Effects of Different Amounts of Phosphate and Potassium Fertilizer on Fruit Quality and Yield of Frey Grape under Protected Culture

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.07.007

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are important elements for grape growth and development, which have an important effect on the whole process of grape growth and development as well as the quality and yield of grape fruit.The objective of this study is to increase understanding of the different amounts of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on fruit quality and yield of Frey seedless grape under protected culture during fruit expanding and coloring period. 【Method】Different amounts of phosphorus and potassium were applied under fixed nitrogen fertilizer application.【Result】The results showed that the grape plant panicle weight and yield were highest when the P₂O₅ content was 14.6 kg/667 m² and the potassium application amount was 15.08 kg/667 m² in the local Frey seedless grape under protected culture during the fruit expanding and coloring period. And sugar and acid ratio, hardness and fruit coloring coefficient were better than those of the control and other treatments. The root system of grape was mainly distributed in the soil layer of 20-40 cm.【Conclusion】It is suggested that the amount of P₂O₅ content should be 14.6 kg/667 m² and the potassium application amount was 15.08 kg/667 m² in the local Flame seedless grape under protected culture during the fruit expanding and coloring period and the fertilization depth should be at the 20-40 cm soil layer.

Key words: grape; phosphate fertilizer; potash fertilizer; yield; quality

摘要： 【目的】磷、钾肥均是葡萄生长发育所需要的大量元素,对葡萄整个生长发育过程及果实的品质和产量都有重要的影响。研究不同磷钾肥施用量在膨果期和着色期对设施葡萄果实品质和产量的影响。【方法】选择弗雷葡萄,在施氮量一致的条件下,设置不同的施磷量和施钾量,在果实成熟期测定葡萄果实品质和产量的影响。【结果】设施弗雷葡萄在膨果期和着色期施P₂O₅量为14.6 kg/667 m²、施K₂O量为15.08 kg/667 m²时葡萄单穗重和产量最高,糖酸比、硬度和果实着色系数均优于对照和其它处理。【结论】设施弗雷葡萄在膨果期和着色期施P₂O₅量为14.6 kg/667 m²、施K₂O量为15.08 kg/667 m²,施肥深度应在20~40 cm土层处为宜。

关键词: 葡萄, 磷肥, 钾肥, 产量, 品质

CLC Number:

S663.1

ZHENG Xiao-neng, WANG Sheng-hai, LIU Miao-miao, LIU Huai-feng. Effects of Different Amounts of Phosphate and Potassium Fertilizer on Fruit Quality and Yield of Frey Grape under Protected Culture[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(7): 1227-1235.

郑小能, 王生海, 柳苗苗, 刘怀锋. 不同磷钾肥施用量对设施葡萄果实品质和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(7): 1227-1235.

