Response of Growth Development and Yield of Upland Rice and Paddy Rice to Irrigation Amount

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.013

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different irrigation amounts on the yield and growth characteristics of upland rice (Hanxiang 1) and paddy rice (Liangxiang 3) by using the mulching drip irrigation mode with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the appropriate irrigation amount for upland rice cultivation in Xinjiang.【Methods】 Upland rice and paddy rice were taken as the research objects and common rice as the control, five irrigation amounts, 375 mm(W₁), 525 mm(W₂), 675 mm(W₃), 900 mm(W₄) and 1125 mm(W₅) were set to study the effects of different irrigation amounts on the yield, growth and development of upland rice and paddy rice under drip irrigation and film mulching.【Results】 The results showed that under different irrigation treatments, the growth period delayed, plant height, leaf area index, dry matter weight, yield and WUE of upland rice and rice decreased with the decrease of irrigation amounts. Under 675 mm (W₃) treatment, upland rice yield and WUE were significantly increased, which were 4,506 kg/hm² and 0.67, respectively. Under 1,125 mm(W₅) treatment, the highest yield of rice was 7,485 kg/hm² and WUE was 0.67. There was no significant difference in upland rice yield when the irrigation amount was greater than 675 mm, and upland rice yield was 60.45% higher and water use efficiency was 61.19% higher when the irrigation amount was 675 mm (W₃) than that of rice. The average yield, water use efficiency and water saving amount of upland rice under each irrigation were 11.24%, 10% and 22.2% higher than those of paddy rice.【Conclusion】 Planting upland rice in arid region of Xinjiang is limited by water. In addition to saving water resources and improving yield, The optimal irrigation amount for upland rice planting in Xinjiang is 675 mm.

Key words: upland rice; paddy rice; growth and development; yield; irrigation water

摘要： 【目的】 研究不同灌水量对旱稻(旱香1号)和水稻(粮香3号)的产量及生育特性的影响,为新疆旱稻种植的适宜灌溉量提供理论依据。【方法】 采用覆膜滴灌栽培模式,以旱稻和水稻为研究对象,水稻为对照,设置5个灌水量,分别为 375 mm(W₁)、525 mm(W₂)、675 mm(W₃)、900 mm(W₄)、1 125 mm(W₅),研究滴灌覆膜下不同灌溉量对旱稻和水稻产量和生长发育的影响。【结果】 不同灌水处理下,旱稻和水稻随灌水量减少生育期延迟、株高、叶面积指数、干物质量、产量、WUE等呈下降趋势。675 mm(W₃)处理下旱稻产量及WUE显著提高,分别为4 506 kg/hm²、0.67;1 125 mm(W₅)处理下水稻产量最高为7 485 kg/hm²,WUE为0.67。当灌水量大于675 mm后增加灌溉量旱稻产量无显著差异,且旱稻在 675 mm(W₃)灌溉量时比水稻产量高60.45%、水分利用效率高61.19%。旱稻各灌溉下产量平均值比水稻高11.24%、水分利用效率高10%、节水22.2%。【结论】 新疆干旱区种植旱稻受水分限制小,在节约水资源、提高产量的同时,新疆旱稻种植的最优灌水量为675 mm。

关键词: 旱稻, 水稻, 生长发育, 产量, 灌水量

CLC Number:

S511

WANG Luxia, SUO Changkai, CHU Xuan, YE Jun, MIN Wei, HOU zhenan. Response of Growth Development and Yield of Upland Rice and Paddy Rice to Irrigation Amount[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(12): 2979-2987.

王露霞, 索常凯, 褚璇, 冶军, 闵伟, 侯振安. 旱稻和水稻生长发育及产量对灌水量的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(12): 2979-2987.

Figures/Tables 7

References 28

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分配比例 allocation proportion (%)		苗期 Seedling stage	分蘖期 Tillering stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	乳熟期 Filling stage	汇总 Total
分配比例 allocation proportion (%)		20	30	15	15	20	100
处理 Treatments	W₁	75	112.5	56.25	56.25	75	375
	W₂	105	157.5	78.75	78.75	105	525
	W₃	135	202.5	101.25	101.25	135	675
	W₄	180	270	135	135	180	900
	W₅	225	337.5	168.75	168.75	225	1125

分配比例 allocation proportion (%)		苗期 Seedling stage	分蘖期 Tillering stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	乳熟期 Filling stage	汇总 Total
分配比例 allocation proportion (%)		20	30	15	15	20	100
处理 Treatments	W₁	75	112.5	56.25	56.25	75	375
	W₂	105	157.5	78.75	78.75	105	525
	W₃	135	202.5	101.25	101.25	135	675
	W₄	180	270	135	135	180	900
	W₅	225	337.5	168.75	168.75	225	1125

