Effects of chasing rate during peak nutrient uptake of transport under n Reduction on spring wheat

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.006

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (8): 1866-1872.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.006

• Crop Genetics and Breeding · Germplasm Resources · Molecular Genetics · Soil Fertilizer • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of chasing rate during peak nutrient uptake of transport under n Reduction on spring wheat

LI Huaisheng¹(), AI Hongyu²(), MENG Ling¹, WANG Heya¹, ZHANG Lei³, AI Haifeng¹

1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Ninth Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(Animal Husbandry Science Research Institute), Tacheng Xinjiang 834300, China
2. Tacheng Prefecture Agrcultural Science Research Institute,Tachang Xinjiang 834700,China
3. Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300,China

Received:2022-12-16 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-08-14
Correspondence author: AI Hongyu (1988-), female, Sichuan, senior agronomist, bachelor degree, research direction: crop cultivation and breeding work,(E-mail)1475918863@qq.com
Supported by:
National Key R & D Program Project "Research on the Oasis Wheat Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Application Reduction Technology Integration And Demonstration"(2018YFD20040608);Tackling Hard-Nut Problems in Science and Technology of the Ninth Division of XPCC "Research and Integration of Key Technologies for Saving Cost, Improving Quality and Efficiency of Drip Irrigation Spring Wheat"

减氮下运筹养分吸收高峰期追施比例对春小麦的影响

李怀胜¹(), 艾洪玉²(), 孟玲¹, 王贺亚¹, 张磊³, 艾海峰¹

1.新疆生产建设兵团第九师农业科学研究所(畜牧科学研究所),新疆额敏 834300
2.塔城地区农业科学研究所,新疆塔城 834300
3.塔里木大学,新疆阿拉尔 843300

通讯作者: 艾洪玉(1988-),女,四川南充人,高级农艺师,研究方向为作物栽培与育种,(E-mail)1475918863@qq.com
作者简介:李怀胜(1988-),男,甘肃定西人,助理研究员,研究方向为作物栽培与育种,(E-mail)1505421254@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“绿洲小麦化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD20040608);兵团第九师科技攻关“滴灌春小麦节本提质增效关键技术研究与集成”

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To provide a basis for reasonable nitrogen reduction in high-yield and high-quality cultivation of spring wheat under drip irrigation in Northern Xinjiang and to determine the amount of nitrogen fertilizer from nodulation to flowering.【Methods】 Xinchun 43 was taken as the test material, on the basis of investigating the nitrogen application amount of 390 kg / hm² in 213 agricultural households, three nitrogen application levels (312, 270 and 234 kg / hm²) and the operation research ratio from nodulation to flowering (7∶3, 5∶5 and 6∶4) were set according to the nitrogen reduction of 20%, 30% and 40%, to study the effect of the transport ratios from nodulation to flowering on drip irrigated spring wheat.【Results】 Under the condition of N₁, the yield of R₃ was the highest, which was increased by 7.4% and 3.7% compared with those of R₁ and R₂.The dry matter accumulation increased by 13.9%, 17.5%, 26.2% and 10.3% compared with that of R₁, and 7.7%, 3.6%, 10.6% and 2.6% compared with R₂ in each period, respectively; There was no significant difference in assimilation transport before and after anthesis, and the leaf area index was R₃ > R₂ > R₁.Under N₂ condition, the yield was consistent with that under N₁ condition.The dry matter accumulation was R₂ > R₁ > R₃ in each period.The assimilation transport before and after flowering showed a trend of "increasing first and then decreasing", which reached the maximum in R₂, 2,614.35 and 6,284.79 kg / hm² respectively.The leaf area index was R₃ > R₂ > R₁.Under the condition of N₃, the yield of R₂ was significantly higher than those of R₁ and R₃, with an increase of 25.4% and 32.0%, respectively.The dry matter accumulation increased by 4.8%, 10.8%, 8.5% and 23.2% compared with that of R₁.The assimilates content before and after anthesis of R₃ was maximum at 2,242.32 kg/hm², which increased by 50.6% and 36.8% compared with R₁ and R₂, respectively, and the leaf area index showed R₂>R₁>R₃.【Conclusion】 The pure nitrogen 234 kg/hm²and the N fertilizer transportation ratio of 6:4 from nodulation to flowering are more suitable for spring wheat production under the conditions of this experiment.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer operation research; spring wheat; dry matter accumulation and transport; leaf area index; yield

