新疆主要棉区棉花高质量发展水平及差异分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】测度新疆主要棉区(南疆棉区、北疆棉区和东疆棉区)棉花高质量发展水平,分析棉花高质量发展短板和区域差异,为推动新疆棉花产业现代化发展提供科学依据。【方法】从产业发展、绿色生产、产品质量、生产效率和科技支撑5个维度构建指标体系,运用熵值法、泰尔指数方法,分析2014~2021年新疆南疆棉区、北疆棉区和东疆棉区棉花高质量发展水平和区域差异。【结果】新疆北疆棉区棉花高质量发展水平得分由2014年的46.70分下降至2021年的35.05分,南疆棉区得分由31.32分提高至35.97分,东疆棉区得分由21.98分提高至28.98分;新疆棉花高质量发展区域差异指数由0.179 1下降至0.059 5,区域内差异指数由0.052 4下降至0.024 9,区域间差异指数由0.126 7下降至0.034 6。【结论】新疆北疆棉区棉花高质量发展水平高于南疆棉区和东疆棉区,但北疆棉区棉花高质量发展水平呈下降趋势,南疆棉区和东疆棉区棉花高质量发展水平呈上升趋势,各地州(市)棉花高质量发展水平不均衡;新疆不同区域棉花高质量发展差异逐渐收敛。

关键词: 棉花; 高质量发展; 综合评价; 区域差异

Abstract:

【Objective】 To analyze the shortcomings and regional differences of high-quality development of cotton industry by measuring the high-quality development level of cotton in the major cotton-producing areas of Xinjiang(Southern Xinjiang Cotton Region,Northern Xinjiang Cotton Region and Eastern Xinjiang Cotton Region), and put forward policy recommendations for high-quality cotton industry development in this region. 【Methods】 This paper constructed an index system from five dimensions: industrial development, green production, product quality, production efficiency and technological support, and Entropy method and Theil index were used to analyze the high-quality development of cotton industry in Xinjiang from 2014 to 2021. 【Results】 The score of the northern Xinjiang cotton region decreased from 46.70 points to 35.05 points from 2014 to 2021, the cotton area in southern Xinjiang increased from 31.32 points to 35.97 points,the score of the eastern Xinjiang cotton area increased from 21.98 points to 28.98 points;The regional difference index for high-quality cotton development in Xinjiang decreased from 0.1791 to 0.059,5; The intra-regional difference index decreased from 0.052,4 to 0.024,9;The inter-regional difference index decreased from 0.126,7 to 0.034,6. 【Conclusion】 The high-quality development level of the cotton area in northern Xinjiang is higher than that in southern and eastern Xinjiang, but the high-quality development level of the cotton area in northern Xinjiang showed a downward trend. The high-quality development level of the cotton area in southern and eastern Xinjiang are on the rise, that is, in the various prefectures (cities) level of development are not balanced; The regional difference of high-quality cotton development in Xinjiang gradually converges.

Key words: cotton; high-quality development; comprehensive assessment; regional differences

中图分类号:

F303.3

包艳丽, 王晓伟, 李琼诗, 张利召, 陈玉兰. 新疆主要棉区棉花高质量发展水平及差异分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 1032-1040.

BAO Yanli, WANG Xiaowei, LI Qiongshi, ZHANG Lizhao, CHEN Yulan. Analysis of the high Quality development level and differences of cotton in major cotton regions of Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(4): 1032-1040.

图/表 7

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准则层 Rule Layer	指标层 Index Layer	指标含义 Index meaning	指标类型 Index type
产业发展 Industrial development	棉花种植面积占比(A₁)	新疆(地州)棉花面积/全国(新疆)棉花面积	+
	棉花产值占农业总产值比(A₂)	棉花产值/农业总产值	+
	规模经营面积占比(A₃)	规模经营面积/棉花种植面积	+
绿色生产 Green production	化肥施用量(B₁)	每公顷化肥施用量	-
	农药施用量(B₂)	每公顷农药施用量	-
	农膜回收率(B₃)	农膜回收量/农膜总用量	+
产品质量 Product quality	平均长度 (C₁)	棉花纤维平均长度	+
	断裂比强度平均值 (C₂)	棉花纤维长度整齐度	+
	含杂率(C₃)	异质物占产量比重	-
生产效率 Production efficiency	每万元产值耗水量(D₁)	每万元产值耗水量	-
	劳动生产率(D₂)	棉花产值/劳动力人数	+
	棉花单产水平(D₃)	每公顷棉花产量	+
科技支撑 Scientific and technological support	机采棉占比(E₁)	机械采收面积/棉花总面积	+
科技支撑 Scientific and technological support	种子投入(E₂)	每公顷棉种投入量	-

准则层 Rule Layer	指标层 Index Layer	指标含义 Index meaning	指标类型 Index type
产业发展 Industrial development	棉花种植面积占比(A₁)	新疆(地州)棉花面积/全国(新疆)棉花面积	+
	棉花产值占农业总产值比(A₂)	棉花产值/农业总产值	+
	规模经营面积占比(A₃)	规模经营面积/棉花种植面积	+
绿色生产 Green production	化肥施用量(B₁)	每公顷化肥施用量	-
	农药施用量(B₂)	每公顷农药施用量	-
	农膜回收率(B₃)	农膜回收量/农膜总用量	+
产品质量 Product quality	平均长度 (C₁)	棉花纤维平均长度	+
	断裂比强度平均值 (C₂)	棉花纤维长度整齐度	+
	含杂率(C₃)	异质物占产量比重	-
生产效率 Production efficiency	每万元产值耗水量(D₁)	每万元产值耗水量	-
	劳动生产率(D₂)	棉花产值/劳动力人数	+
	棉花单产水平(D₃)	每公顷棉花产量	+
科技支撑 Scientific and technological support	机采棉占比(E₁)	机械采收面积/棉花总面积	+
科技支撑 Scientific and technological support	种子投入(E₂)	每公顷棉种投入量	-

