Abstract:

【Objective】 To provide reference for the utilization of summer soybean resources in Huang-huai-hai (Southern area) and the selection of high-quality germplasm. 【Methods】 46 new soybean varieties(lines) of the national Huang-huai-hai summer soybean (South) pilot test in 2020 were used as materials and 9 agronomic traits were studied for genetic variation, principal component analysis, comprehensive evaluation, and cluster analysis. 【Results】 The 9 agronomic traits of different materials showed great differences; the effective branch number and bottom pod height had the largest coefficient of variation; the yield was significantly positively correlated with the number of seeds per plant and the weight per plant, and was related to 100 seeds. The weight was significantly positively correlated; the grain weight per pant was significantly positively correlated with the number of effective pods per plant and the number of gains per plant; the hundred-seed weight was significantly positively correlated with the grain weight per plant, and significantly negatively correlated with the number of effective branches correlation. The number of branches was negatively correlated with the height of the bottom pod. Principal component analysis transformed 9 traits into 3 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 66.5%, and comprehensively evaluated of 46 varieties (lines); cluster analysis divided the test materials into 3 groups, among which group I, whose plant type was taller, had better branching properties, a hevier 100-seed weight and good yield. Group II had the largest 100-grain weight, short plant type, few branches, and poor yield. Group III had the largest number of branches, the smallest 100-grain weight, medium to small plant type, with average high yield. 【Conclusion】 The germplasm resources of Huang-huai-hai summer soybean (South) had a high level of diversity and rich genetic diversity. The selection of good parents should grasp the keys to the mutual connection and mutual restriction among the “yield factor”,“main stem factor” and “branch factor”. The five varieties (lines), Zheng 1440, Zhoudou 34, Pudou 5110, Hengdou 6 and Nannong 47 with the highest comprehensive scores can be used as good parents to improve local soybean varieties. Cluster analysis of the test materials were divided into 3 groups. Group I was used as excellent parents for multi-target traits and comprehensive traits, group II was used as excellent parents for breeding larg-grain varieties, and group III can be used as excellent parents for breeding multi-branched varieties.

Key words: soybean; phenotypic traits; correlation analysis; principal component analysis; comprehensive evaluation; clustering analysis

摘要：

【目的】综合分析黄淮海地区夏大豆(南片)46份大豆品种(系)农艺性状,为黄淮海夏大豆(南片)资源利用以及优质种质的筛选提供参考。【方法】以2020年国家黄淮海夏大豆(南片)中间试验参试的46个大豆新品种(系)为材料,对9个农艺性状进行遗传变异分析、主成分分析、聚类分析,并综合分析。【结果】不同材料间9个农艺性状指标表现出较大差异;有效分枝数、底荚高度变异系数最大;产量与单株粒数、单株粒重呈极显著正相关,与百粒重呈显著正相关;单株粒重与单株有效荚数、单株粒数均呈极显著正相关;百粒重与单株粒重呈极显著正相关,与有效分枝数呈显著负相关;分枝数与底荚高度呈极显著负相关。将9个性状转化为3个主成分,累计贡献率达66.5%,并对46个品种(系)进行综合评价;供试材料分成3个类群,其中类群Ⅰ株型较高大、分枝性较好、百粒重较大、丰产性好。类群Ⅱ百粒重最大、株型矮小、分枝数少、丰产性差。类群Ⅲ分枝数最多、百粒重最小、株型中等偏小、丰产性一般。【结论】黄淮海夏大豆(南片)种质资源多样水平较高,遗传多样性丰富。通过“产量因子”、“主茎因子”、“分枝因子”三者相互联系、相互制约的关系选择优良亲本。得分最高的有5个品种(系),分别为郑1440、周豆34号、濮豆5110、恒豆6号、南农47,可作为优良亲本参考改良当地大豆品种。类群Ⅰ可作为多目标性状综合性状较好的优良亲本,类群Ⅱ可作为选育大粒品种的优良亲本,类群Ⅲ可作为选育多分枝品种的优良亲本。

关键词: 大豆, 表型性状, 相关性分析, 主成分分析, 综合评价, 聚类分析