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆北疆滴灌春小麦高产、优质栽培中合理减氮养分运筹,为春小麦拔节至开花的氮肥施用量选择提供依据。【方法】以新春43号为供试材料,调研213户农户氮肥施入量390 kg/hm²的基础上,按照氮肥减量20%、30%和40%设置3个施氮水平(312、270和234 kg/hm²)及拔节至开花运筹比例(7∶3、5∶5、6∶4),研究不同施氮水平下运筹调控拔节至开花期的氮肥追施比例对滴灌春小麦的影响。【结果】N₁条件下,产量以R₃最高,较R₁、R₂增产7.4%、3.7%,各生育时期干物质积累量较R₁分别增加13.9%、17.5%、26.2%、10.3%,较R₂分别增加7.7%、3.6%、10.6%和2.6%;花前、花后同化物转运量差异性不显著,叶面积指数也表现为R₃>R₂>R₁。N₂条件下,产量与N₁条件下表现一致,干物质积累量各时期表现为R₂>R₁>R₃,花前、花后同化物转运量呈“先增后降”的变化趋势,均在R₂达到最大,分别为2 614.35和6 284.79 kg/hm²,叶面积指数表现为R₃>R₂>R₁。N₃条件下,R₂的产量显著高于R₁、R₃,增产幅度分别为25.4%和32.0%,各生育时期干物质积累量较R₁分别增加4.8%、10.8%、8.5%和23.2%,花前、花后同化物以R₃最大,为2 242.32 kg/hm²,较R₁、R₂分别增加了50.6%和36.8%,叶面积指数表现为R₂>R₁>R₃。【结论】纯氮234 kg/hm²,拔节至开花期氮肥运筹比例6∶4更加适应春小麦生产。

关键词: 氮肥运筹, 春小麦, 干物质积累与转运, 叶面积指数, 产量

CLC Number:

S512

LI Huaisheng, AI Hongyu, MENG Ling, WANG Heya, ZHANG Lei, AI Haifeng. Effects of chasing rate during peak nutrient uptake of transport under n Reduction on spring wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 1866-1872.

李怀胜, 艾洪玉, 孟玲, 王贺亚, 张磊, 艾海峰. 减氮下运筹养分吸收高峰期追施比例对春小麦的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1866-1872.

Figures/Tables 6

References 20

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项目 Item	指标 Index	出苗-拔节 Emergence -Jointing	拔节-孕穗 Jointing -Flowering	孕穗-开花 Booting stage -Flowering	开花-成熟 Flowering -Maturity	全生育期 Whole growth period
水分 Water	分配比例(%)	25	30	20	25	100
	灌水量(m³/hm²)	1 050~1 125	1 260~1 500	840~1 350	1 050~1 125	4 200~4 500
	灌水次数	2	2	1	2	7
氮肥N Fertilizer	R₁	25	38.5	16.5	20	100
	R₂	25	33	22	20	100
	R₃	25	27.5	27.5	20	100
	随水施肥次数	1	1	1	1	4

项目 Item	指标 Index	出苗-拔节 Emergence -Jointing	拔节-孕穗 Jointing -Flowering	孕穗-开花 Booting stage -Flowering	开花-成熟 Flowering -Maturity	全生育期 Whole growth period
水分 Water	分配比例(%)	25	30	20	25	100
	灌水量(m³/hm²)	1 050~1 125	1 260~1 500	840~1 350	1 050~1 125	4 200~4 500
	灌水次数	2	2	1	2	7
氮肥N Fertilizer	R₁	25	38.5	16.5	20	100
	R₂	25	33	22	20	100
	R₃	25	27.5	27.5	20	100
	随水施肥次数	1	1	1	1	4

变异来源 Origin of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 df	均方 Equal squares	F值 F-value	P值 P-value
氮肥减量Nitrogen reduction	207 583.978	2	103 791.989	0.306	0.739
运筹比例Operational ratio	3 206 751.874 763	2	1 603 375.937	4.735	0.021
施氮量×运筹比例Nitrogen reduction×Operational ratio	8 460 058.199	8	1 057 507.275	9.796	0
误差Error	1 834 250.271	18	101 902.793
总变异Total variance	13 708 644.32	30