地州(市) Prefecture (city)	年份 Year								平均得分 Average score
地州(市) Prefecture (city)	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	平均得分 Average score
吐鲁番市 Turpan City	3.91	4.41	3.99	4.75	6.88	6.85	6.01	6.65	5.43
哈密市 Hami City	6.22	6.07	7.14	7.23	7.80	7.92	9.59	7.38	7.42
昌吉回族自治州 Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture	14.55	11.19	11.42	12.35	12.08	10.15	9.47	9.19	11.30
伊犁州直 Counties Direct Under Ili Prefecture	10.63	9.47	9.50	7.45	5.62	7.26	7.04	7.01	8.00
塔城地区 Tacheng Administrative Offices	11.87	11.96	12.40	12.45	11.32	10.34	9.50	9.91	11.22
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州 Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture	6.96	9.87	11.22	10.65	8.21	8.34	8.00	8.03	8.91
克拉玛依市 Karamay City	9.78	12.27	8.81	8.92	9.12	8.48	9.20	8.28	9.36
巴音郭楞蒙古自治州 Bayangol Mongol Autonomous Prefecture	9.55	9.24	10.73	10.07	9.00	9.39	10.05	10.13	9.77
阿克苏地区 Aksu Administrative Offices	9.97	9.24	10.22	10.81	11.48	11.19	12.43	11.10	10.81
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture	4.14	4.06	3.47	4.21	6.29	6.15	5.16	5.08	4.82
喀什地区 Kashgar Administrative Offices	9.10	8.56	8.37	8.31	7.91	10.39	10.36	11.59	9.32
和田地区 Hotan Administrative Offices	3.31	3.66	2.72	2.80	4.30	3.55	3.20	5.63	3.65

地州(市) Prefecture (city)	年份 Year								平均得分 Average score
地州(市) Prefecture (city)	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	平均得分 Average score
吐鲁番市 Turpan City	3.91	4.41	3.99	4.75	6.88	6.85	6.01	6.65	5.43
哈密市 Hami City	6.22	6.07	7.14	7.23	7.80	7.92	9.59	7.38	7.42
昌吉回族自治州 Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture	14.55	11.19	11.42	12.35	12.08	10.15	9.47	9.19	11.30
伊犁州直 Counties Direct Under Ili Prefecture	10.63	9.47	9.50	7.45	5.62	7.26	7.04	7.01	8.00
塔城地区 Tacheng Administrative Offices	11.87	11.96	12.40	12.45	11.32	10.34	9.50	9.91	11.22
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州 Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture	6.96	9.87	11.22	10.65	8.21	8.34	8.00	8.03	8.91
克拉玛依市 Karamay City	9.78	12.27	8.81	8.92	9.12	8.48	9.20	8.28	9.36
巴音郭楞蒙古自治州 Bayangol Mongol Autonomous Prefecture	9.55	9.24	10.73	10.07	9.00	9.39	10.05	10.13	9.77
阿克苏地区 Aksu Administrative Offices	9.97	9.24	10.22	10.81	11.48	11.19	12.43	11.10	10.81
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州 Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture	4.14	4.06	3.47	4.21	6.29	6.15	5.16	5.08	4.82
喀什地区 Kashgar Administrative Offices	9.10	8.56	8.37	8.31	7.91	10.39	10.36	11.59	9.32
和田地区 Hotan Administrative Offices	3.31	3.66	2.72	2.80	4.30	3.55	3.20	5.63	3.65

年份 Year	全疆指数 Index of Xinjiang	区域内指数 Intra-regional index			区域间指数 Inter-regional index			区域内差异 Intra-regional variation	区域间差异 Inter-regional differences
年份 Year	全疆指数 Index of Xinjiang	北疆	南疆	东疆	北疆—南疆	北疆—东疆	南疆—东疆	区域内差异 Intra-regional variation	区域间差异 Inter-regional differences
2014	0.179 1	0.027 3	0.085 9	0.026 4	0.070 8	0.071 7	0.083 9	0.052 4	0.126 7
2015	0.161 6	0.005 1	0.106 3	0.012 6	0.057 7	0.043 7	0.102 2	0.049 1	0.112 5
2016	0.165 3	0.004 2	0.124 0	0.040 5	0.075 8	0.047 4	0.108 5	0.053 2	0.112 1
2017	0.147 8	0.015 1	0.116 7	0.021 6	0.074 4	0.044 8	0.097 1	0.055 5	0.092 3
2018	0.076 4	0.034 6	0.055 4	0.002 0	0.049 2	0.034 6	0.041 6	0.039 1	0.037 3
2019	0.061 3	0.011 9	0.061 7	0.002 7	0.039 3	0.015 5	0.045 6	0.030 4	0.030 9
2020	0.059 8	0.018 9	0.077 3	0.026 5	0.050 8	0.023 7	0.062 5	0.042 5	0.017 3
2021	0.059 5	0.009 1	0.048 5	0.001 3	0.028 8	0.012 4	0.038 6	0.024 9	0.034 6