Degradation Characteristics of Biodegradable Plastic Film and Its Effect on Maize Yield

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.002

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The degradation performance, soil moisture content, maize growth and development, yield of biodegradable film were discussed.【Methods】 Tianye (Whole Biodegradable Film) and Hongrui (Whole Biodegradable Film), PED (Polyethylene Blown Agricultural Ground Cover Film) were applied and recorded as TZ, TY, HR and CK film to perform maize comparative experiments. 【Results】 The results showed that HR degradable film had advantages over other two kinds of degradable film in terms of explaining intensity. HR degradable film and TY degraded film entered the second degradable stage 10 days earlier than TZ treatment and eventually entered the disintegration stage in the maize harvest period. Compared with CK treatment, the yields of TY and TZ treatment were significantly reduced by 7.1% and 12.44%. There was no significant difference in yield between HR treatment and CK treatment. 【Conclusion】 HR degradable plastic film is more suitable for maize growth characteristics in northern Xinjiang.

Key words: maize; degradable plastic film; yield; degradation characteristics

摘要：

【目的】研究可降解地膜的降解性能及其对玉米生长发育、土壤温度、干物质积累与产量的影响。【方法】采用不同可降解膜天壮(氧化-生物双降解生态地膜)、天野(全生物降解地膜)、弘睿(全生物降解地膜)、PED(聚乙烯吹塑农用地面覆盖薄膜)和CK,进行地膜栽培玉米对比试验。【结果】弘睿降解地膜的降解强度较其它2种降解地膜有优势,弘睿降解地膜和天野处理比天壮处理早10 d进入了2级降解并最终在玉米收获期都进入了崩裂期;天野和天壮处理与CK处理相比减产7.1%和12.44%,弘睿处理与CK处理在产量方面无明显差异。【结论】弘睿可降解地膜较适宜新疆北疆地区玉米生长需求。

关键词: 玉米, 降解地膜, 产量, 降解特性

CLC Number:

S513

Dilimaimaiti Dilibaier, Qiuxiang TANG, Lei LEI, Lili SU. Degradation Characteristics of Biodegradable Plastic Film and Its Effect on Maize Yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(10): 1775-1783.

迪丽拜尔·迪力买买提, 汤秋香, 雷蕾, 苏丽丽. 生物降解地膜降解特性及其对玉米产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(10): 1775-1783.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Irrigation and fertilization scheme

灌水日期	灌水量 (m³/hm²)	施尿素量 (kg/hm²)
5月6日	450.00	/
6月12日	257.00	/
6月30日	610.00	75.00
7月9日	450.00	75.00
7月19日	771.00	90.00

Table 2 Weight loss rate of different degradable films

处理	腹膜前地膜质量 (g)	收获后地膜质量 (g)	失重率
天壮 Tianzhuang	0.412 6±0.02^b	0.412 6±0.02^b	3.06%±0.01^b
弘睿 Hongrui	0.482 2±0.03^ab	0.482 2±0.02^ab	2.96%±0.03^ab
天野 Tianye	0.594 3±0.00^a	0.594 3±0.17^a	1.56%±0.02^a

Table 3 Degradation rate of different degradable films

处理 Treatment	6月28日	7月2日	7月18日	7月22日	8月13日	8月23日	9月4日
天壮Tianzhuang	000⁺	000⁺	000⁺	000⁺	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$
弘睿Hongrui	0000	000⁺	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	${0^{+}}^{+}^{+}$	-
天野Tianye	000⁺	000⁺	000⁺	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	${0^{+}}^{+}^{+}$	-
CK	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000

Table 3 Degradation rate of different degradable films

处理 Treatment	6月28日	7月2日	7月18日	7月22日	8月13日	8月23日	9月4日
天壮Tianzhuang	000⁺	000⁺	000⁺	000⁺	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$
弘睿Hongrui	0000	000⁺	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	${0^{+}}^{+}^{+}$	-
天野Tianye	000⁺	000⁺	000⁺	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	0 ${0^{+}}^{+}$	${0^{+}}^{+}^{+}$	-
CK	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000	0000

