Effect of cotton-peanut crop rotation pattern on the distribution of dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To characterize the dry matter accumulation and distribution pattern of peanut under the cotton peanut rotation pattern.【Methods】Using the conventional continuous peanut in Xinjiang as control (CK), we set up two different cropping patterns, namely, cotton - peanut - cotton rotation (CPC) and peanut - cotton - peanut rotation (PCP), and measured the dry and fresh ratios of peanut roots, stems, leaves and fruits as well as the amount of dry matter accumulated at the seedling stage, the needle stage, the podding stage and the maturity stage, respectively. 【Results】There was a significant positive correlation between the dry weight of peanut pods and fruits, the dry weight of leaves and the biomass of a single plant. The dry-to-fresh ratio and dry matter accumulation of stems, leaves and fruits of cotton - peanut - cotton rotation and peanut - cotton - peanut rotation were significantly higher than those of CK during the whole life span of peanut, in which the weight of 100 fruits, 100 kernels and yield of cotton - peanut - cotton rotation increased by 21.17%, 35.33% and 78.02%, respectively compared with CK; and the weight of 100 fruits, 100 kernels, kernel yield and yield of peanut - cotton - peanut rotation increased by 14.68%, 6.64%, 1.39% and 40.54%, respectively compared with those of CK. The 100-fruit weight and 100-kernel weight of cotton - peanut - cotton rotation were significantly higher than those of CK and peanut - cotton - peanut rotation treatments by 21.42% and 35.28%, 5.69% and 26.08%, respectively. 【Conclusion】It was clearly seen that crop rotation mode achieved the effect of accelerating the fertility process. Crop rotation can significantly increase dry matter accumulation and 100-fruit and 100-kernel weights and is favorable to the improvement of peanut yield.

Key words: cotton-peanut rotation; dry matter accumulation; yield traits

摘要：

【目的】研究棉花-花生轮作模式下花生干物质积累量分配规律特性。【方法】以新疆常规连作花生为对照(CK),设置棉花-花生-棉花轮作(CPC处理)、花生-棉花-花生轮作(PCP处理)2个不同的种植模式,在花生苗期、花针期、结荚期、成熟期分别测定花生根、茎、叶和果的干鲜比、干物质积累量等指标。【结果】花生荚果干重、叶干重与单株生物量间均呈显著正相关。花生全生育期棉花-花生-棉花轮作,花生-棉花-花生轮作的茎、叶、果的干鲜比及干物质积累量均显著高于CK,其中棉花-花生-棉花轮作的百果重、百仁重和产量比CK增加21.17%、35.33%和78.02%;花生-棉花-花生轮作的百果重、百仁重、出仁率和产量比CK分别增加14.68%、6.64%、1.39%和40.54%。棉花-花生-棉花轮作百果重、百仁重均显著高出CK和花生-棉花-花生轮作处理21.42%和35.28%、5.69%和26.08%。【结论】轮作模式具有加快生育进程的效果,轮作可以显著提高干物质积累量及百果重、百仁重,且有利于花生产量的提高。

关键词: 棉花-花生轮作, 干物质积累量, 产量性状

CLC Number:

S562
S344.1

GAO Jun, HOU Xianfei, MIAO Haocui, JIA Donghai, GU Yuanguo, WANGH Tianling, HNU Yi, CHENG Xiaolu, LI Qiang. Effect of cotton-peanut crop rotation pattern on the distribution of dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1648-1656.

高君, 侯献飞, 苗昊翠, 贾东海, 顾元国, 汪天玲, 黄奕, 陈晓露, 李强. 棉花-花生轮作模式对花生干物质积累量分配及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1648-1656.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Planting schemes of peanut and cotton between different years Note: The cropping pattern between years in plot A is peanut-peanut-peanut, abbreviated as CK; the cropping pattern between years in plot C is cotton-peanut-cotton, abbreviated as CPC; and the cropping pattern between years in plot D is peanut-cotton-peanut, abbreviated as PCP

Fig.2 Dry-to-fresh ratio of each organ during peanut growth and development under different cropping patterns Note: Different lowercase letters on the plot columns of the same organ indicate significant differences between different cropping patterns at the 0.05 level

Fig.3 Changes of total dry matter accumulation of peanut monocots under different cropping patterns Note: Different lowercase letters on the graph bars for the same period indicate that the differences between different cropping patterns are significant at the 0.05 level

Fig.4 Changes of dry matter allocation in different cropping patterns at seedling, flowering-pegging, pod setting and pod filling stages Note:The numbers on the columns are the dry matter distribution ratios

Tab.1 logistic equation and data of dry matter accumulation in continuous cropping and rotation of peanut

指标 Indexes	Logistic方程 Logistic equation	R²	t₁	t₂	t₃
花生-棉花-花生轮作干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in peanut-cotton-peanut	y= $\frac{0.993 19}{1 + 436.728 9 e^{- 11.653 778}}$	0.992 67	51.50	65.73	79.978
CK干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in CK	y= $\frac{0.996 1}{1 + 272.689 47 e^{- 9.898 29 x}}$	0.997 24	54.63	71.39	88.16
棉花-花生-棉花轮作干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in cotton-peanut-cotton	y= $\frac{0.988 5}{1 + 1 858.274 32 e^{- 13.197 42 x}}$	0.996 17	59.31	71.88	84.45

Tab.1 logistic equation and data of dry matter accumulation in continuous cropping and rotation of peanut

指标 Indexes	Logistic方程 Logistic equation	R²	t₁	t₂	t₃
花生-棉花-花生轮作干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in peanut-cotton-peanut	y= $\frac{0.993 19}{1 + 436.728 9 e^{- 11.653 778}}$	0.992 67	51.50	65.73	79.978
CK干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in CK	y= $\frac{0.996 1}{1 + 272.689 47 e^{- 9.898 29 x}}$	0.997 24	54.63	71.39	88.16
棉花-花生-棉花轮作干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation in cotton-peanut-cotton	y= $\frac{0.988 5}{1 + 1 858.274 32 e^{- 13.197 42 x}}$	0.996 17	59.31	71.88	84.45

Fig.5 Logistic fitting curve of dry matter accumulation in continuous cropping and rotation of peanut

Tab.2 Yield and yield components of peanut under different cropping patterns

处理 Treatments	百果重 Hundred pods weight (g)	百仁重 Hyakuren Heavy (g)	出仁率 Kernel rate (%)	500 g果数 Number of pods at 500 g	单株生物量 single plant biomass	单株产量 Single plant yield	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
棉花-花生- 棉花轮作 Cotton-peanut-cotton	204.35±4.53^a	87.26±3.03^a	75%±0.01^c	243±2.64^c	169.41±1.21^a	31.47±0.52^b	7 421.28^a
对照CK	168.65±8.63^c	64.48±0.38^c	72%±0.01^b	286±3.21^a	137.40±1,53^c	30.26±0.86^c	4 160.42^c
花生-棉花- 花生轮作 Peanut-cotton-peanut	193.47±1.74^b	68.76±2.15^b	73%±0.01^a	269±1.54^b	155.03±0.96^b	33.02±1.23^a	5 847.07^b

Fig.6 Correlation analysis of dry matter accumulation and yield index of peanut plants under different cropping patterns

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