d)	株高 Plant height (cm)	主茎分枝数 Branches (branch)	单株荚数 Pods per plant (pod)	单荚粒数 Seeds per pod (seed)	百粒重 100-seed weight (g)	地上干重 Shoot dry matter (g)	地下干重 Root dry matter (g)	根长 Root length (cm)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
1	N₀P₀K₀	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	86.0^a	68.3^e	2.9^a	82.7^d	1.0^a	33.2^e	69.9^j	3.3^j	14.7^f	1 908.3^j
2	N₀P₂K₂	0	2	2	0.0	69.0	60.0	87.0^a	68.5^e	2.7^a	90.6^cd	1.0^a	33.5^de	76.6^ij	3.6^hij	15.1^ef	2 090.0^ij
3	N₁P₂K₂	1	2	2	29.0	69.0	60.0	88.0a	75.7^abcde	2.7^a	133.8^abcd	1.0^a	35.9^abcde	109.9^ef	4.8^cd	16.9^abcd	3 086.7^def
4	N₂P₀K₂	2	0	2	58.0	0.0	60.0	88.5^a	73.4^cde	3.0^a	100.6^bcd	1.1^a	34.5^abcde	85.1ⁱ	3.8^ghi	15.5^def	2 723.3^gh
5	N₂P₁K₂	2	1	2	58.0	34.5	60.0	89.0^a	80.4^abc	2.7^a	147.2^ab	1.0^a	36.9^abc	113.1^def	5.0^bcd	17.2^abc	3 395.0^abc
6	N₂P₂K₂	2	2	2	58.0	69.0	60.0	87.3^a	81.2^ab	3.0^a	151.3^ab	1.1^a	37.2^ab	120.2^bcd	5.1^bc	17.3^ab	3 490.0^ab
7	N₂P₃K₂	2	3	2	58.0	103.5	60.0	88.5^a	76.2^abcd	3.0^a	138.1^abc	1.1^a	36.4^abcd	127.9^ab	5.5^a	17.8^a	3 185^cde
8	N₂P₂K₀	2	2	0	58.0	69.0	0.0	86.5^a	69.2^de	2.9^a	118.0^abcd	1.0^a	33.8^cde	97.2^h	3.5^ij	14.8^f	2 321.7ⁱ
9	N₂P₂K₁	2	2	1	58.0	69.0	30.0	87.5^a	74.3^bcde	3.5^a	126.7^abcd	1.1^a	35.2^abcde	116.7^cde	4.7^de	16.7^abcd	2 923.3^efgh
10	N₂P₂K₃	2	2	3	58.0	69.0	90.0	89.0^a	82.4^a	3.0^a	158.7^a	1.4^a	37.6^a	124.4^bc	5.3^ab	17.7^a	3 660.0^a
11	N₃P₂K₂	3	2	2	87.0	69.0	60.0	87.5^a	76.5^abcd	2.9^a	142.2^abc	1.2^a	36.7^abc	134.1^a	5.2^abc	17.5^a	3 280.0^bcd
12	N₁P₁K₂	1	1	2	29.0	34.5	60.0	89.0^a	74.4^bcde	2.7^a	130.0^abcd	1.1^a	35.5^abcde	99.8^gh	4.2^fg	15.9^bcdef	2 998.3^efg
13	N₁P₂K₁	1	2	1	29.0	69.0	30.0	86.3^a	71.2^de	3.0^a	115.0^abcd	1.3^a	34.2^bcde	105.5^fgh	4.4^ef	16.4^abcde	2 653.3^h
14	N₂P₁K₁	2	1	1	58.0	34.5	30.0	89.0^a	73.5^cde	2.5^a	124.8^abcd	1.1^a	34.8^abcde	107.1^efg	4.0^gh	15.7^cdef	2 880.0^fgh