Table 4 Effects of different degradable films on agronomic characters of maize

生育时期 Growth period	处理 Treament	株高 Plant height	叶片数 Leaves	茎粗 Stem diameter
苗期 Seedling stage	田野	8.19±0.51^a	4±0.00^a	2.47±0.05^a
	弘睿	8.46±0.16^a	3.83±0.03^a	2.55±0.11^a
	天壮	7.78±0.88^a	3.87±0.2^a	2.57±0.10^a
	CK	6.1±0.44^b	3.4±0.00^b	2.63±0.06^a
拔节期 Joingting stage	田野	105.2±2.36^a	11.47±0.12^bc	2.35±0.03^b
	弘睿	102.1±3.23^a	12±0. ${1^{a}}^{b}$	2.51±0.05^b
	天壮	111.67±1.95^a	12.37±0.28^a	2.44±0.06^b
	CK	88.8±2.19^b	11.17±0.19^c	2.71±0.04^a
大喇叭口期 Big trumpet stage	田野	166.82±0.85^a	15.2±0.21^a	2.48±0.03^b
	弘睿	165.15±3.73^a	15.17±0.03^a	2.54±0.06^b
	天壮	163.96±3.73^a	15.17±0.19^a	2.57±0.15^b
	CK	154.27±2.44^b	15.3±0.06^a	2.76±0.07^a
抽雄期 Pumping male stage	田野	202.47±6.8 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	18.33±0.07^a	2.51±0.1^b
	弘睿	206.37±4.69^a	18.3±0.3^a	2.58±0.1 ${1^{a}}^{b}$
	天壮	202.02±3.1 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	17.53±0.0 ${9^{a}}^{b}$	2.65±0.0 ${6^{a}}^{b}$
	CK	186.27±3.19^a	18.73±0.03^a	2.83±0.02^a
吐丝期 Silking stage	田野	226.56±2.99^a	18.33±0.07^b	2.52±0.05^b
	弘睿	224.52±2.55^a	18.27±0.28^b	2.63±0.0 ${4^{a}}^{b}$
	天壮	212.67±1.70^b	17.53±0.09^c	2.65±0.0 ${2^{a}}^{b}$
	CK	209.06±1.23^b	18.8±0.1^a	2.73±0.02^a
乳熟期 Milk ripening stage	田野	226.56±2.99^a	18.33±0.07^b	2.52±0.05^b
	弘睿	224.52±2.55^a	18.27±0.28^b	2.63±0.0 ${4^{a}}^{b}$
	天壮	212.67±1.70^b	17.53±0.09^c	2.65±0.0 ${2^{a}}^{b}$
	CK	209.06±1.23^b	18.8±0.10^a	2.73±0.02^a
成熟期 Malure stage	田野	226.56±2.99^a	18.33±0.07^a	2.52±0.05^b
	弘睿	224.52±2.55^a	18.27±0.28^b	2.63±0.0 ${4^{a}}^{b}$
	天壮	212.67±1.70^b	17.53±0.09^c	2.65±0.0 ${2^{a}}^{b}$
	CK	209.06±1.23^b	18.8±0.10^a	2.73±0.02^a

