Study on Suitable Sowing Date and Rate of Interplanting Rape with Green Manure in Orchards

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To conduct experiments of interplanting rape as green manure in Aksu area walnut orchard of trees with the age of 7 years, and study the growth and effect of returning interplanting rape as green manure under different sowing dates and sowing rates with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of rape as green manure in that area. 【Methods】 To conduct experiments of interplanting rape as green manure in Aksu area walnut orchard of trees with the age of 7 years, and study the growth and effect of returning interplanting rape as green manure under different sowing dates and sowing rates with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of rape as green manure in that area. 【Results】 Different treatments had effects on the yield of green manure rape, plant nutrient content, orchard soil pH, water-soluble salt and soil nutrient. The yield of D₁R₂ was the highest, and the yield of fresh grass before turning was 42.88 t/hm²; The plant of total nitrogen content of D₁R₂ treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments, while the total phosphorus and potassium content of D₂R₃ and D₂R₂ treatment were highest. The soil pH of D₁R₁, D₂R₃ and D₂R₄ treatments was the lowest after the rape was overturning pressure for one month. The content of water-soluble salts of D₁R₄ and D₂R₁ treat-ments was the lowest. The content of organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen and available ph-osphorus in D₁R₂ treatment was the highest, and the content of available potassium in D₂R₂ treatment was the highest. 【Conclusion】 Interplanting rape green manure in orchards in Aksu region can mak-e sufficient use of the water and nutrients in the thawed soil layer. Sowing in ice crust of rape of 22.5 kg/hm² can increase the yield of rape green manure and improve the soil fertility of orchards.

Key words: rape green manure; sowing date; sowing rate; yield; nutrient content

摘要：

【目的】研究不同播期播量下果园套种油菜绿肥的生长状况和还田效果,为油菜作为绿肥在新疆阿克苏地区林下种植的推广和应用提供理论依据。【方法】在阿克苏地区树龄7 a的核桃园进行果园套种油菜绿肥试验,以林下套种绿肥主栽品种新油17号为试材,在冬灌核桃地顶凌播种,以常规播种为对照,分析播期播量对油菜绿肥产量和还田后土壤养分含量的影响。【结果】不同处理对绿肥油菜产量、植株养分含量、果园土壤pH和水溶性盐、土壤养分均有影响。D₁R₂处理产量最高,翻压前鲜草产量为42.88 t/hm²;D₁R₂处理植株全氮含量显著高于其余处理,D₂R₃、D₂R₂处理则表现为植株全磷、全钾含量最高;油菜翻压1个月后,D₁R₁、D₂R₃和D₂R₄处理土壤pH最低;D₁R₄和D₂R₁处理土壤水溶性盐含量最低。D₁R₂处理有机质、水解性氮和有效磷含量为各处理下最高,D₂R₂速效钾含量最高。【结论】果园套种油菜绿肥,可充分利用融冻土层水分和养分,油菜顶凌播种22.5 kg/hm²可增加油菜绿肥产量,提升果园地力。

关键词: 油菜绿肥, 播期, 播量, 产量, 养分含量

CLC Number:

S565.5

FU Yongqiang, ZHANG Yongxia, LONG Zaijun, RAN Hui, Aimaieraili Tuheti. Study on Suitable Sowing Date and Rate of Interplanting Rape with Green Manure in Orchards[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(8): 1864-1870.

付永强, 张永霞, 龙再俊, 冉辉, 艾麦尔艾力·吐合提. 果园套种油菜绿肥适宜播期播量分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(8): 1864-1870.