References

[1] 河北农业大学.果树栽培学各论:北方本[M].北京:农业出版社,1987:101-149.
   Hebei Agricultural University. (1987). The Theory of Fruit Tree Cultivation: Northern China[M]. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 101-149.(in Chinese)
[2]谢海霞. 全球红葡萄需肥规律及其高产、优质、高效施肥研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士论文,2005.
   XIE Hai-xia. (2005). Study on the Pattern of Requirement of Fertilizer and Fertilization for High Yield、Quality and Efficiency of Red Globe Gape[D]. Master Dissertation. Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi.(in Chinese)
[3]余亚白,林斌,陈源,等.国内外葡萄生产与研究概况[J].中国南方果树,2004,(2):66-69.
   YU Ya-bai, LIN Bin, CHEN Yuan, et al. (2004).General Situation of Grape Production and Research in China and Abroad [J]. South China Fruit Tree, 33(2): 66-69. (in Chinese)
[4] 聂松青,田淑芬. 葡萄矿质营养概况及微生物肥的应用[J]. 中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2015,(5):46-51.
   NIE Song-qing, TIAN Shu-fen. (2015). General Situation of Mineral Nutrition and Application of Microbial Fertilizer in Grape [J]. Grapevine and Wine in China and Abroad,(5):46-51.(in Chinese)
[5] Barraclough P B. (1988). Effect of a Compacted Subsoil Layer on Root and Shoot Growth, Water use Nutrient uptake Winter Wheat[J]. Agric Sci Camb, 110(2): 207-216.
[6]Naor A, Wample R. L. (1995). A Rapid Field Method for Measuring Net Assimilation Rate-stomatal Conductance Relationship Feasibility Test Using Grapevine Leaves [J]. Science Horticulturae, 60(3): 287-292.
[7] Jackson, D., and D. Schuster, (1993). Environmental and management practices affecting grape composition and wine quality - a review Amer. J. Enology and Viticulture, 44(4): 409-430,
[8] 杨贵川. 配方施肥对夏黑葡萄园土壤理化性质及果实品质影响研究[D]. 雅安:四川农业大学硕士论文,2015.
   YANG Gui-chuan. (2015) Research on Effects of Formulated Fertilization on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Fruit Quality of Summer Black Grape[D]. Master Dissertation. Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an. (in Chinese)
[9] 李生秀. 我国土壤-植物营养研究的进展[C]//. 中国土壤学会.中国土壤学会第十次全国会员代表大会暨第五届海峡两岸土壤肥料学术交流研讨会论文集(面向农业与环境的土壤科学综述篇).中国土壤学会, 2004:16.
   LI Sheng-xiu.(2004). Progress of Soil-Plant Nutrition Research in China-Soil Science Society of Chinese[C]//. Proceedings of the Tenth National Member Congress of the China soil Society and the Fifth Symposium on soil Fertilizer Academic Exchanges across the Taiwan Strait (Scientific Review of Soil Science for Agriculture and the Environment.) . Soil Science Society of China: 16. (in Chinese)
[10]杨帆.美国肥料管理模式与启示[J].中国土壤与肥料,2007,(3):1-3.
   YANG Fan.(2007). American Fertilizer Management Model and Its Inspiration [J]. China Soil and Fertilizer, (3):1-3.(in Chinese)
[11] 杨成桓.葡萄营养特性及施肥技术的研究[J].辽宁农业科学,1993,(5):4-8.
   YANG Cheng-huan.(1993). Study on the Nutritional Characteristics and Fertilization Techniques of Grape [J]. Liaoning Agricultural Sciences, (5): 4-8. (in Chinese)
[12] 许迪,康绍忠. 现代节水农业科技研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 高技术通讯,2002,(12):103-108.
   XU Di, KANG Shao-zhong. (2002). Research Progress and Development Trend of Modern Water-saving Agricultural Science and Technology [J]. High-tech Communication, (12): 103-108. (in Chinese)
[13] Jones G V, Micheal A W, Cooper O R. Climate Change and Global Wine Quality [J]. Climatic Change, 2005, 73(2):319-343.
[14] 胡建芳.鲜食葡萄优质高产栽培技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
   HU Jian-fang.(2001). Hight-quality and Hight-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Fresh Grapes[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press.(in Chinese).
[15] 郝小雨. 过量施用磷肥对白菜类蔬菜吸收矿质养分的影响研究[D].保定:河北农业大学硕士论文,2009.
   HAO Xiao-yu. (2009). The Effect of Excessive Phosphate Fertilizer on Mineral Nutrient uptake of Chinese Cabbage Species[D]. Master Dissertation. Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding. (in Chinese)
[16] 周敏,毛曦,陈环,等.葡萄钾营养及其在果实中积累的研究进展[J].果树学报,2017,34(6):752-761.
   ZHOU Min, MAO Xi, CHEN Huan, et al. (2017). Research Advances on Potassium Nutrition and Berry Accumulation in Grapevines [J]. Journal of Fruit Trees, 34(6):752-761. (in Chinese)
