Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (12): 2208-2219.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.12.007

• Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Application Reduction for Cotton • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Investigation and Research on the Dynamic Occurrence of Major Crop Diseases and Pests and the Succession of Control Strategy in China During 2015-2019

TANG Rui1(), SUN Xianyin2, ZHUO Fuyan3, ZHU Jingquan3, GUO Rong3()   

  1. 1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
    2. Linqing Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Linqing Shandong 252600, China
    3. NATESC, Beijing 100125, China
  • Received:2021-06-18 Online:2021-12-20 Published:2021-12-31
  • Correspondence author: GUO Rong
  • Supported by:
    National Key R & D Program Project(2017YFD0201908);Scientific and Technological Development of Guangdong Academy of Sciences(2018GDASCX-0107)

近5年中国棉花主要病虫害发生演替及防控分析

唐睿1(), 孙宪银2, 卓富彦3, 朱景全3, 郭荣3()   

  1. 1.广东省科学院动物研究所/广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室/广东省野生动物保护与利用公共实验室,广州 510260
    2.山东省临清市农业农村局,山东临清 252600
    3.全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京 100125
  • 通讯作者: 郭荣
  • 作者简介:唐睿(1984-),男,云南昆明人,博士,研究方向为昆虫神经行为学,(E-mail) tangr@giz.gd.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201908);广东省科学院科技发展专项(2018GDASCX-0107)

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Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the dominant types of pests and diseases in various cotton producing areas in China, analyze the occurrence of pests over the past years and the succession of prevention and control strategies, summarize the current green prevention and control technology models of pests and diseases in cotton fields and study future cotton pests and diseases’ prevention and control strategies. 【Methods】 NATESC collected annual data through the cotton disease and insect pest monitoring network by the agricultural technicians in the cotton production area according to the national standardized cotton disease and insect pest survey method. The contents of the survey included the cotton plantating area, occurrence area, the area of control of major cotton diseases and insect pests, the recovery loss and the actual loss, etc., as well as the data of the spray varieties and dosage changes over the years. By comparing the annual average planting area and the area of plant diseases and insect pests, we analysed the succession of diseases and insect pests. Based on the annual succession situation, the distribution changes in different provinces, and the comparison of pests/control, the data of diseases and insect pests and control in China's cotton field production were analysed and evaluated. 【Results】 The results found that from 2015 to 2019, the overall occurrence and control area of cotton diseases and insect pests across the country showed a downward trend which was positively related to planting areas, and the average annual overall control area was higher than that of the occurrence area. The top three areas where cotton diseases and insect pests occurred during the five-year period were Xinjiang, Hebei and Shandong. In 5 years, the average occurrence area of pests was 7.66 million hectares, and the average annual total disease occurrence area was 1.64 million hectares. The average annual control area of cotton pests in 5 years was 9.33 million hectares, and the average annual disease control was 1.63 million hectares. Cotton seedling disease, boll disease, fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt had the highest average annual occurrence area among the diseases. The average annual occurrence area was between 29,019×10 3 and 511,410×10 3 hectares. Among the seedling diseases, the area of wilt disease was the highest, with 253,69×10 3 hectares. Among the pests, the highest average annual incidence area was cotton aphid, cotton bollworm, cotton spider mite, cotton mirid bug, white fly and cotton thrips. The average annual incidence area was 443,81×10 3 to 2,081,04×10 3 hectares. The annual occurrence trends of major diseases and insect pests had regional similarities. 【Conclusion】 The actual average annual loss of cotton production throughout the country has stabilized, while the area of control of several major pests is still significantly higher than the area of occurrence, indicating that the pesticide application methods in the control of cotton diseases and insect pests can still be optimized. The succession of the occurrence of cotton diseases and insect pests is the joint result of agricultural pattern, farming system, management technology and ecological environment.

Key words: wheat; variety; population dynamics; dry matter accumulation characteristics; yield

摘要： 目的 分析中国各棉花产区棉花生产中病虫害的优势种类,研究历年害虫发生情况及防治策略演替,汇总棉田病虫害绿色防控技术模式,为棉花病虫害防控路径提供参考。方法 2015~2019年由全国农技中心采集棉花病虫害监测网络棉花生产区农技人员调查棉花病虫害方法年度数据,包含棉花种植面积、棉花主要病虫害发生面积、防治面积、挽回损失和实际损失。对比年均种植面积和病虫害发生面积数据,分析病虫害演替规律。以年度演替、分省分布变化及虫害/防治对比等分析评估对中国棉田生产中主要虫害、病害及其防治数据。结果 全国棉花病虫害总体发生和防治面积呈下降趋势,与种植面积呈正相关,年均总体防治面积高于发生面积。棉花病虫害 5年间总体发生面积前三地区分别为新疆、河北和山东。虫害于5年间平均发生面积为7 664.67×10 3 (hm 2·次),病害年均总发生面积1 639.47×10 3 (hm 2·次)。棉花虫害5年间年均防治面积为9 327.67×10 3 (hm 2·次),病害年均防治1 630.27×10 3 (hm 2·次)。病害中年均发生面积较高的分别为棉花苗病、铃病、枯萎病和黄萎病,年均发生面积29.019×10 3~511.41×10 3 (hm 2·次),苗病中立枯病发生面积最高,为253.69×10 3 (hm 2·次)。虫害中年均发生面积最高为棉蚜、棉铃虫、棉叶螨、棉盲蝽、烟粉虱和棉蓟马,年均发生面积443.81×10 3~2 081.04×10 3 (hm 2·次)。主要病虫害各自年度发生趋势具有区域相似性。 结论 全国棉花生产年均实际损失趋于稳定,而数种主要害虫的防治面积仍显著高于发生面积,在棉花病虫害防治中的用药方法尚可优化。棉花病虫害发生演替是农业格局、耕种制度、管理技术和生态环境的互作结果。

关键词: 棉花, 病害, 虫害, 发生规律, 防治面积

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