处理 Treatments		分蘖期 Tillering stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	齐穗期 Full heading stage	乳熟期 Filling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
旱稻 Upland rice	W₁	0.79^ab	1.49^a	/	/	/
	W₂	0.62^b	1.9^a	1.79^a	2.7^a	1.89^a
	W₃	0.96^a	2.02^a	2.03^a	2.96^a	2.57^a
	W₄	0.71^b	1.64^a	1.83^a	2.46^a	2.38^a
	W₅	0.8^ab	1.96^a	2.09^a	2.27^a	2.54^a
	Mean	0.77^B	1.8^B	1.55^B	2.08^B	1.88^B
水稻 Rice	W₁	1.24^b	/	/	/	/
	W₂	1.54^b	/	/	/	/
	W₃	1.93^a	3.64^ab	6.19^a	7.3^b	4.1^ab
	W₄	1.96^a	4.1^a	6.88^a	7.49^b	4.77^ab
	W₅	1.96^a	4.93^a	7^a	8.82^a	5.74^a
	Mean	1.72^A	2.53^A	4.01^A	4.72^A	2.92^A
两因素方差分析(显著性) Two-way ANOVA (Significance)
	C	**	**	**	**	**
	W	**	**	**	**	**
	CW*	**	**	**	**	**

处理 Treatments		分蘖期 Tillering stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	齐穗期 Full heading stage	乳熟期 Filling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
旱稻 Upland rice	W₁	0.79^ab	1.49^a	/	/	/
	W₂	0.62^b	1.9^a	1.79^a	2.7^a	1.89^a
	W₃	0.96^a	2.02^a	2.03^a	2.96^a	2.57^a
	W₄	0.71^b	1.64^a	1.83^a	2.46^a	2.38^a
	W₅	0.8^ab	1.96^a	2.09^a	2.27^a	2.54^a
	Mean	0.77^B	1.8^B	1.55^B	2.08^B	1.88^B
水稻 Rice	W₁	1.24^b	/	/	/	/
	W₂	1.54^b	/	/	/	/
	W₃	1.93^a	3.64^ab	6.19^a	7.3^b	4.1^ab
	W₄	1.96^a	4.1^a	6.88^a	7.49^b	4.77^ab
	W₅	1.96^a	4.93^a	7^a	8.82^a	5.74^a
	Mean	1.72^A	2.53^A	4.01^A	4.72^A	2.92^A
两因素方差分析(显著性) Two-way ANOVA (Significance)
	C	**	**	**	**	**
	W	**	**	**	**	**
	CW*	**	**	**	**	**

处理 Treatments		分蘖期Tillering stage		孕穗期Booting stage		齐穗期Full heading stage			成熟期Maturity stage
处理 Treatments		叶片	茎鞘	叶片	茎鞘	叶片	茎鞘	穗	叶片	茎鞘	穗
旱稻 Upland rice	W₁	40.33^c	59.67^a	33.33^a	66.67^b	/	/	/	/	/	/
	W₂	44^a	56^c	33.67^a	66.33^b	30.67^a	60.67^a	8.67^c	16.67^a	51.33^a	32^b
	W₃	42.67^ab	57.33^bc	34.67^a	65.33^b	29.67^ab	57.33^ab	13^bc	12^b	38^b	50^a
	W₄	42^bc	58^ab	28.33^b	71.67^a	23.67^c	55.33^b	21.33^a	10.67^b	38.33^b	51^a
	W₅	42.67^ab	57.33^bc	32.67^a	67.33^a	26.67^ab	59^ab	14^b	12^b	37.67^b	50^a
	Mean	42.33^B	57.67^A	32.53^A	67.47^A	22.13^A	46.47^A	11.4^A	10.27^A	33.07^A	36.6^A
水稻 Rice	W₁	45.67^bc	54.33^ab	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
	W₂	46.67abc	53.33abc	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/
	W₃	48.67^a	51.33^c	39.67^a	60.33^a	33^a	63.67^a	4^b	18.67^a	65.67^a	15^b
	W₄	47.67^ab	52.33^bc	38.33^a	61.67^a	29^b	64.67^a	6.67^a	14^b	46.67^b	39.67^a
	W₅	45.33^c	54.67^a	38.67^a	61.33^a	29^b	64^a	7^a	15.67^b	42.33^b	42^a
	Mean	46.8^A	53.2^B	23.33^B	36.67^B	18.2^B	38.47^B	3.53^B	9.67^A	30.93^B	19.33^B
两因素方差分析(显著性)Two-way ANOVA (Significance)
	C	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	ns	*	**
	W	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	CW*	*	*	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**