Figures/Tables 8

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序号 Serial number	处理 Treatment	项目 Items
1	D₁R₁	顶凌播种（2月23日）,播量15 kg/hm²
2	D₁R₂	顶凌播种（2月23日）,播量22.5 kg/hm²
3	D₁R₃	顶凌播种（2月23日）,播量30 kg/hm²
4	D₁R₄	顶凌播种（2月23日）,播量37.5 kg/hm²
5	D₂R₁	常规播种（3月23日）,播量播量15 kg/hm²
6	D₂R₂	常规播种（3月23日）,播量22.5 kg/hm²
7	D₂R₃	常规播种（3月23日）,播量30 kg/hm²
8	D₂R₄	常规播种（3月23日）,播量37.5 kg/hm²

序号 Serial number	处理 Treatment	项目 Items
1	D₁R₁	顶凌播种（2月23日）,播量15 kg/hm²
2	D₁R₂	顶凌播种（2月23日）,播量22.5 kg/hm²
3	D₁R₃	顶凌播种（2月23日）,播量30 kg/hm²
4	D₁R₄	顶凌播种（2月23日）,播量37.5 kg/hm²
5	D₂R₁	常规播种（3月23日）,播量播量15 kg/hm²
6	D₂R₂	常规播种（3月23日）,播量22.5 kg/hm²
7	D₂R₃	常规播种（3月23日）,播量30 kg/hm²
8	D₂R₄	常规播种（3月23日）,播量37.5 kg/hm²

处理Treatment	株高Plant Height（cm）	株数Number of Trees（10⁴株/hm²）	鲜重Fresh Weight（t/hm²）	干重Dry Weight （t/hm²）
D₁R₁	82.4^e	369.15b^c	32.03^cd	4.75^a
D₁R₂	107.46^a	324.75^c	42.88^a	4.97^a
D₁R₃	84.12^d	384.3^b	33.53^bc	4.88^a
D₁R₄	89.3^c	450.9^a	31.69^cd	4.81^a
D₂R₁	108.33^a	147.3^e	28.26^e	3.85^b
D₂R₂	88.33^cd	269.4^d	29.18^de	4.02^b
D₂R₃	93.67^b	328.05^c	28.23^e	3.73^bc
D₂R₄	92.5b^c	417.3^ab	36.40^b	3.54^c

处理Treatment	株高Plant Height（cm）	株数Number of Trees（10⁴株/hm²）	鲜重Fresh Weight（t/hm²）	干重Dry Weight （t/hm²）
D₁R₁	82.4^e	369.15b^c	32.03^cd	4.75^a
D₁R₂	107.46^a	324.75^c	42.88^a	4.97^a
D₁R₃	84.12^d	384.3^b	33.53^bc	4.88^a
D₁R₄	89.3^c	450.9^a	31.69^cd	4.81^a
D₂R₁	108.33^a	147.3^e	28.26^e	3.85^b
D₂R₂	88.33^cd	269.4^d	29.18^de	4.02^b
D₂R₃	93.67^b	328.05^c	28.23^e	3.73^bc
D₂R₄	92.5b^c	417.3^ab	36.40^b	3.54^c

处理Treatment	有机质 Organic matter （g/kg）	水解性氮 Hydrolytic nitrogen （mg/kg）	有效磷 Available phosphorus （mg/kg）	速效钾 Available potassium （mg/kg）
D₁基础土样	12.30±0.35^de	74.5±0.95^ef	18.70±0.40^f	107.00±9.61^g
D₁R₁	20.91±0.91^b	99.28±1.14^b	36.66±0.86^d	231.29±3.70^d
D₁R₂	24.14±1.52^a	108.27±2.76^a	87.77±0.16^a	416.12±4.13^b
D₁R₃	22.12±0.55^ab	103.83±0.67^ab	34.74±1.42^d	134.33±1.11^fg
D₁R₄	21.31±0.23^b	99.99±1.35^b	58.28±0.14^c	170.69±8.43^e
D₂基础土样	16.30±0.08^c	71.9±1.08^f	29.90±1.30^e	151.00±23.46^ef
D₂R₁	9.83±0.51^e	57.3±2.31^g	20.70±0.96^f	315.00±9.29^c
D₂R₂	16.50±1.63^c	83.4±2.26^d	60.70±1.39^c	542.00±10.69^a
D₂R₃	13.40±1.01^d	77.4±2.71^e	28.10±1.25^e	109.00±8.19^g
D₂R₄	18.10±1.15^c	89.4±1.55^c	70.90±1.46^b	135.00±9.85^fg