Table 4 Effects of different degradable films on agronomic characters of maize

生育时期 Growth period	处理 Treament	株高 Plant height	叶片数 Leaves	茎粗 Stem diameter
苗期 Seedling stage	田野	8.19±0.51^a	4±0.00^a	2.47±0.05^a
	弘睿	8.46±0.16^a	3.83±0.03^a	2.55±0.11^a
	天壮	7.78±0.88^a	3.87±0.2^a	2.57±0.10^a
	CK	6.1±0.44^b	3.4±0.00^b	2.63±0.06^a
拔节期 Joingting stage	田野	105.2±2.36^a	11.47±0.12^bc	2.35±0.03^b
	弘睿	102.1±3.23^a	12±0. ${1^{a}}^{b}$	2.51±0.05^b
	天壮	111.67±1.95^a	12.37±0.28^a	2.44±0.06^b
	CK	88.8±2.19^b	11.17±0.19^c	2.71±0.04^a
大喇叭口期 Big trumpet stage	田野	166.82±0.85^a	15.2±0.21^a	2.48±0.03^b
	弘睿	165.15±3.73^a	15.17±0.03^a	2.54±0.06^b
	天壮	163.96±3.73^a	15.17±0.19^a	2.57±0.15^b
	CK	154.27±2.44^b	15.3±0.06^a	2.76±0.07^a
抽雄期 Pumping male stage	田野	202.47±6.8 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	18.33±0.07^a	2.51±0.1^b
	弘睿	206.37±4.69^a	18.3±0.3^a	2.58±0.1 ${1^{a}}^{b}$
	天壮	202.02±3.1 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	17.53±0.0 ${9^{a}}^{b}$	2.65±0.0 ${6^{a}}^{b}$
	CK	186.27±3.19^a	18.73±0.03^a	2.83±0.02^a
吐丝期 Silking stage	田野	226.56±2.99^a	18.33±0.07^b	2.52±0.05^b
	弘睿	224.52±2.55^a	18.27±0.28^b	2.63±0.0 ${4^{a}}^{b}$
	天壮	212.67±1.70^b	17.53±0.09^c	2.65±0.0 ${2^{a}}^{b}$
	CK	209.06±1.23^b	18.8±0.1^a	2.73±0.02^a
乳熟期 Milk ripening stage	田野	226.56±2.99^a	18.33±0.07^b	2.52±0.05^b
	弘睿	224.52±2.55^a	18.27±0.28^b	2.63±0.0 ${4^{a}}^{b}$
	天壮	212.67±1.70^b	17.53±0.09^c	2.65±0.0 ${2^{a}}^{b}$
	CK	209.06±1.23^b	18.8±0.10^a	2.73±0.02^a
成熟期 Malure stage	田野	226.56±2.99^a	18.33±0.07^a	2.52±0.05^b
	弘睿	224.52±2.55^a	18.27±0.28^b	2.63±0.0 ${4^{a}}^{b}$
	天壮	212.67±1.70^b	17.53±0.09^c	2.65±0.0 ${2^{a}}^{b}$
	CK	209.06±1.23^b	18.8±0.10^a	2.73±0.02^a

Fig.1 Effects of different degradable films on the process of SPAD in maize Note: Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference of 5% between treatments

Table 5 Effects of different degradable films on maize growth process (days after sowing /d)

处理 Treatment	出苗期 Emerging	拔节期 Jointing	抽雄期 Heading	乳熟期 Filling	成熟期 Maturing
天壮Tianzhuang	9.0±0.58^b	47.0±0.58^b	68.0±0.58^b	85.0±0.58^b	135.0±0.58^b
弘睿Hongrui	9.0±0.58^b	47.0±0.58^b	66.0±0.58^b	82.0±0.58c	131.0±0.5 ${8^{c}}^{a}$
天野Tianye	9.0±0.58^b	47.0±0.58^b	66.0±0.58^b	82.0±0.5 ${8^{c}}^{a}$	131.0±0.5 ${8^{c}}^{a}$
CK	13.0±0.58^a	50.0±0.58.^a	73.0±0.58^a	89.0±0.88^a	139.0±0.58^a

Table 5 Effects of different degradable films on maize growth process (days after sowing /d)

处理 Treatment	出苗期 Emerging	拔节期 Jointing	抽雄期 Heading	乳熟期 Filling	成熟期 Maturing
天壮Tianzhuang	9.0±0.58^b	47.0±0.58^b	68.0±0.58^b	85.0±0.58^b	135.0±0.58^b
弘睿Hongrui	9.0±0.58^b	47.0±0.58^b	66.0±0.58^b	82.0±0.58c	131.0±0.5 ${8^{c}}^{a}$
天野Tianye	9.0±0.58^b	47.0±0.58^b	66.0±0.58^b	82.0±0.5 ${8^{c}}^{a}$	131.0±0.5 ${8^{c}}^{a}$
CK	13.0±0.58^a	50.0±0.58.^a	73.0±0.58^a	89.0±0.88^a	139.0±0.58^a

Table 6 Logistic function growth model and relevant parameters of maize dry matter accumulation

处理 Treatment	Logistic 函数生长模型 Logistic growth model	t₀				Vm (g/ (plant/d))	GT (g/plant)	R²
处理 Treatment	Logistic 函数生长模型 Logistic growth model	(d)				Vm (g/ (plant/d))	GT (g/plant)	R²
天壮 Tianzhuang	Y=448.186 2/^{[1+e(5.3764-0.060 686}^X¹⁾]	88.57	67.18	116.01	48.83	6.56	320.13	0.989 5
弘睿 Hongrui	X₂=502.671 3/^{[1+e(4.892 9-0.050 911}^X¹⁾]	96.13	70.24	121.98	51.74	6.40	331.011	0.993 6
天野 Tianye	X₂=476.555 7/^{[1+e(5.013 7-0.055 025}^X¹⁾]	91.16	66.89	110.30	43.40	9.80	295.13	0.959 1
CK	X₂=545.134 7/^{[1+e(8.104 3-0.091 148}^X¹⁾]	88.96	74.46	103.36	28.90	12.42	358.98	0.982 2