[17] 王保良,白文清,林杰, 等.葡萄配方施肥技术研究简报[J].河北果树,1996,(2):24-25.
   WANG Bao-liang, BAI Wen-qing, LIN Jie, et al. (1996). A Brief Report on the Research of Grape Formula Fertilizer Technology [J]. Hebei Fruit Tree, (2):24-25. (in Chinese)
[18] 吴林, 李亚东 , 张志东 ,等.对藤稔葡萄钾肥施用效果研究[J].北方园艺,1996,(3):33,108.
   WU Lin, LI Ya-dong, ZHANG Zhi-dong, et al. (1996). Effect of Potassium Fertilizer on Fujiminori grape [J]. Northern Horticulture, (3):33,108.(in Chinese)
[19] 张晓娟. 宁夏贺兰山东麓风沙土酿酒葡萄氮磷钾合理施肥量研究[D].银川:宁夏大学硕士论文,2013.
   ZHANG Xiao-juan.(2013). Study on Wine Grapes Reasonable Fertilizer of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer in Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain Sandy soil in Ningxia[D] Master Dissertation. Ningxia University, Yinchuan. (in Chinese)
[20] 张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990.
   ZHANG Zhi-liang. (1990). Experimental guidance of plant physiology[M]. Beijing: higher Education Press. (in Chinese)
[21] 张朝轩,扬天仪,骆军,等.不同肥料及施用方式对巨峰葡萄叶片光和特性和果实品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2010,23(2):440-443.
   ZHANG Chao-xuan, YANG Tian-yi, LUO Jun, et al. (2010).Effects of Different Fertilizer and Application Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Quality of Kyoho Grape [J]. Journal of Southwest Agricultural Sciences, 23(2):440-443. (in Chinese)
[22] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].中国农业出版社,2000.
   BAO Shi-dan.(2000). Analysis of Soil Agrochemistry[M]. China Agricultural Press.(in Chinese)
[23]刘长江.酿酒葡萄施不同复合肥的肥效对比试验[J].河北果树,2000,(2):16.
   LIU Chang-jiang. (2000).Comparative Experiment on Fertilizer Efficiency of Wine Grape with Different Compound Fertilizers [J]. Hebei Fruit Tree,(2): 16.(in Chinese)
[24]马文娟,同延安,王真臻.陕西省葡萄施肥现状评估[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(3):716-719.
   MA Wen-juan, TONG Yan-an, WANG Zhen-zhen.(2014).Evaluation of Current Situation of Grape Fertilization in Shaanxi Province [J]. Anhui Agricultural Science, 42(3): 716-719.(in Chinese)
[25]马国瑞. 园艺植物营养与施肥[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994:123-156.
   Ma Guo-rui.(1994). Horticultural Plant Nutrition and Fertilization[M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press: 123-156.(in Chinese)
[26] 乔宝营,朱运钦,黄海帆,等. 大棚葡萄配方施肥技术研究[J]. 北方园艺,2008,(3):106-107.
   QIAO Bao-ying, ZHU Yun-qin, HUANG Hai-Fan, et al.(2008).Study on the Technology of Applying Fertilizer for Grape Recipe in Greenhouse [J]. North Horticulture, (3):106-107.(in Chinese)
[27] 陈茂春.过量施用磷肥危害大[J].新农村,2017,(9):26.
   CHEN Mao-chun. (2017).Excessive Application of Phosphate Fertilizer is Harmful. [J]. Xin Nongchun, (9): 26.(in Chinese)
[28]李清和.磷肥施用过量危害大[J].农家参谋,2016,(11):49.
   LI Qing-he. (2016).The Excessive Application of Phosphate Fertilizer is Harmful [J]. Agricultural Family Staff,(11): 49.(in Chinese)
[29]杨立峰,冯春叶.红地球葡萄精细配方施肥技术研究[J].种业导刊,2008,(6):34-35.
   YANG Li-feng, FENG Chun-ye.(2008). Study on Fine Formula Fertilization Technology of Red Earth Grape [J]. Seed Industry Guide,(6):34-35.(in Chinese)
[30]刘鲁平.磷肥的科学施用[J].农业科技通讯,1989,(7):38.
   LIU Lu-ping. (1989). Scientific Application of Phosphate Fertilizer [J]. Agricultural Science and Technology Communication, (7): 38.(in Chinese)
[31]唐庆典.科学施用磷肥[J].农村.农业.农民,1999,(11):15.
   TANG Qing-dian. (1999) Scientific Application of Phosphate Fertilizer [J]. Countryside, Agriculture Peasants, (11):15.(in Chinese)
[32]路铨.磷肥的高效施用技术[J].黑龙江科技信息,2010,(35):273,139.
   LU Quan.(2010). High efficient Application Technology of Phosphate Fertilizer [J]. Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,(35): 273,139.(in Chinese)
[33]黄顺适.过量施用磷肥会不会减产？[J].甘肃农业科技,1981,(5):19-20.
   HUANG Shun-shi. (1981). Will Excessive Application of Phosphorus Reduce Production? [J]. Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology,(5): 19-20.(in Chinese)
[34]孙权,王静芳,王素芳,等.不同施肥深度对酿酒葡萄叶片养分和产量及品质的影响[J].果树学报,2007,(4):455-459.
   SUN Quan, WANG Jing-fang, WANG Su-fang, et al. (2007). Effects of Different Fertilization Depth on Leaf Nutrients, Yield and Quality of Wine Grape [J]. Journal of Fruit Trees, (4):455-459.(in Chinese)