Tab.2 regression equation

项目 Item	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数R² Determination coefficient	编号 No.
产量 Yield	Y₁=1 896.096 5+21.254 1X₁+5.940 2X₂+9.047 5X₃-0.323 7 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.169 1 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.113 1 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.160 7X₁X₂+0.161 7X₁X₃+0.108 9X₂X₃.	0.991 6^**	(1)
株高 Plant height	Y₂=67.971 3+0.191 9X₁+0.043 3X₂-0.017 1X₃-0.002 8 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.001 5 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.000 3 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.000 8X₁X₂+0.001 8X₁X₃+0.001 5X₂X₃.	0.932 9^*	(2)
单株荚数 Pods per plant	Y₃=82.190 1+0.921 3X₁+0.395 1X₂+0.233 9X₃-0.014 0 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.010 0 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.001 4 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.011 7X₁X₂+0.001 6X₁X₃+0.004 7X₂X₃.	0.972 0^**	(3)
百粒重 100-seed weight	Y₄=33.122 5+0.029 8X₁+0.002 3X₂+0.028 5X₃-0.000 7 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.000 4 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.000 2 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.000 7X₁X₂+0.000 3X₁X₃+0.000 3X₂X₃.	0.9581^*	(4)
地上干重 Shoot dry matter	Y₅=70.080 8+0.401 0X₁+0.429 4X₂+0.181 2X₃-0.006 7 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.005 3 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.005 9 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.005 5X₁X₂+0.007 3X₁X₃+0.003 2X₂X₃.	0.990 6^**	(5)
地下干重 Root dry matter	Y₆=3.271 0+0.002 1X₁+0.015 2X₂+0.008 5X₃-0.000 3 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.000 1 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.000 3 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.000 1X₁X₂+0.000 6X₁X₃.	0.972 3^**	(6)
根长 Root length	Y₇=14.607 3+0.002 4X₁+0.028 5X₂+0.010 1X₃-0.000 5 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.000 2 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.000 4 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.000 1X₁X₂+0.000 9X₁X₃+0.000 1X₂X₃.	0.975 3^**	(7)

Tab.2 regression equation

项目 Item	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数R² Determination coefficient	编号 No.
产量 Yield	Y₁=1 896.096 5+21.254 1X₁+5.940 2X₂+9.047 5X₃-0.323 7 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.169 1 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.113 1 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.160 7X₁X₂+0.161 7X₁X₃+0.108 9X₂X₃.	0.991 6^**	(1)
株高 Plant height	Y₂=67.971 3+0.191 9X₁+0.043 3X₂-0.017 1X₃-0.002 8 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.001 5 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.000 3 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.000 8X₁X₂+0.001 8X₁X₃+0.001 5X₂X₃.	0.932 9^*	(2)
单株荚数 Pods per plant	Y₃=82.190 1+0.921 3X₁+0.395 1X₂+0.233 9X₃-0.014 0 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.010 0 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.001 4 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.011 7X₁X₂+0.001 6X₁X₃+0.004 7X₂X₃.	0.972 0^**	(3)
百粒重 100-seed weight	Y₄=33.122 5+0.029 8X₁+0.002 3X₂+0.028 5X₃-0.000 7 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.000 4 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.000 2 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.000 7X₁X₂+0.000 3X₁X₃+0.000 3X₂X₃.	0.9581^*	(4)
地上干重 Shoot dry matter	Y₅=70.080 8+0.401 0X₁+0.429 4X₂+0.181 2X₃-0.006 7 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.005 3 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.005 9 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.005 5X₁X₂+0.007 3X₁X₃+0.003 2X₂X₃.	0.990 6^**	(5)
地下干重 Root dry matter	Y₆=3.271 0+0.002 1X₁+0.015 2X₂+0.008 5X₃-0.000 3 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.000 1 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.000 3 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.000 1X₁X₂+0.000 6X₁X₃.	0.972 3^**	(6)
根长 Root length	Y₇=14.607 3+0.002 4X₁+0.028 5X₂+0.010 1X₃-0.000 5 $X_{1}^{2}$ -0.000 2 $X_{2}^{2}$ -0.000 4 $X_{3}^{2}$ +0.000 1X₁X₂+0.000 9X₁X₃+0.000 1X₂X₃.	0.975 3^**	(7)

Tab.3 The maximum of yield and agronomic traits with the fertilizer rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

项目 Item	产量Y₁ Yield (kg/hm²)	株高Y₂ Plant height (cm)	单株荚数Y₃ Pods per plant	百粒重Y₄ 100-seed weight (g)	地上干重Y₅ Shoot dry matter (g)	地下干重Y₆ Root dry matter (g)	根长Y₇ Root length (cm)
最大值 Maximum	3 801.0	84.0	164.9	38.7	147.6	6.3	19.1
N(X₁)	75.8	74.1	72.7	87.0	87.0	87.0	87.0
P₂O₅(X₂)	82.5	80.1	83.7	103.5	103.5	103.5	103.5
K₂O(X₃)	90.0	90.0	90.0	90	90.0	90.0	90.0

Fig.2 Single factor effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield, agronomic traits and economic benefits of chickpea

Fig.3 Interaction analysis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield, agronomic traits and economic benefits of chickpea Note: The response surface showed the interaction effect of two fertilizers with the other one was at conventional rate (code 2)

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Effects of Different Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Treatments on Yield, Agronomic Traits and Economic Benefit of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

不同氮磷钾处理对鹰嘴豆产量、农艺性状及经济效益的影响

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