Fig.2 Effects of different degradable films on the accumulation of maize dry matter Note:Lowercase letters indicate difference significance test (P<0.05 ) among mulching period treatments.The same as below

Fig.3 Changes of temperature at 10 cm under the biodegradable plastic film

Table 7 Dynamic changes of soil growth days in different processes and different growth stages

生育时期 Growth period	天壮	弘睿	天野	CK
苗期 Seedlingstage	154.06±1.24^a	132.96±1.33^b	134.05±1.62^b	135.19±0.47^c
拔节期 Jointing stage	371.68±5.54^a	317.65±4.31	322.16±1.73^c	336.70±3.89^b
大喇叭口期 Megatrumpet stage	255.04±4.99^a	226.31±2.33^a	162.16±9.82^c	247.37±2.24^a
抽雄期 Tasselstage	112.68±3.04^a	99.12±1.61^c	100.32±1.6 ${0^{b}}^{c}$	103.16±2.38^b
吐丝期 Silking stage	152.61±3.04	133.81±1.61^c	134.12±1.59^c	140.51±2.38^b
乳熟期 Milky stage	232.87±0.27^a	193.75±2.53^c	195.58±3.28^c	207.80±2.96^b
成熟期 Matureperiod	322.87±4.14^a	269.02±4.02^c	272.30±5.45^c	287.02±5.44^b

Table 7 Dynamic changes of soil growth days in different processes and different growth stages

生育时期 Growth period	天壮	弘睿	天野	CK
苗期 Seedlingstage	154.06±1.24^a	132.96±1.33^b	134.05±1.62^b	135.19±0.47^c
拔节期 Jointing stage	371.68±5.54^a	317.65±4.31	322.16±1.73^c	336.70±3.89^b
大喇叭口期 Megatrumpet stage	255.04±4.99^a	226.31±2.33^a	162.16±9.82^c	247.37±2.24^a
抽雄期 Tasselstage	112.68±3.04^a	99.12±1.61^c	100.32±1.6 ${0^{b}}^{c}$	103.16±2.38^b
吐丝期 Silking stage	152.61±3.04	133.81±1.61^c	134.12±1.59^c	140.51±2.38^b
乳熟期 Milky stage	232.87±0.27^a	193.75±2.53^c	195.58±3.28^c	207.80±2.96^b
成熟期 Matureperiod	322.87±4.14^a	269.02±4.02^c	272.30±5.45^c	287.02±5.44^b

Table 8 Effects of different degradable films on maize yield

处理 Treatment	株数(个/hm²) Number of plants	单株结粒数 Number of seeds (个)	千粒重 1,000 grain (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
天壮Tianzhuang	94 528.57±2 348.49^a	237.24±4.28^a	492.8±1.64^c	11 057.72±429.15^b
弘睿Hongrui	94 322.36±491.65^a	240.92±2.45^a	550.53±3.15^b	12 508.70±80.42^a
天野Tianye	97 989.76±214.65^a	239.95±3.14^a	498.75±4.12^c	11 727.83±204.1 ${0^{a}}^{b}$
CK	85 858.59±0.0^b	242.39±4.71^a	606.8±6.63^a	12 629.75±310.38^a

Table 8 Effects of different degradable films on maize yield

处理 Treatment	株数(个/hm²) Number of plants	单株结粒数 Number of seeds (个)	千粒重 1,000 grain (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
天壮Tianzhuang	94 528.57±2 348.49^a	237.24±4.28^a	492.8±1.64^c	11 057.72±429.15^b
弘睿Hongrui	94 322.36±491.65^a	240.92±2.45^a	550.53±3.15^b	12 508.70±80.42^a
天野Tianye	97 989.76±214.65^a	239.95±3.14^a	498.75±4.12^c	11 727.83±204.1 ${0^{a}}^{b}$
CK	85 858.59±0.0^b	242.39±4.71^a	606.8±6.63^a	12 629.75±310.38^a

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