变异来源 Origin of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 df	均方 Equal squares	F值 F-value	P值 P-value
氮肥减量Nitrogen reduction	207 583.978	2	103 791.989	0.306	0.739
运筹比例Operational ratio	3 206 751.874 763	2	1 603 375.937	4.735	0.021
施氮量×运筹比例Nitrogen reduction×Operational ratio	8 460 058.199	8	1 057 507.275	9.796	0
误差Error	1 834 250.271	18	101 902.793
总变异Total variance	13 708 644.32	30

氮肥减量 NR (kg/hm²)	运筹比列 Operational Comparison	穗数 Spike number (10⁴/hm²)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	穗粒数 Kernel No. (No./spike)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
N₁	R₁	595.59^ab	52.57^a	25.20^c	6 803.67^cde
	R₂	579.67^ab	43.15^c	32.90^a	7 043.69^bcd
	R₃	500.03^bc	43.57^bc	33.10^a	7 303.70^bc
N₂	R₁	587.08^ab	44.99^bc	30.87^ab	6 830.34^cde
	R₂	475.59^c	44.23^bc	33.23^a	7 460.37^b
	R₃	592.26^ab	46.23^bc	28.73^b	7 477.04^b
N₃	R₁	591.89^ab	46.95^bc	29.20^b	6 647.00^de
	R₂	623.00^a	45.82^bc	29.17^b	8 337.08^a
	R₃	604.85^ab	48.97^b	25.33^c	6 313.65^e

Effects of chasing rate during peak nutrient uptake of transport under n Reduction on spring wheat

减氮下运筹养分吸收高峰期追施比例对春小麦的影响

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处理 Treatment	干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation(kg/hm²)
处理 Treatment	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Flowering stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
N₁R₁	5 654.13^bc	10 758.02^c	12 604.96^d	17 021.07^bcd
N₁R₂	5 975.42^ab	11 147.13^c	14 382.00^c	18 299.00^abc
N₁R₃	6 439.52^a	12 642.44^b	15 907.89^b	18 781.37^ab
N₂R₁	6 157.62^a	12 644.18^b	16 542.71^b	17 413.53^bc
N₂R₂	6 384.56^a	13 793.05^ab	18 272.80^a	18 804.57^ab
N₂R₃	5 323.86^c	9 985.61^c	14 051.49^cd	16 380.17^cd
N₃R₁	6 194.55^a	10 260.06^c	12 601.68^de	16 294.13^cd
N₃R₂	6 492.94^a	11 367.08^c	13 673.66^cde	20 069.93^a
N₃R₃	5 654.01^bc	9 825.81^c	12 459.72^e	14 785.17^d

处理 Treatment	花前同化物Assimilate before anthesis			花后同化物Assimilate after anthesis
处理 Treatment	转运量 Transportation (kg/hm²)	转运率 Transshipment rate (%)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	转运量 Transportation (kg/hm²)	对籽粒贡献率 Contribution rate (%)
N₁R₁	1 635.52^bcd	15.19^bc	20.69^b	6 263.04^a	68.69^ab
N₁R₂	1 223.53^d	10.98^c	14.75^b	7 068.53^a	71.34^ab
N₁R₃	1 579.28^bcd	12.50^c	20.51^b	6 138.92^a	55.53^c
N₂R₁	2 173.92^abc	15.78^bc	37.77^a	3 620.48^c	31.51^d
N₂R₂	2 614.35^a	20.85^ab	29.39^a	6 284.79^a	63.48^bc
N₂R₃	996.58^d	9.84^c	13.71^b	6 094.55^a	71.48^ab
N₃R₁	1 488.32^cd	15.01^bc	18.86^b	6 468.32^a	77.48^a
N₃R₂	1 638.68^bcd	14.58^bc	18.74^b	7 036.18^a	72.88^ab
N₃R₃	2 242.32^ab	22.91^a	31.10^a	4 959.35^b	65.70^abc

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